# LANGUAGE translation of https://www.gnu.org/licenses/license-recommendations.html # Copyright (C) YEAR Free Software Foundation, Inc. # This file is distributed under the same license as the original article. # FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. # #, fuzzy msgid "" msgstr "" "Project-Id-Version: license-recommendations.html\n" "POT-Creation-Date: 2022-01-22 18:25+0000\n" "PO-Revision-Date: YEAR-MO-DA HO:MI+ZONE\n" "Last-Translator: FULL NAME \n" "Language-Team: LANGUAGE \n" "Language: \n" "MIME-Version: 1.0\n" "Content-Type: text/plain; charset=CHARSET\n" "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" #. type: Content of: msgid "" "How to Choose a License for Your Own Work - GNU Project - Free Software " "Foundation" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><h2> msgid "How to Choose a License for Your Own Work" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "People often ask us what license we recommend they use for their project. " "We've written about this publicly before, but the information has been " "scattered around between different essays, FAQ entries, and license " "commentaries. This article collects all that information into a single " "source, to make it easier for people to follow and refer back to." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "These recommendations are for works designed to do practical jobs. Those " "include software, documentation, and some other things. Works of art, and " "works that state a point of view, are different issues; the GNU Project has " "no general stand about how they should be released, except that they should " "all be usable without nonfree software (in particular, <a " "href=\"http://defectivebydesign.org/\">without DRM</a>). However, you might " "want to follow these recommendations for art works that go with a particular " "program." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "The recommendations apply to licensing a work that you create—whether " "that's a modification of an existing work, or a new original work. They do " "not address the issue of combining existing material under different " "licenses. If you're looking for help with that, please check <a " "href=\"/licenses/gpl-faq.html\">our GPL FAQ</a>." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "After you see what we recommend here, if you'd like advice, you can write to " "<a href=\"mailto:licensing@gnu.org\"><licensing@gnu.org></a>. Note " "that it will probably take a few weeks for the licensing team to get back to " "you; if you get no response in a month, please write again." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><div><p> msgid "" "To see whether a given license is free or not, see <a " "href=\"/licenses/license-list.html\">our license list page</a> and the <a " "href=\"/philosophy/free-sw.html\">definition of free software</a>." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><h3> msgid "Contributing to an existing project" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "When you contribute to an existing project, you should usually release your " "modified versions under the same license as the original work. It's good to " "cooperate with the project's maintainers, and using a different license for " "your modifications often makes that cooperation very difficult. You should " "only do that when there is a strong reason to justify it." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "One case where using a different license can be justified is when you make " "major changes to a work under a non-copyleft license. If the version you've " "created is considerably more useful than the original, then it's worth " "copylefting your work, for all the same <a " "href=\"/licenses/copyleft.html\">reasons we normally recommend " "copyleft</a>. If you are in this situation, please follow the " "recommendations below for licensing a new project." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "If you choose to release your contributions under a different license for " "whatever reason, you must make sure that the original license allows use of " "the material under your chosen license. For honesty's sake, show explicitly " "which parts of the work are under which license." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><h3> msgid "Software" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "We recommend different licenses for different projects, depending mostly on " "the software's purpose. In general, we recommend using the strongest " "copyleft license that doesn't interfere with that purpose. Our essay " "“<a href=\"/licenses/copyleft.html\">What is Copyleft?</a>” " "explains the concept of copyleft in more detail, and why it is generally the " "best licensing strategy." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "For most programs, we recommend that you use the most recent version of the " "<a href=\"/licenses/gpl.html\">GNU General Public License (GPL)</a> for your " "project. Its strong copyleft is appropriate for all kinds of software, and " "includes numerous protections for users' freedom. To allow for future " "license upgrades, <a href=\"/licenses/identify-licenses-clearly.html\"> " "please specify “version 3 or any later version”</a> so that your " "program will be <a href=\"/licenses/license-compatibility.html\"> " "license-compatible</a> with code that may be released, in the future, under " "subsequent GPL versions." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "Here is more advice about <a href=\"/licenses/gpl-howto.html\">how to " "release a program under the GNU GPL</a>." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "Now for the exceptions, where it is better to use some other licenses " "instead of the GNU GPL." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><h4> msgid "Small programs" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "It is not worth the trouble to use copyleft for most small programs. We use " "300 lines as our benchmark: when a software package's source code is shorter " "than that, the benefits provided by copyleft are usually too small to " "justify the inconvenience of making sure a copy of the license always " "accompanies the software." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "For those programs, we recommend the <a " "href=\"https://directory.fsf.org/wiki/License:Apache2.0\">Apache License " "2.0</a>. This is a weak, lax, “pushover” (non-copyleft) " "software license that has terms to prevent contributors and distributors " "from suing for patent infringement. This doesn't make the software immune " "to threats from patents (no software license can achieve that), but it does " "prevent patent holders from setting up a “bait and switch” where " "they release the software under free terms then require recipients to agree " "to nonfree terms in a patent license." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "Among the weak (pushover) licenses, Apache 2.0 is best; so if you are going " "to use a weak license, whatever the reason, we recommend using that one." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><h4> msgid "Libraries" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "For libraries, we distinguish three kind of cases." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "Some libraries implement free data formats that are competing against " "restricted data formats, such as Ogg Vorbis (which competes against MP3 " "audio) and WebM (which competes against MPEG-4 video). The success of the " "free format requires allowing many proprietary application programs to link " "in the code to handle the format. For instance, we wanted nonfree media " "players, especially appliances, to include the code for Ogg Vorbis as well " "as MP3." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "In these special situations, if you are aiming to convince proprietary " "application developers to use the library for the free format, you would " "need to make that easy by licensing the library under a weak license, such " "as the <a href=\"https://directory.fsf.org/wiki/License:Apache2.0\">Apache " "License 2.0</a>." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "However, we must recognize that this strategy did not succeed for Ogg " "Vorbis. Even after changing the copyright license to permit easy inclusion " "of that library code in proprietary applications, proprietary developers " "generally did not include it. The sacrifice made in the choice of license " "ultimately won us little." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "For all other libraries, we recommend some kind of copyleft. If developers " "are already using an established alternative library released under a " "nonfree license or a lax pushover license, then we recommend using the <a " "href=\"/licenses/lgpl.html\">GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL)</a>." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "Unlike the first case, where the library implements an ethically superior " "standard, here adoption for its own sake will not accomplish any special " "objective goal, so there's no reason to avoid copyleft entirely. However, " "if you require developers who use your library to release their whole " "programs under copyleft, they'll simply use one of the alternatives " "available, and that won't advance our cause either. The Lesser GPL was " "designed to fill the middle ground between these cases, allowing proprietary " "software developers to use the covered library, but providing a weak " "copyleft that gives users freedom regarding the library code itself." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "For libraries that provide specialized facilities, and which do not face " "entrenched noncopylefted or nonfree competition, we recommend using the " "plain GNU GPL. For the reasons why, read “<a " "href=\"/licenses/why-not-lgpl.html\">Why you shouldn't use the Lesser GPL " "for your next library</a>.”" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><h4> msgid "Server Software" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "If it is likely that others will make improved versions of your program to " "run on servers and not distribute their versions to anyone else, and you're " "concerned that this will put your released version at a disadvantage, we " "recommend the <a href=\"/licenses/agpl.html\">GNU Affero General Public " "License (AGPL)</a>. The AGPL's terms are almost identical to the GPL's; the " "sole substantive difference is that it has an extra condition to ensure that " "people who use the software over a network will be able to get the source " "code for it." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "The AGPL's requirement doesn't address the problems that can arise <em>for " "users</em> when they entrust their computing or their data to someone else's " "server. For instance, it won't stop <a " "href=\"/philosophy/who-does-that-server-really-serve.html\">Service as a " "Software Substitute (SaaSS)</a> from denying users' freedom—but most " "servers don't do SaaSS. For more about these issues, read “<a " "href=\"/licenses/why-affero-gpl.html\">Why the Affero GPL</a>.”" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><h3> msgid "Documentation" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "We recommend the <a href=\"/licenses/fdl.html\">GNU Free Documentation " "License (GFDL)</a> for tutorials, reference manuals and other large works of " "documentation. It's a strong copyleft license for educational works, " "initially written for software manuals, and includes terms which " "specifically address common issues that arise when those works are " "distributed or modified." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "For short, secondary documentation works, such as a reference card, it is " "better to use the <a href=\"/licenses/license-list.html#GNUAllPermissive\"> " "GNU all-permissive license</a>, since a copy of the GFDL could hardly fit in " "a reference card. Don't use CC BY, since it is incompatible with the " "GFDL." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "For man pages, we recommend the GFDL if the page is long, and the <a " "href=\"/licenses/license-list.html#GNUAllPermissive\"> GNU all-permissive " "license</a> if it is short." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "Some documentation includes software source code. For instance, a manual " "for a programming language might include examples for readers to follow. " "You should both include these in the manual under the FDL's terms, and " "release them under another license that's appropriate for software. Doing " "so helps make it easy to use the code in other projects. We recommend that " "you dedicate small pieces of code to the public domain using <a " "href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0\">CC0</a>, " "and distribute larger pieces under the same license that the associated " "software project uses." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><h3> msgid "Other data for programs" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "This section discusses all other works for practical use that you might " "include with software. To give you some examples, this includes icons and " "other functional or useful graphics, fonts, and geographic data. You can " "also follow them for art, though we wouldn't criticize if you don't." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "If you are creating these works specifically for use with a software " "project, we generally recommend that you release your work under the same " "license as the software. There is no problem in doing so with the licenses " "we have recommended: GPLv3, LGPLv3, AGPLv3, and GPLv2 can all be applied to " "any kind of work—not just software—that is copyrightable and has " "a clear preferred form for modification. Using the same license as the " "software will help make compliance easier for distributors, and avoids any " "doubt about potential compatibility issues. Using a different free license " "may be appropriate if it provides some specific practical benefit, like " "better cooperation with other free projects." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "If your work is not being created for use with a particular software " "project, or if it wouldn't be appropriate to use the same license as the " "project, then we only recommend that you choose a copyleft license that's " "appropriate for your work. We have some of these <a " "href=\"/licenses/license-list.html#OtherLicenses\">listed on our license " "list</a>. If no license seems especially appropriate, the <a " "href=\"/licenses/license-list.html#ccbysa\">Creative Commons " "Attribution-ShareAlike</a> license is a copyleft that can be used for many " "different kinds of works." msgstr "" #. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes. #. type: Content of: <div> msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S NOTES*" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><div><p> msgid "" "Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to <a " "href=\"mailto:gnu@gnu.org\"><gnu@gnu.org></a>. There are also <a " "href=\"/contact/\">other ways to contact</a> the FSF. Broken links and " "other corrections or suggestions can be sent to <a " "href=\"mailto:webmasters@gnu.org\"><webmasters@gnu.org></a>." msgstr "" #. TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph, #. replace it with the translation of these two: # #. We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality #. translations. However, we are not exempt from imperfection. #. Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard #. to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org"> # #. <web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p> # #. <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of #. our web pages, see <a #. href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations #. README</a>. #. type: Content of: <div><div><p> msgid "" "Please see the <a " "href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html\">Translations README</a> " "for information on coordinating and contributing translations of this " "article." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "Copyright © 2011-2014, 2017, 2019, 2020, 2022 Free Software Foundation, " "Inc." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "This page is licensed under a <a rel=\"license\" " "href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/\">Creative Commons " "Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License</a>." msgstr "" #. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits. #. type: Content of: <div><div> msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S CREDITS*" msgstr "" #. timestamp start #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "Updated:" msgstr ""