Free software is the first battle 自由软件
in the liberation of cyberspace 是网络空间解放的第一战
Who controls your computer? Is it you, 谁控制你的计算机？ 你？
or is it some big company that's really controlling it? 还是一些真正控制它的大公司?
Well, what is a computer? 那么，什么是计算机？
A computer is a universal machine. 计算机是通用机器。
It will do any computation you want it to, 它执行你想要的任何处理，
because you give it a program that says 因为你提供给它一个程序，这个程序告诉计算机
what the computation is that you want. 你想做什么处理。
So the computer only knows 所以计算机只知道
how to get out an instruction and do it, 如何检索指令并执行它，
and get another instruction and do it. 然后检索另一条指令并执行它，依此类推。
The program has the instructions. 程序就含有这些指令。
It says what to do. 它告诉计算机该做什么。
So by writing the right program, 所以通过编写正确的程序
you can make it do anything. 你可以做任何事情。
Well, almost anything. 好吧，几乎任何事情。
So who gives instructions to your computer? 那么，谁将指令提供给你的计算机？
You might think it's obeying your instructions, 你可能以为它在听从你的命令，
when really 而事实上，
it's obeying somebody else first, 它首先服从别人，
and you, only as much as 而你，只能在
that company wants it to, 公司希望的程度上，
will let it listen to you. 让它听从你。
With software, there are two possibilities: 软件有两种可能性：
either the users control the program, 要么用户控制程序，
or the program controls the users. 要么程序控制用户。
It's inevitably one or the other. 必然是这两者之一。
So, in order for the users 所以，对于用户来说
to control the program, 要控制程序，
they need the four essential freedoms. 他们需要四个基本的自由。
And that's the definition of free software. 这就是自由软件的定义。
Free software respects the users' freedom 自由软件尊重用户的自由
and community. 和社区。
Now, we often call it “libre”, 现在我们通常称其为“libre”，
using the French or Spanish word. 使用法语或西班牙语单词
Pronounce it as you like. 发音随你便。
The point is, that's what we mean. 重点是，我们在其中表达的意思。
We don't mean it's gratis. 我们的意思不是它是免费的。
We are not talking about price; 我们不是在谈论价格；
We're concerned with your freedom, 我们关心的是你的自由，
and we sometimes say “free/libre” to show that. 我们有时说 free/libre 来表达这个意思。
So, freedom zero is the freedom 所以自由之零的自由
to run the program as you wish, 是你可以按你意愿运行程序，
for whatever purpose. 无论你出于什么目的。
Freedom 1 is the freedom 自由之一的自由
to study the source code of the program, 是可以让你可以研究程序的源代码
and change it so it does 并更改它，以便它可以执行
the computing you want it to do. 你想要的处理。
But what is the source code? 但是，什么是源代码？
Well, every program typically 好吧，每个程序通常
will have two forms: 具有以下两种可能的形式之一：
there's the form that you can read 其一是你可以阅读
and you can understand 而且可以理解的格式
if you know the programming language 如果你懂得编程语言
-- this is the source. -- 这是源代码。
That's what programmers write and change. 这就是程序员编写和更改（的内容）。
Then, there's the executable, 然后，就是可执行文件，
a bunch of numbers, 由很多数字构成，
which even a programmer can't figure out. 甚至连程序员都无法理解。
If all you get is the executable, 如果你只有可执行文件，
it's a horrible pain in the neck to figure out what it does, 要搞明白它究竟干了什么将不胜其烦，
and even harder to change it. 而要更改它则更为困难。
So, to give you the real possibility 所以，为了让你真正有可能
to study and change it, 去研究和改变它，
they've gotta give you the source code. 您需要使源代码可获得。
That's a requirement. 这是一个基本要求
Well, with those two freedoms, 这样，有了这两个自由，
each user separately 每个用户
can make a copy and start changing it, 都可以单独制作一份副本并开始进行更改，
and make it do what she wants. 让它做用户要它做的事情。
That's individual control. 这是个人对程序的控制。
But, what if you are not a programmer? 但是，如果您不是程序员怎么办？
You look at the source code 你看源代码
and you don't understand it. 却无法理解它。
So, individual control isn't enough. 个人控制是不够的。
We also need collective control, 我们还需要集体控制，
which means any group of users 意思是任何一组用户
are free to work together, 可以自由地合作，
to adapt the program to what they want. 使程序适应他们的需求。
Of course, in the group some are programmers. 当然，在其中有的用户是程序员。
They're the ones who actually write changes. 他们是真正编写更改的人。
but they're doing this as part of the group, 但他们将作为小组的一部分
for what the group wants. 满足团队的需求。
Of course, the group doesn't have to be everybody, 当然，这个小组不必包含所有人，
so others can use it some other way. 其他人可能会以其他方式使用它。
They're all free to do that. 他们有这样的做的自由。
Collective control requires 这种集体控制需要
two more essential freedoms: 另外两个基本自由：
Freedom 2 is the freedom 自由之二的自由
to redistribute exact copies, 你可以重新发布精确副本,
to make copies and then give them away or sell them, when you wish. 在你想的时候复制，并分发或者出售它们。
And Freedom 3 is similar 自由之三与之类似
but it's for your modified versions. 但适用于程序经过修改后的版本：
You're free to make copies and give them or sell them, when you wish. 在你希望的时候自由复制，分发或者出售它们。
We do have these freedoms. 我们确实享有这些自由。
When it's free software, 当它是自由软件时，
the users control the program. 用户控制程序。
But if any of those freedoms is missing, 但是，如果其中任何一种自由缺失，
then the users don't control the program. 那么用户就无法控制程序。
Instead, the program controls the users, 而是由程序控制用户，
and the developer controls the program. 由开发人员控制程序。
So, that means this program is an 这意味着该程序是一种
instrument of unjust power for its developer over the users. 其开发者凌驾于用户的不公正力量的工具。
This means that users don't have freedom. 这意味着用户没有自由。
That's nonfree proprietary software, 它是专有的，非自由的软件，
which we've got to get rid of. 我们必须消灭。
Well, when you've got proprietary software, 那么，当你拿到一份专有软件，
what happens? 会发生什么？
Sometimes the program snoops on the user. 有时程序会收集有关用户的信息。
Sometimes it tracks the user. 有时它会跟踪用户。
Sometimes it restricts the user 有时会限制用户
and stops users from doing what they want to do.. 阻止用户执行他们想做的事情。
You can see that the Blu-ray is your enemy. 你可以看到，蓝光是你的敌人。
Sometimes, the software remotely deletes books, 有时，软件会远程擦除书籍，
as Amazon did with “1984”, 就像亚马逊对《1984》所做的那样。
but sometimes the developer 嗯，有时候是开发商
compels users to install a harmful upgrade 强制用户安装有害更新，
by threatening to take away other functionality if it's not installed, 威胁不安装更新就删除一些其他功能，
as Sony did. 如 Sony 那样。
And sometimes they can even 有时他们甚至可以
forcibly change the software at a distance, 远程强制对软件进行更改，
as Microsoft can with Windows 就像 Microsoft 可以在 Windows 上
through the universal backdoor. 通过通用后门（“backdoor”）做的那样。
Sometimes, they even sabotage users, 有时候他们甚至危害用户，
as Microsoft does when it tells the NSA 就像 Microsoft 通知 NSA
about bugs in Windows, Windows 中的缺陷时那样，
so it can use them 这样它就可以使用它们
to attack people's computers. 去攻击人们的计算机。
Well, what you get is, basically 好吧，结果基本上是：
with proprietary software, 通过专有软件，
the owner has power over users, 其所有者拥有了控制用户的权力，
and takes advantage of this power 并利用这种力量
putting in those various malicious functionalities to hurt the users. 插入那些各种各样的恶意功能来伤害用户。
Of course, they don't do this because they're sadists. 当然，这么做不是因为他们是虐待狂。
They're doing it just for money, for greed. 他们只是为了金钱、因为贪婪而这么做。
They have various ways 他们有几种方法
that they can profit from having this power over users, 可以从对用户的控制权中获利，
which does not make it even the tiniest bit less evil. 这丝毫没有减小他们的邪恶。
But they have no shame about it: 但是他们对此并不感到羞耻：
they have conferences where they talk about the latest ways they can 他们在会议上讨论了最现代的方式
take advantage of users through the power they have. 来通过他们的权力利用用户。
Basically, proprietary software 基本上，专有软件
which is now — for almost all the uses of proprietary software — 现在对几乎所有专有软件的使用来说
proprietary malware, 都是专有恶意软件，
it's software for suckers. 是针对容易受骗之人的软件。
So, how do you stop being a victim? 那么，如何停止成为受害者呢？
Formerly, you had to stop using computers, 在从前，您将不得不停止使用计算机，
but not anymore. 今天不再是（这样了）。
Now, you can come join us in the free world that we've built. 现在，您可以加入我们建立的自由世界。
In 1983, I announced I would develop 在1983年，我宣布我将开发一个
a completely free software operating system, 完全自由的操作系统
called GNU. 叫做 GNU。
In 1992, we had it almost finished, 在1992年，它几乎准备就绪，
but one piece was missing, the kernel. 但是缺少一颗内核。
Linus Torvalds in that year 那年，林纳斯·托瓦兹
freed his kernel Linux, 将他的 Linux 内核发布为自由软件，
which filled the last gap, and gave us 它填补了最后的空白，为我们提供了
the first complete system you could run on a PC: PC 上的第一个完整（且自由的）系统：
GNU plus Linux. GNU 加上 Linux。
Unfortunately, 不幸的是，
having freedom at one more point 一时拥有自由
doesn't guarantee you'll keep it. 并不能保证您会保持自由。
There are over a thousand different variants of GNU/Linux (GNU slash Linux); GNU/Linux 有数千种不同的变体；
they are called "distributions". 它们被称为“发行版”。
A few of them are entirely free software; 其中很少有完全自由的软件。
most of them have nonfree software added, 其中大多数包含非自由软件，
because they are maintained by people 因为它们
who are not concerned with freedom. 由不关心自由的人维护。
They'd rather add convenience, 他们添加一些东西来寻求方便，
but at the cost of freedom. 但以自由为代价。
So, So, you have to check which is a free distro. 所以，您不得不检查一下，哪个是自由发行版。
To keep your freedom sometimes requires a sacrifice, 维护你的自由，有时需要牺牲，
sometimes a big sacrifice 有些时候是很大的牺牲，
as in Lexington. 如列克星敦。 （开始争取美国独立的斗争）
Sometimes ... but in our campaign, 有些时候 ... 但是在我们的运动中，
they tend to be little sacrifices. 他们往往是小的牺牲：
Anybody with a little bit of maturity 任何有一点成熟的人
can make these sacrifices. 都可以做出这些牺牲。
For instance you want applications, 例如，您需要应用程序，
but some of them are nonfree. 但其中一些不是自由的：
if you want freedom, 如果你想要自由，
you've got to do without them 你需要离开它们。
So there may be some inconveniences you have to suffer for your freedom sake. 为了捍卫自己的自由，你会遇到一些不便。
Then many web sites send nonfree programs 许多网站发送非自由程序，
written in JavaScript to the user's browser. 它们用 JavaScript 语言编写，供用户浏览器使用。
if you don't want to run nonfree programs, 如果您不想运行非自由程序，
you should install LibreJS 你应该安装 LibreJS，
which blocks, keeps out nonfree Javascript. 它阻挡了非自由的 JavaScript。
And sometimes servers will 有时服务器
offer to do your computing; 会提供进行处理的功能；
they say, “Send us all your data.” 他们说：“将你的所有数据发送给我们”
--- obviously for "suckers". --- 显然针对容易受骗的人.
Then the server does the computing, 然后服务器执行处理
and sends you back the results, 并发送回结果，
but you're not supposed to think about 但是您不会考虑
what's happening 正在发生的事情，
"because it's the cloud!" “因为它是云！”
and you don't see what's going on. 而且您不能看到发生了什么。
Well, you should look. 好吧，你本应看到！
It's software as a service, as a software substitute, 它是“软件即服务”，替代软件的服务，
and it takes away control of your computing. 它使您无法控制其处理。
So, a large fraction of the world's web servers 因此，（虽然）世界上大多数Web服务器
are running GNU/Linux (GNU slash Linux) and other free software, 都在运行 GNU/Linux 或其他一些自由软件，
but I think the most important computers 但是我认为
to put freedom in 释放自由的最重要的计算机
are YOUR computers, 是您的计算机，
not the companies' web servers. 而不是公司的Web服务器。
They deserve freedom also, 他们也应得自由，
but above all, 但是重要的是，
it's people that deserve freedom. 是人民应得自由
So, we need to advance 所以我们需要前进，
and to do that, we have to cross obstacles. 为此，我们需要克服一些障碍：
One of them is 一是，
there are big companies that make a lot of money by having control over users, 一些大公司通过控制用户赚了很多钱
and they don't want to let us advance. 他们不想让我们前进。
We have to overcome their opposition. 我们必须克服他们的反对。
Another is that the mainstream media 另一个是主流媒体
don't talk about free software; 不谈论自由软件。
They have a term 他们有一个术语，
that they use to bury these ethical issues: 用来掩盖这些道德问题：
They say “open source” instead. 他们说，或者，用“开源”（表达）
Now, it talks about more or less, 此时，他们在或多或少谈论
the same programs, 同样的软件，
but with different ideas. 但是却有着不同的理念。
We, the free software activists, say 我们自由软件活动家说：
“This is a matter of right and wrong. “这是对与错的问题；
Users deserve freedom. 用户们应得自由
We demand freedom.” 我们需要自由”
The people who say “open source”, 那些说“开源”的人，
they don't want to say that. 他们不想要去谈论它。
Instead, they say, 相反，他们说，
“Let the users change the software and redistribute it, “让用户修改软件并重新分发
and they'll make the code better. 他们会让代码更好，
They'll fix some bugs.” 他们将会修复一些缺陷。”
It may be true, but it's a less important issue. 这可能是事实，但没那么重要。
If we want to keep our freedom, 如果我们想要去保持我们的自由，
we gotta talk about freedom. 我们必须谈论我们的自由，
So, say “free software”, 所以，说“自由软件”，
and you're helping us every time. 您每一次这样说，都是在帮助到我们。
Another obstacle is that 另一个障碍是，
lots of schools teach nonfree software, 很多学校教授非自由软件，
which is basically like teaching the kids to smoke tobacco. 这基本上就是教孩子们抽烟。
It's implanting dependence, 这是植入依赖性，
which is the opposite of what a school should do. 这与学校应该做的相反。
A school should prepare citizens to live 学校应该培养公民生活在一个
in a strong, capable, independent, cooperating and free society, 强大、有能力、独立、合作和自由的社会中，
which means teaching free software in school. 这意味着在学校教授自由软件。
But there's another reason to do that: 但是这样做还有另外一个原因：
for education. 为了教育。
Some kids want to become programmers, 有些孩子想成为程序员，
they are curious, 他们很好奇，
They wanna know how the programs work. 他们想要去懂得程序如何工作。
Well the one studying free software 好了，使用自由软件学习的人
can understand it. 可以理解软件；
The one who is studying a nonfree program 一个学习非自由程序的人
can't learn anything, 什么都学不到，
because the knowledge in the nonfree program 因为非自由程序中的知识
is withheld, 是隐藏的，
denied to the students. 不让学生获取的。
So, to uphold a spirit of education, 因此，为了捍卫教育精神，
the school should make sure its programs are free. 学校必须确保其程序是自由的。
But there is an even more important reason: 但是，还有一个更重要的原因：
schools should teach the spirit of goodwill, 学校应该教导善意的精神，
the habit of helping other people. 帮助别人的习惯。
So the class should say, 所以课堂上应该说，
“If you bring a program to class, “如果您带了一个程序在课堂上使用，
just as if you bring cookies to class, 就像您将曲奇带到课堂上，
you gotta share it with everyone else. 你将必须去与所有人分享它。
You can't keep it to yourself; 你不应该仅仅为你自己保留它；
you got to share the source code, 你必须分享（这个程序的）源代码，
so other people can learn. 以便于其他人可以学习。
So, don't bring any proprietary software for this class. ” 所以，不要将任何专有软件带进这个班级。”
The school has to set a good example 学校必须树立好榜样
by following its own rule; 通过遵循它自己的规则；
It should bring only free software to class, 你只能携带自由软件到课堂上，
except as a reverse engineering exercise. 除非是练习逆向工程。
Another obstacle is there's hardware we 另一个障碍是，有些硬件
we don't know how to write free software for, 我们不知道该如何为它编写自由软件，
because they won't tell us how to use the hardware. 因为他们不会告诉我们如何使用这种硬件。
That's shocking. 这太荒谬了！
They want to sell you the product, 他们想要向您出售产品，
and they won't tell you how to use it. 而不告诉你可以怎样使用它。
They say, "Here's a nonfree program you can use, 他们说，“你可以用这个非自由的程序，
run it and shut up. Don't bother us. " 运行它，然后闭嘴，不要烦我们。”
Well, how do we find out 那么，我们如何知道
how to run their hardware? 如何使用他们的硬件？
With reverse engineering. 进行逆向工程。
you gotta study all those zeros and ones 你不得不研究所有的那些 0 和 1
to figure out what they really do 以了解它们的实际作用
write down how to use that hardware, 并说明如何使用那个硬件
so someone else can write 以便于其他人可以编写
a free program to do it. 一个与之兼容的自由程序。
It's hard work, but it can be done. 这是一项艰巨的工作，但它是可以做到的。
If you wanna make 如果您想做出
a big technical contribution, 重大的技术贡献，
that's what you should do. 这就是你应该做的。
Each new area or life activity, 每一个新的领域和生活活动
can bring with it new human rights 可以带来新的人权
that are necessary, 这种人权是必要的
If you lose one, it becomes harder to maintain the others. 并且人权之间相互依赖：
if you lose one, it becomes harder to maintain the others. 失去了其中一个，会更难以维护其他的人权。
So, nowadays computing is so important in society 所以，如今，计算在社会中是如此重要
that the freedoms of free software 以至于自由软件的自由
are among the human rights that society must establish and protect. 是社会必须认可和保护的人权之一。
Thus... how to help? 那么，如何提供帮助？
Well, you can write free software. 好的，你可以编写自由软件。
You can organize groups 您可以组织团体
to campaign and persuade schools and governments 并宣传和说服学校和政府
to move to free software. 迁移到自由软件。
You can help other people when they have trouble using free software, 您可以帮助在使用自由软件上遇到问题的人，
or help them install it. 或者，您可以帮助他们进行安装。
You can say “free software”, 您可以说“自由软件”
and spread the philosophical ideas. 并传播其哲学思想。
Moving to free software is the first 迁移到自由软件
is the first step in the liberation of cyberspace. 是解放网络空间的第一步。
But, of course, we also use the Internet; 但是，当然，我们也使用互联网；
we need other freedoms there, 我们在那里需要其他自由，
like network neutrality, 例如网络中立
and putting an end to surveillance of people in general. 和终止对普通人的监视。