boldrin-levine.html - en to zh_CN translation catalogue (15 entries)

note: type: Content of: <title>
en: Review: Boldrin and Levine, &ldquo;The case against intellectual property&rdquo; - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation
zh_CN: 评论：Boldrin 和 Levine, &ldquo;针对知识产权的案例&rdquo; - GNU 工程 - 自由软件基金会

note: type: Content of: <div><h2>
en: Review: Boldrin and Levine, &ldquo;The case against intellectual property&rdquo;
zh_CN: 评论：Boldrin 和 Levine, &ldquo;针对知识产权的案例&rdquo;

note: type: Content of: <div><address>
en: by <a href="https://www.stallman.org/">Richard Stallman</a>
zh_CN: <a href="https://www.stallman.org/">理查德·斯托曼</a> 著

note: type: Content of: <div><p>
en: <a href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/4980956_The_Case_Against_Intellectual_Property"> The Case Against Intellectual Property</a>, by Boldrin and Levine, argues on economic grounds that authors can make money by selling their work even in a world where everyone can copy.
zh_CN: 在 Boldrin 和 Levine 所著的 <a href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/4980956_The_Case_Against_Intellectual_Property">针对知识产权的案例</a> 论文中，他们论证了由于经济原因，即使在人人可以复制的环境下，作者也可以通过销售作品挣钱。

note: type: Content of: <div><p>
en: You've probably heard the superficial argument that &ldquo;If the program is free, you will only sell one copy.&rdquo; The obvious response is that today there are companies that sell thousands of copies a month.  But this paper provides another response: it shows why people who are fully aware of the economic consequences of the freedom to copy would pay a high price for &ldquo;the first copy.&rdquo;
zh_CN: 你可能听到过这样的肤浅论点：&ldquo;如果程序是自由的，那么你将只会卖出一份拷贝&rdquo;。明显的反驳就是今天已经有公司每个月的拷贝销售量达到数千。但是这篇文章提供了另一个反驳：它展示了为什么人们会在完全知晓自由拷贝的经济结果时，还会化大价钱购买 &ldquo;第一份拷贝&rdquo;。

note: type: Content of: <div><p>
en: <a href="/philosophy/words-to-avoid.html#IntellectualProperty">The term &ldquo;intellectual property&rdquo; is biased and spreads confusion.</a> The bias is easy to see&mdash;by calling copyright and patents and trademarks &ldquo;property,&rdquo; it leads people to think that criticizing them is &ldquo;opposing property rights.&rdquo; The confusion is less evident: by lumping copyright and patents and trademarks together, it leads people to treat them as one thing, to ignore their large differences and consider them as a single issue in terms of their meager similarities.
zh_CN: <a href="/philosophy/words-to-avoid.html#IntellectualProperty">&ldquo;知识产权&rdquo; 这一术语带有偏见而且传播着令人困惑的信息。</a>其偏见很显然&mdash;&mdash;就是把版权和专利称为 &ldquo;财产&rdquo;，这使人们认为批评知识产权就是 &ldquo;反对产权&rdquo;。其迷惑性不太明显：就是把版权、专利和商标搞在一起，导致人们认为它们是一个东西并忽视它们的巨大不同，而只根据它们少量的相似而把它们作为一个问题来考虑。

note: type: Content of: <div><p>
en: This usually means ignoring social and ethical aspects of copyrights, and the different social and ethical aspects of patents, and considering both copyrights and patents as a single issue in narrow economic terms.  The proponents of harshly restrictive copyrights and patents then present an economic argument that is so simple that it gives an appearance of being irrefutable.
zh_CN: 这通常意味着忽略版权的社会与道德特点，忽略专利的社会与道德特点的不同；而只是把版权和专利当作单一的狭隘经济术语问题来考虑。这样，严格限制版权和专利的支持者所展示的经济性论点就变得非常简单而看起来无法辩驳。

note: type: Content of: <div><p>
en: I normally respond by showing the aspects of the situation that have been ignored by treating the issue as a purely economic one.  Boldrin and Levine's paper takes on that simple economic argument on its own terms, and shows the gaps in it, gaps that the apparent simplicity tends to hide.
zh_CN: 我通常的反驳是向人们展示，如果把这个问题当作一个纯粹的经济问题来看，那么它的其他特点就被忽略了。Boldrin 和 Levine 的论文使用该经济论点的自用术语，展示了其中的差别——其表面上的简单企图隐藏的差别。

note: type: Content of: <div><p>
en: I believe we should continue to reject the term &ldquo;intellectual property.&rdquo; We need to call attention to the non-economic aspects of copyrights and the different non-economic aspects of patents.  However, Boldrin and Levine's arguments will be useful for responding to people who insist on narrowing their values to economics.
zh_CN: 我相信我们应该继续拒绝 &ldquo;知识产权&rdquo; 这一术语。我们需要让大家注意版权的非经济特点和专利的非经济性不同特点。不过，Boldrin 和 Levine 的论点对反驳坚持采取狭隘经济价值的人们是有用的。

note: type: Content of: <div><p>
en: The paper is addressed to economists and somewhat mathematical.  Popularization of its ideas would be useful.
zh_CN: 该论文面对的是经济学家和部分数学家。将其中的思想变得大众化、流行化会有益处。

note: type: Content of: <div><div><p>
en: Please send general FSF &amp; GNU inquiries to <a href="mailto:gnu@gnu.org">&lt;gnu@gnu.org&gt;</a>.  There are also <a href="/contact/">other ways to contact</a> the FSF.  Broken links and other corrections or suggestions can be sent to <a href="mailto:webmasters@gnu.org">&lt;webmasters@gnu.org&gt;</a>.
zh_CN: 请将有关自由软件基金会(FSF) &amp; GNU的一般性问题发送到<a href="mailto:gnu@gnu.org">&lt;gnu@gnu.org&gt;</a>。也可以通过<a href="/contact/">其他联系方法</a>联系自由软件基金会(FSF)。有关失效链接或其他错误和建议，请发送邮件到<a href="mailto:webmasters@gnu.org">&lt;webmasters@gnu.org&gt;</a>。

note: TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph, replace it with the translation of these two: We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality translations.  However, we are not exempt from imperfection. Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard to <a hr
en: Please see the <a href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations README</a> for information on coordinating and contributing translations of this article.
zh_CN: 我们尽最大努力来提供精准和高质量的翻译，但难免会存在错误和不足。如果您在这方面有评论或一般性的建议，请发送至 <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org">&lt;web-translators@gnu.org&gt;</a>。</p><p>关于进行协调与提交翻译的更多信息参见 <a href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">《译者指南》</a>。

note: type: Content of: <div><p>
en: This page is licensed under a <a rel="license" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License</a>.
zh_CN: 本页面使用 <a rel="license" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License</a> 授权。

note: TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits. type: Content of: <div><div>
en: *GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S CREDITS*
zh_CN: <b>翻译团队</b>：<a rel="team" href="https://savannah.gnu.org/projects/www-zh-cn/">&lt;CTT&gt;</a>，2020-2022。

note: timestamp start type: Content of: <div><p>
en: Updated:
zh_CN: 最后更新：
