# LANGUAGE translation of https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/boldrin-levine.html
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#. type: Content of: <title>
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"Review: Boldrin and Levine, &ldquo;The case against intellectual "
"property&rdquo; - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation"
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#. type: Content of: <div><h2>
msgid ""
"Review: Boldrin and Levine, &ldquo;The case against intellectual "
"property&rdquo;"
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#. type: Content of: <div><address>
msgid "by <a href=\"https://www.stallman.org/\">Richard Stallman</a>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"<a "
"href=\"https://www.researchgate.net/publication/4980956_The_Case_Against_Intellectual_Property\"> "
"The Case Against Intellectual Property</a>, by Boldrin and Levine, argues on "
"economic grounds that authors can make money by selling their work even in a "
"world where everyone can copy."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"You've probably heard the superficial argument that &ldquo;If the program is "
"free, you will only sell one copy.&rdquo; The obvious response is that today "
"there are companies that sell thousands of copies a month.  But this paper "
"provides another response: it shows why people who are fully aware of the "
"economic consequences of the freedom to copy would pay a high price for "
"&ldquo;the first copy.&rdquo;"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <div><p>
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"<a href=\"/philosophy/words-to-avoid.html#IntellectualProperty\">The term "
"&ldquo;intellectual property&rdquo; is biased and spreads confusion.</a> The "
"bias is easy to see&mdash;by calling copyright and patents and trademarks "
"&ldquo;property,&rdquo; it leads people to think that criticizing them is "
"&ldquo;opposing property rights.&rdquo; The confusion is less evident: by "
"lumping copyright and patents and trademarks together, it leads people to "
"treat them as one thing, to ignore their large differences and consider them "
"as a single issue in terms of their meager similarities."
msgstr ""

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"This usually means ignoring social and ethical aspects of copyrights, and "
"the different social and ethical aspects of patents, and considering both "
"copyrights and patents as a single issue in narrow economic terms.  The "
"proponents of harshly restrictive copyrights and patents then present an "
"economic argument that is so simple that it gives an appearance of being "
"irrefutable."
msgstr ""

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"I normally respond by showing the aspects of the situation that have been "
"ignored by treating the issue as a purely economic one.  Boldrin and "
"Levine's paper takes on that simple economic argument on its own terms, and "
"shows the gaps in it, gaps that the apparent simplicity tends to hide."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <div><p>
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"I believe we should continue to reject the term &ldquo;intellectual "
"property.&rdquo; We need to call attention to the non-economic aspects of "
"copyrights and the different non-economic aspects of patents.  However, "
"Boldrin and Levine's arguments will be useful for responding to people who "
"insist on narrowing their values to economics."
msgstr ""

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"The paper is addressed to economists and somewhat mathematical.  "
"Popularization of its ideas would be useful."
msgstr ""

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#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid "Copyright &copy; 2003, 2022 Richard Stallman"
msgstr ""

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