# LANGUAGE translation of https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/compromise.html # Copyright (C) YEAR Free Software Foundation, Inc. # This file is distributed under the same license as the original article. # FIRST AUTHOR <EMAIL@ADDRESS>, YEAR. # #, fuzzy msgid "" msgstr "" "Project-Id-Version: compromise.html\n" "POT-Creation-Date: 2021-09-11 09:55+0000\n" "PO-Revision-Date: YEAR-MO-DA HO:MI+ZONE\n" "Last-Translator: FULL NAME <EMAIL@ADDRESS>\n" "Language-Team: LANGUAGE <LL@li.org>\n" "Language: \n" "MIME-Version: 1.0\n" "Content-Type: text/plain; charset=CHARSET\n" "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" #. type: Content of: <title> msgid "Avoiding Ruinous Compromises - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><h2> msgid "Avoiding Ruinous Compromises" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><address> msgid "by Richard Stallman" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "Twenty-five years ago <a href=\"/gnu/initial-announcement.html\">on " "September 27, 1983, I announced a plan</a> to create a completely free " "operating system called GNU—for “GNU's Not Unix.” As part " "of the 25th anniversary of the GNU system, I have written this article on " "how our community can avoid ruinous compromises. In addition to avoiding " "such compromises, there are many ways you can <a href=\"/help/help.html\"> " "help GNU</a> and free software. One way is to say no to the use of a " "nonfree program or an online disservice as often as you can or <a " "href=\"/philosophy/saying-no-even-once.html\"> even once</a>." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "The free software movement aims for a social change: <a " "href=\"/philosophy/free-sw.html\">to make all software free</a> so that all " "software users are free and can be part of a community of cooperation. " "Every nonfree program gives its developer unjust power over the users. Our " "goal is to put an end to that injustice." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "The road to freedom is <a " "href=\"https://www.fsf.org/bulletin/2008/spring/the-last-mile-is-always-the-hardest/\"> " "a long road</a>. It will take many steps and many years to reach a world in " "which it is normal for software users to have freedom. Some of these steps " "are hard, and require sacrifice. Some of them become easier if we make " "compromises with people that have different goals." msgstr "" #. type: Attribute 'alt' of: <div><img> msgid " [GPL Logo] " msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "Thus, the <a href=\"https://www.fsf.org/\">Free Software Foundation</a> " "makes compromises—even major ones. For instance, we made compromises " "in the patent provisions of version 3 of the <a " "href=\"/licenses/gpl.html\">GNU General Public License</a> (GNU GPL) so that " "major companies would contribute to and distribute GPLv3-covered software " "and thus bring some patents under the effect of these provisions." msgstr "" #. type: Attribute 'alt' of: <div><img> msgid " [LGPL Logo] " msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "<a href=\"/licenses/lgpl.html\">The Lesser GPL</a>'s purpose is a " "compromise: we use it on certain chosen free libraries to permit their use " "in nonfree programs because we think that legally prohibiting this would " "only drive developers to proprietary libraries instead. We accept and " "install code in GNU programs to make them work together with common nonfree " "programs, and we document and publicize this in ways that encourage users of " "the latter to install the former, but not vice versa. We support specific " "campaigns we agree with, even when we don't fully agree with the groups " "behind them." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "But we reject certain compromises even though many others in our community " "are willing to make them. For instance, we <a " "href=\"/distros/free-system-distribution-guidelines.html\"> endorse only the " "GNU/Linux distributions</a> that have policies not to include nonfree " "software or lead users to install it. To endorse nonfree distributions " "would be a <abbr title=\"ruinous (rū'ə-nəs) adj. 1. Causing " "or apt to cause ruin; destructive. 2. Falling to ruin; dilapidated or " "decayed.\">ruinous</abbr> compromise." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "Compromises are ruinous if they would work against our aims in the long " "term. That can occur either at the level of ideas or at the level of " "actions." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "At the level of ideas, ruinous compromises are those that reinforce the " "premises we seek to change. Our goal is a world in which software users are " "free, but as yet most computer users do not even recognize freedom as an " "issue. They have taken up “consumer” values, which means they " "judge any program only on practical characteristics such as price and " "convenience." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "Dale Carnegie's classic self-help book, <cite>How to Win Friends and " "Influence People</cite>, advises that the most effective way to persuade " "someone to do something is to present arguments that appeal to per values. " "There are ways we can appeal to the consumer values typical in our society. " "For instance, free software obtained gratis can save the user money. Many " "free programs are convenient and reliable, too. Citing those practical " "benefits has succeeded in persuading many users to adopt various free " "programs, some of which are now quite successful." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "If getting more people to use some free programs is as far as you aim to go, " "you might decide to keep quiet about the concept of freedom, and focus only " "on the practical advantages that make sense in terms of consumer values. " "That's what the term “open source” and its associated rhetoric " "do." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "That approach can get us only part way to the goal of freedom. People who " "use free software only because it is convenient will stick with it only as " "long as it is more convenient. And they will see no reason not to use " "convenient proprietary programs along with it." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "The philosophy of open source presupposes and appeals to consumer values, " "and this affirms and reinforces them. That's why we <a " "href=\"/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html\">do not advocate open " "source.</a>" msgstr "" #. type: Attribute 'alt' of: <div><div><img> msgid "[Levitating Gnu with a laptop]" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "To establish a free community fully and lastingly, we need to do more than " "get people to use some free software. We need to spread the idea of judging " "software (and other things) on “citizen values,” based on " "whether it respects users' freedom and community, not just in terms of " "convenience. Then people will not fall into the trap of a proprietary " "program baited by an attractive, convenient feature." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "To promote citizen values, we have to talk about them and show how they are " "the basis of our actions. We must reject the Dale Carnegie compromise that " "would influence their actions by endorsing their consumer values." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "This is not to say we cannot cite practical advantage at all—we can " "and we do. It becomes a problem only when the practical advantage steals " "the scene and pushes freedom into the background. Therefore, when we cite " "the practical advantages of free software, we reiterate frequently that " "those are just <em>additional, secondary</em> reasons to prefer it." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "It's not enough to make our words accord with our ideals; our actions have " "to accord with them too. So we must also avoid compromises that involve " "doing or legitimizing the things we aim to stamp out." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "For instance, experience shows that you can attract some users to <a " "href=\"/gnu/why-gnu-linux.html\">GNU/Linux</a> if you include some nonfree " "programs. This could mean a cute nonfree application that will catch some " "user's eye, or a nonfree programming platform such as <a " "href=\"/philosophy/java-trap.html\">Java</a> (formerly) or the Flash runtime " "(still), or a nonfree device driver that enables support for certain " "hardware models." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "These compromises are tempting, but they undermine the goal. If you " "distribute nonfree software, or steer people towards it, you will find it " "hard to say, “Nonfree software is an injustice, a social problem, and " "we must put an end to it.” And even if you do continue to say those " "words, your actions will undermine them." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "The issue here is not whether people should be <em>able</em> or " "<em>allowed</em> to install nonfree software; a general-purpose system " "enables and allows users to do whatever they wish. The issue is whether we " "guide users towards nonfree software. What they do on their own is their " "responsibility; what we do for them, and what we direct them towards, is " "ours. We must not direct the users towards proprietary software as if it " "were a solution, because proprietary software is the problem." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "A ruinous compromise is not just a bad influence on others. It can distort " "your own values, too, through cognitive dissonance. If you have certain " "values, but your actions imply other, conflicting values, you are likely to " "change your values or your actions so as to resolve the contradiction. " "Thus, projects that argue only from practical advantages, or direct people " "toward some nonfree software, nearly always shy away from even " "<em>suggesting</em> that nonfree software is unethical. For their " "participants, as well as for the public, they reinforce consumer values. We " "must reject these compromises if we wish to keep our values straight." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "If you want to move to free software without compromising the goal of " "freedom, look at <a href=\"https://www.fsf.org/resources\">the FSF's " "resources area</a>. It lists hardware and machine configurations that work " "with free software, <a href=\"/distros/distros.html\"> totally free " "GNU/Linux distros</a> to install, and <a " "href=\"https://directory.fsf.org/\"> thousands of free software packages</a> " "that work in a 100 percent free software environment. If you want to help " "the community stay on the road to freedom, one important way is to publicly " "uphold citizen values. When people are discussing what is good or bad, or " "what to do, cite the values of freedom and community and argue from them." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "A road that lets you go faster is not better if it leads to the wrong " "place. Compromise is essential to achieve an ambitious goal, but beware of " "compromises that lead away from the goal." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "For a similar point in a different area of life, see <a " "href=\"https://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/2011/jul/19/nudge-is-not-enough-behaviour-change\"> " "“Nudge” is not enough</a>." msgstr "" #. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes. #. type: Content of: <div> msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S NOTES*" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><div><p> msgid "" "Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to <a " "href=\"mailto:gnu@gnu.org\"><gnu@gnu.org></a>. There are also <a " "href=\"/contact/\">other ways to contact</a> the FSF. Broken links and " "other corrections or suggestions can be sent to <a " "href=\"mailto:webmasters@gnu.org\"><webmasters@gnu.org></a>." msgstr "" #. TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph, #. replace it with the translation of these two: # #. We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality #. translations. However, we are not exempt from imperfection. #. Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard #. to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org"> # #. <web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p> # #. <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of #. our web pages, see <a #. href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations #. README</a>. #. type: Content of: <div><div><p> msgid "" "Please see the <a " "href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html\">Translations README</a> " "for information on coordinating and contributing translations of this " "article." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "Copyright © 2008, 2021 Richard Stallman" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "This page is licensed under a <a rel=\"license\" " "href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/\">Creative Commons " "Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License</a>." msgstr "" #. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits. #. type: Content of: <div><div> msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S CREDITS*" msgstr "" #. timestamp start #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "Updated:" msgstr ""