msgid "" "Free Software Is Even More Important Now - GNU Project - Free Software " "Foundation" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><h2> msgid "Free Software Is Even More Important Now" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><address> msgid "by <a href=\"https://www.stallman.org/\">Richard Stallman</a>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "Since 1983, the Free Software Movement has campaigned for computer users' " "freedom—for users to control the software they use, rather than vice " "versa. When a program respects users' freedom and community, we call it " "“free software.”" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "We also sometimes call it “libre software” to emphasize that " "we're talking about liberty, not price. Some proprietary (nonfree) " "programs, such as Photoshop, are very expensive; others, such as the Uber " "app, are available gratis—but that's a minor detail. Either way, they " "give the program's developer power over the users, power that no one should " "have." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><div><p> msgid "" "<em>Watch a <a " "href=\"https://www.fsf.org/blogs/rms/20140407-geneva-tedx-talk-free-software-free-society/\"> " "14-min video presentation</a> of these ideas.</em>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "Those two nonfree programs have something else in common: they are both " "<em>malware</em>. That is, both have functionalities designed to mistreat " "the user. Proprietary software nowadays is often malware because <a " "href=\"/malware\">the developers' power corrupts them</a>. That directory " "lists around 650 different malicious functionalities (as of March 2025), but " "it is surely just the tip of the iceberg." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "With free software, the users control the program, both individually and " "collectively. So they control what their computers do (assuming those " "computers are <a href=\"/philosophy/loyal-computers.html\">loyal</a> and do " "what the users' programs tell them to do)." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "With proprietary software, the program controls the users, and some other " "entity (the developer or “owner”) controls the program. So the " "proprietary program gives its developer power over its users. That is " "unjust in itself; moreover, it tempts the developer to mistreat the users in " "other ways." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "Even when proprietary software isn't downright malicious, its developers " "have an incentive to make it <a " "href=\"https://observer.com/2016/06/how-technology-hijacks-peoples-minds%E2%80%8A-%E2%80%8Afrom-a-magician-and-googles-design-ethicist/\"> " "addictive, controlling and manipulative</a>. You can say, as does the " "author of that article, that the developers have an ethical obligation not " "to do that, but generally they follow their interests. If you want this not " "to happen, make sure the program is controlled by its users." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "Freedom means having control over your own life. If you use a program to " "carry out activities in your life, your freedom depends on your having " "control over the program. You deserve to have control over the programs you " "use, and all the more so when you use them for something important in your " "life." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "Users' control over the program requires four <a " "href=\"/philosophy/free-sw.html\">essential freedoms</a>." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><div><p> msgid "(0) The freedom to run the program as you wish, for whatever purpose." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><div><p> msgid "" "(1) The freedom to study the program's “source code,” and change " "it, so the program does your computing as you wish. Programs are written by " "programmers in a programming language—like English combined with " "algebra—and that form of the program is the “source code.” " "Anyone who knows programming, and has the program in source code form, can " "read the source code, understand its functioning, and change it too. When " "all you get is the executable form, a series of numbers that are efficient " "for the computer to run but extremely hard for a human being to understand, " "understanding and changing the program in that form are forbiddingly hard." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><div><p> msgid "" "(2) The freedom to make and distribute exact copies when you wish. (It is " "not an obligation; doing this is your choice. If the program is free, that " "doesn't mean someone has an obligation to offer you a copy, or that you have " "an obligation to offer him a copy. Distributing a program to users without " "freedom mistreats them; however, choosing not to distribute the " "program—using it privately—does not mistreat anyone.)" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><div><p> msgid "" "(3) The freedom to make and distribute copies of your modified versions, " "when you wish." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "The first two freedoms mean each user can exercise individual control over " "the program. With the other two freedoms, any group of users can together " "exercise <em>collective control</em> over the program. With all four " "freedoms, the users fully control the program. If any of them is missing or " "inadequate, the program is proprietary (nonfree), and unjust." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "Other kinds of works are also used for practical activities, including " "recipes for cooking, educational works such as textbooks, reference works " "such as dictionaries and encyclopedias, fonts for displaying paragraphs of " "text, circuit diagrams for hardware for people to build, and patterns for " "making useful (not merely decorative) objects with a 3D printer. Since " "these are not software, the free software movement strictly speaking doesn't " "cover them; but the same reasoning applies and leads to the same conclusion: " "these works should carry the four freedoms." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "A free program allows you to tinker with it to make it do what you want (or " "cease to do something you dislike). Tinkering with software may sound " "ridiculous if you are accustomed to proprietary software as a sealed box, " "but in the Free World it's a common thing to do, and a good way to learn " "programming. Even the traditional American pastime of tinkering with cars " "is obstructed because cars now contain nonfree software." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><h3> msgid "The Injustice of Proprietariness" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "If the users don't control the program, the program controls the users. " "With proprietary software, there is always some entity, the developer or " "“owner” of the program, that controls the program—and " "through it, exercises power over its users. A nonfree program is a yoke, an " "instrument of unjust power." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "In outrageous cases (though this outrage has become quite usual) <a " "href=\"/malware\">proprietary programs are designed to spy on the users, " "restrict them, censor them, and abuse them</a>. For instance, the operating " "system of Apple <a " "href=\"/philosophy/why-call-it-the-swindle.html\">iThings</a> does all of " "these, and so does Windows on mobile devices with ARM chips. Windows, " "mobile phone firmware, and Google Chrome for Windows include a universal " "back door that allows some company to change the program remotely without " "asking permission. The Amazon Kindle has a back door that can erase books." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "The use of nonfree software in the “internet of things” would " "turn it into the <a " "href=\"https://archive.ieet.org/articles/rinesi20150806.html\"> " "“internet of telemarketers”</a> as well as the “internet " "of snoopers.”" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "With the goal of ending the injustice of nonfree software, the free software " "movement develops free programs so users can free themselves. We began in " "1984 by developing the free operating system <a " "href=\"/gnu/thegnuproject.html\">GNU</a>. Today, millions of computers run " "GNU, mainly in the <a href=\"/gnu/gnu-linux-faq.html\">GNU/Linux " "combination</a>." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "Distributing a program to users without freedom mistreats those users; " "however, choosing not to distribute the program does not mistreat anyone. " "If you write a program and use it privately, that does no wrong to others. " "(You do miss an opportunity to do good, but that's not the same as doing " "wrong.) Thus, when we say all software must be free, we mean that every " "copy must come with the four freedoms, but we don't mean that someone has an " "obligation to offer you a copy." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><h3> msgid "Nonfree Software and SaaSS" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "Nonfree software was the first way for companies to take control of people's " "computing. Nowadays, there is another way, called Service as a Software " "Substitute, or SaaSS. That means letting someone else's server do your own " "computing tasks." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "SaaSS doesn't mean the programs on the server are nonfree (though they often " "are). Rather, using SaaSS causes the same injustices as using a nonfree " "program: they are two paths to the same bad place. Take the example of a " "SaaSS translation service: The user sends text to the server, and the server " "translates it (from English to Spanish, say) and sends the translation back " "to the user. Now the job of translating is under the control of the server " "operator rather than the user." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "If you use SaaSS, the server operator controls your computing. It requires " "entrusting all the pertinent data to the server operator, which will be " "forced to show it to the state as well—<a " "href=\"/philosophy/who-does-that-server-really-serve.html\">who does that " "server really serve, after all?</a>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><h3> msgid "Primary And Secondary Injustices" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "When you use proprietary programs or SaaSS, first of all you do wrong to " "yourself, because it gives some entity unjust power over you. For your own " "sake, you should escape. It also wrongs others if you make a promise not to " "share. It is evil to keep such a promise, and a lesser evil to break it; to " "be truly upright, you should not make the promise at all." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "There are cases where using nonfree software puts pressure directly on " "others to do likewise. Skype is a clear example: when one person uses the " "nonfree Skype client software, it requires another person to use that " "software too—thus both surrender their freedom. (Google Hangouts have " "the same problem.) It is wrong even to suggest using such programs. We " "should refuse to use them even briefly, even on someone else's computer." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "Another harm of using nonfree programs and SaaSS is that it rewards the " "perpetrator, encouraging further development of that program or " "“service,” leading in turn to even more people falling under the " "company's thumb." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "All the forms of indirect harm are magnified when the user is a public " "entity or a school." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><h3> msgid "Free Software and the State" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "Public agencies exist for the people, not for themselves. When they do " "computing, they do it for the people. They have a duty to maintain full " "control over that computing so that they can assure it is done properly for " "the people. (This constitutes the computational sovereignty of the state.) " "They must never allow control over the state's computing to fall into " "private hands." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "To maintain control of the people's computing, public agencies must not do " "it with proprietary software (software under the control of an entity other " "than the state). And they must not entrust it to a service programmed and " "run by an entity other than the state, since this would be SaaSS." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "Proprietary software has no security at all in one crucial " "case—against its developer. And the developer may help others " "attack. <a " "href=\"https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2013/06/nsa-gets-early-access-to-zero-day-data-from-microsoft-others/\"> " "Microsoft shows Windows bugs to the NSA</a> (the US government digital " "spying agency) before fixing them. We do not know whether Apple does " "likewise, but it is under the same government pressure as Microsoft. If the " "government of any other country uses such software, it endangers national " "security. Do you want the NSA to break into your government's computers? " "See our <a href=\"/philosophy/government-free-software.html\">suggested " "policies for governments to promote free software</a>." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><h3> msgid "Free Software and Education" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "Schools (and this includes all educational activities) influence the future " "of society through what they teach. They should teach exclusively free " "software, so as to use their influence for the good. To teach a proprietary " "program is to implant dependence, which goes against the mission of " "education. By training in use of free software, schools will direct " "society's future towards freedom, and help talented programmers master the " "craft." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "They will also teach students the habit of cooperating, helping other " "people. Each class should have this rule: “Students, this class is a " "place where we share our knowledge. If you bring software to class, you may " "not keep it for yourself. Rather, you must share copies with the rest of " "the class—including the program's source code, in case someone else " "wants to learn. Therefore, bringing proprietary software to class is not " "permitted except to reverse engineer it.”" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "Proprietary developers would have us punish students who are good enough at " "heart to share software and thwart those curious enough to want to change " "it. This means a bad education. See more discussion about <a " "href=\"/education/education.html\">the use of free software in schools</a>." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><h3> msgid "Free Software: More Than “Advantages”" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "I'm often asked to describe the “advantages” of free software. " "But the word “advantages” is too weak when it comes to freedom. " "Life without freedom is oppression, and that applies to computing as well as " "every other activity in our lives. We must refuse to give the developers of " "the programs or computing services control over the computing we do. This " "is the right thing to do, for selfish reasons; but not solely for selfish " "reasons." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "Freedom includes the freedom to cooperate with others. Denying people that " "freedom means keeping them divided, which is the start of a scheme to " "oppress them. In the free software community, we are very much aware of the " "importance of the freedom to cooperate because our work consists of " "organized cooperation. If your friend comes to visit and sees you use a " "program, she might ask for a copy. A program which stops you from " "redistributing it, or says you're “not supposed to,” is " "antisocial." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "In computing, cooperation includes redistributing exact copies of a program " "to other users. It also includes distributing your changed versions to " "them. Free software encourages these forms of cooperation, while " "proprietary software forbids them. It forbids redistribution of copies, and " "by denying users the source code, it blocks them from making changes. SaaSS " "has the same effects: if your computing is done over the web in someone " "else's server, by someone else's copy of a program, you can't see it or " "touch the software that does your computing, so you can't redistribute it or " "change it." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><h3> msgid "Conclusion" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "We deserve to have control of our own computing. How can we win this " "control?" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li> msgid "" "By rejecting nonfree software on the computers we own or regularly use, and " "rejecting SaaSS." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li> msgid "" "By <a href=\"/licenses/license-recommendations.html\"> developing free " "software</a> (for those of us who are programmers.)" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li> msgid "By refusing to develop or promote nonfree software or SaaSS." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li> msgid "By <a href=\"/help/help.html\">spreading these ideas to others</a>." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li> msgid "" "By <a href=\"/philosophy/saying-no-even-once.html\">saying no and stating " "our reasons</a> when we are invited to run a nonfree program." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "We and thousands of users have done this since 1984, which is how we now " "have the free GNU/Linux operating system that anyone—programmer or " "not—can use. Join our cause, as a programmer or an activist. Let's " "make all computer users free." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><div><p> msgid "" "<a href=\"/help/help.html\">Suggested ways you can help the free software " "movement</a>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><div><p> msgid "" "A substantially edited version of this article was published in <a " "href=\"https://www.wired.com/2013/09/why-free-software-is-more-important-now-than-ever-before/\"> " "<cite>Wired</cite></a>." msgstr "" #. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes. #. type: Content of: <div> msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S NOTES*" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><div><p> msgid "" "Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to <a " "href=\"mailto:gnu@gnu.org\"><gnu@gnu.org></a>. There are also <a " "href=\"/contact/\">other ways to contact</a> the FSF. Broken links and " "other corrections or suggestions can be sent to <a " "href=\"mailto:webmasters@gnu.org\"><webmasters@gnu.org></a>." msgstr "" #. TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph, #. replace it with the translation of these two: # #. We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality #. translations. However, we are not exempt from imperfection. #. Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard #. to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org"> # #. <web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p> # #. <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of #. our web pages, see <a #. href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations #. README</a>. #. type: Content of: <div><div><p> msgid "" "Please see the <a " "href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html\">Translations README</a> " "for information on coordinating and contributing translations of this " "article." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "Copyright © 2013-2015, 2017, 2021, 2023, 2024, 2025 Richard Stallman" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "This page is licensed under a <a rel=\"license\" " "href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/\">Creative Commons " "Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License</a>." msgstr "" #. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits. #. type: Content of: <div><div> msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S CREDITS*" msgstr "" #. timestamp start #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "Updated:" msgstr ""

# LANGUAGE translation of https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html # Copyright (C) YEAR Free Software Foundation, Inc. # This file is distributed under the same license as the original article. # FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. # #, fuzzy msgid "" msgstr "" "Project-Id-Version: free-software-even-more-important.html\n" "POT-Creation-Date: 2025-03-30 09:27+0000\n" "PO-Revision-Date: YEAR-MO-DA HO:MI+ZONE\n" "Last-Translator: FULL NAME \n" "Language-Team: LANGUAGE \n" "Language: \n" "MIME-Version: 1.0\n" "Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" #. type: Content of: msgid "" "Free Software Is Even More Important Now - GNU Project - Free Software " "Foundation" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><h2> msgid "Free Software Is Even More Important Now" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><address> msgid "by <a href=\"https://www.stallman.org/\">Richard Stallman</a>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "Since 1983, the Free Software Movement has campaigned for computer users' " "freedom—for users to control the software they use, rather than vice " "versa. When a program respects users' freedom and community, we call it " "“free software.”" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "We also sometimes call it “libre software” to emphasize that " "we're talking about liberty, not price. Some proprietary (nonfree) " "programs, such as Photoshop, are very expensive; others, such as the Uber " "app, are available gratis—but that's a minor detail. Either way, they " "give the program's developer power over the users, power that no one should " "have." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><div><p> msgid "" "<em>Watch a <a " "href=\"https://www.fsf.org/blogs/rms/20140407-geneva-tedx-talk-free-software-free-society/\"> " "14-min video presentation</a> of these ideas.</em>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "Those two nonfree programs have something else in common: they are both " "<em>malware</em>. That is, both have functionalities designed to mistreat " "the user. Proprietary software nowadays is often malware because <a " "href=\"/malware\">the developers' power corrupts them</a>. That directory " "lists around 650 different malicious functionalities (as of March 2025), but " "it is surely just the tip of the iceberg." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "With free software, the users control the program, both individually and " "collectively. So they control what their computers do (assuming those " "computers are <a href=\"/philosophy/loyal-computers.html\">loyal</a> and do " "what the users' programs tell them to do)." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "With proprietary software, the program controls the users, and some other " "entity (the developer or “owner”) controls the program. So the " "proprietary program gives its developer power over its users. That is " "unjust in itself; moreover, it tempts the developer to mistreat the users in " "other ways." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "Even when proprietary software isn't downright malicious, its developers " "have an incentive to make it <a " "href=\"https://observer.com/2016/06/how-technology-hijacks-peoples-minds%E2%80%8A-%E2%80%8Afrom-a-magician-and-googles-design-ethicist/\"> " "addictive, controlling and manipulative</a>. You can say, as does the " "author of that article, that the developers have an ethical obligation not " "to do that, but generally they follow their interests. If you want this not " "to happen, make sure the program is controlled by its users." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "Freedom means having control over your own life. If you use a program to " "carry out activities in your life, your freedom depends on your having " "control over the program. You deserve to have control over the programs you " "use, and all the more so when you use them for something important in your " "life." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "Users' control over the program requires four <a " "href=\"/philosophy/free-sw.html\">essential freedoms</a>." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><div><p> msgid "(0) The freedom to run the program as you wish, for whatever purpose." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><div><p> msgid "" "(1) The freedom to study the program's “source code,” and change " "it, so the program does your computing as you wish. Programs are written by " "programmers in a programming language—like English combined with " "algebra—and that form of the program is the “source code.” " "Anyone who knows programming, and has the program in source code form, can " "read the source code, understand its functioning, and change it too. When " "all you get is the executable form, a series of numbers that are efficient " "for the computer to run but extremely hard for a human being to understand, " "understanding and changing the program in that form are forbiddingly hard." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><div><p> msgid "" "(2) The freedom to make and distribute exact copies when you wish. (It is " "not an obligation; doing this is your choice. If the program is free, that " "doesn't mean someone has an obligation to offer you a copy, or that you have " "an obligation to offer him a copy. Distributing a program to users without " "freedom mistreats them; however, choosing not to distribute the " "program—using it privately—does not mistreat anyone.)" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><div><p> msgid "" "(3) The freedom to make and distribute copies of your modified versions, " "when you wish." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "The first two freedoms mean each user can exercise individual control over " "the program. With the other two freedoms, any group of users can together " "exercise <em>collective control</em> over the program. With all four " "freedoms, the users fully control the program. If any of them is missing or " "inadequate, the program is proprietary (nonfree), and unjust." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "Other kinds of works are also used for practical activities, including " "recipes for cooking, educational works such as textbooks, reference works " "such as dictionaries and encyclopedias, fonts for displaying paragraphs of " "text, circuit diagrams for hardware for people to build, and patterns for " "making useful (not merely decorative) objects with a 3D printer. Since " "these are not software, the free software movement strictly speaking doesn't " "cover them; but the same reasoning applies and leads to the same conclusion: " "these works should carry the four freedoms." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "A free program allows you to tinker with it to make it do what you want (or " "cease to do something you dislike). Tinkering with software may sound " "ridiculous if you are accustomed to proprietary software as a sealed box, " "but in the Free World it's a common thing to do, and a good way to learn " "programming. Even the traditional American pastime of tinkering with cars " "is obstructed because cars now contain nonfree software." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><h3> msgid "The Injustice of Proprietariness" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "If the users don't control the program, the program controls the users. " "With proprietary software, there is always some entity, the developer or " "“owner” of the program, that controls the program—and " "through it, exercises power over its users. A nonfree program is a yoke, an " "instrument of unjust power." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "In outrageous cases (though this outrage has become quite usual) <a " "href=\"/malware\">proprietary programs are designed to spy on the users, " "restrict them, censor them, and abuse them</a>. For instance, the operating " "system of Apple <a " "href=\"/philosophy/why-call-it-the-swindle.html\">iThings</a> does all of " "these, and so does Windows on mobile devices with ARM chips. Windows, " "mobile phone firmware, and Google Chrome for Windows include a universal " "back door that allows some company to change the program remotely without " "asking permission. The Amazon Kindle has a back door that can erase books." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "The use of nonfree software in the “internet of things” would " "turn it into the <a " "href=\"https://archive.ieet.org/articles/rinesi20150806.html\"> " "“internet of telemarketers”</a> as well as the “internet " "of snoopers.”" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "With the goal of ending the injustice of nonfree software, the free software " "movement develops free programs so users can free themselves. We began in " "1984 by developing the free operating system <a " "href=\"/gnu/thegnuproject.html\">GNU</a>. Today, millions of computers run " "GNU, mainly in the <a href=\"/gnu/gnu-linux-faq.html\">GNU/Linux " "combination</a>." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "Distributing a program to users without freedom mistreats those users; " "however, choosing not to distribute the program does not mistreat anyone. " "If you write a program and use it privately, that does no wrong to others. " "(You do miss an opportunity to do good, but that's not the same as doing " "wrong.) Thus, when we say all software must be free, we mean that every " "copy must come with the four freedoms, but we don't mean that someone has an " "obligation to offer you a copy." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><h3> msgid "Nonfree Software and SaaSS" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "Nonfree software was the first way for companies to take control of people's " "computing. Nowadays, there is another way, called Service as a Software " "Substitute, or SaaSS. That means letting someone else's server do your own " "computing tasks." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "SaaSS doesn't mean the programs on the server are nonfree (though they often " "are). Rather, using SaaSS causes the same injustices as using a nonfree " "program: they are two paths to the same bad place. Take the example of a " "SaaSS translation service: The user sends text to the server, and the server " "translates it (from English to Spanish, say) and sends the translation back " "to the user. Now the job of translating is under the control of the server " "operator rather than the user." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "If you use SaaSS, the server operator controls your computing. It requires " "entrusting all the pertinent data to the server operator, which will be " "forced to show it to the state as well—<a " "href=\"/philosophy/who-does-that-server-really-serve.html\">who does that " "server really serve, after all?</a>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><h3> msgid "Primary And Secondary Injustices" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "When you use proprietary programs or SaaSS, first of all you do wrong to " "yourself, because it gives some entity unjust power over you. For your own " "sake, you should escape. It also wrongs others if you make a promise not to " "share. It is evil to keep such a promise, and a lesser evil to break it; to " "be truly upright, you should not make the promise at all." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "There are cases where using nonfree software puts pressure directly on " "others to do likewise. Skype is a clear example: when one person uses the " "nonfree Skype client software, it requires another person to use that " "software too—thus both surrender their freedom. (Google Hangouts have " "the same problem.) It is wrong even to suggest using such programs. We " "should refuse to use them even briefly, even on someone else's computer." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "Another harm of using nonfree programs and SaaSS is that it rewards the " "perpetrator, encouraging further development of that program or " "“service,” leading in turn to even more people falling under the " "company's thumb." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "All the forms of indirect harm are magnified when the user is a public " "entity or a school." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><h3> msgid "Free Software and the State" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "Public agencies exist for the people, not for themselves. When they do " "computing, they do it for the people. They have a duty to maintain full " "control over that computing so that they can assure it is done properly for " "the people. (This constitutes the computational sovereignty of the state.) " "They must never allow control over the state's computing to fall into " "private hands." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "To maintain control of the people's computing, public agencies must not do " "it with proprietary software (software under the control of an entity other " "than the state). And they must not entrust it to a service programmed and " "run by an entity other than the state, since this would be SaaSS." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "Proprietary software has no security at all in one crucial " "case—against its developer. And the developer may help others " "attack. <a " "href=\"https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2013/06/nsa-gets-early-access-to-zero-day-data-from-microsoft-others/\"> " "Microsoft shows Windows bugs to the NSA</a> (the US government digital " "spying agency) before fixing them. We do not know whether Apple does " "likewise, but it is under the same government pressure as Microsoft. If the " "government of any other country uses such software, it endangers national " "security. Do you want the NSA to break into your government's computers? " "See our <a href=\"/philosophy/government-free-software.html\">suggested " "policies for governments to promote free software</a>." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><h3> msgid "Free Software and Education" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "Schools (and this includes all educational activities) influence the future " "of society through what they teach. They should teach exclusively free " "software, so as to use their influence for the good. To teach a proprietary " "program is to implant dependence, which goes against the mission of " "education. By training in use of free software, schools will direct " "society's future towards freedom, and help talented programmers master the " "craft." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "They will also teach students the habit of cooperating, helping other " "people. Each class should have this rule: “Students, this class is a " "place where we share our knowledge. If you bring software to class, you may " "not keep it for yourself. Rather, you must share copies with the rest of " "the class—including the program's source code, in case someone else " "wants to learn. Therefore, bringing proprietary software to class is not " "permitted except to reverse engineer it.”" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "Proprietary developers would have us punish students who are good enough at " "heart to share software and thwart those curious enough to want to change " "it. This means a bad education. See more discussion about <a " "href=\"/education/education.html\">the use of free software in schools</a>." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><h3> msgid "Free Software: More Than “Advantages”" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "I'm often asked to describe the “advantages” of free software. " "But the word “advantages” is too weak when it comes to freedom. " "Life without freedom is oppression, and that applies to computing as well as " "every other activity in our lives. We must refuse to give the developers of " "the programs or computing services control over the computing we do. This " "is the right thing to do, for selfish reasons; but not solely for selfish " "reasons." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "Freedom includes the freedom to cooperate with others. Denying people that " "freedom means keeping them divided, which is the start of a scheme to " "oppress them. In the free software community, we are very much aware of the " "importance of the freedom to cooperate because our work consists of " "organized cooperation. If your friend comes to visit and sees you use a " "program, she might ask for a copy. A program which stops you from " "redistributing it, or says you're “not supposed to,” is " "antisocial." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "In computing, cooperation includes redistributing exact copies of a program " "to other users. It also includes distributing your changed versions to " "them. Free software encourages these forms of cooperation, while " "proprietary software forbids them. It forbids redistribution of copies, and " "by denying users the source code, it blocks them from making changes. SaaSS " "has the same effects: if your computing is done over the web in someone " "else's server, by someone else's copy of a program, you can't see it or " "touch the software that does your computing, so you can't redistribute it or " "change it." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><h3> msgid "Conclusion" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "We deserve to have control of our own computing. How can we win this " "control?" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li> msgid "" "By rejecting nonfree software on the computers we own or regularly use, and " "rejecting SaaSS." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li> msgid "" "By <a href=\"/licenses/license-recommendations.html\"> developing free " "software</a> (for those of us who are programmers.)" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li> msgid "By refusing to develop or promote nonfree software or SaaSS." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li> msgid "By <a href=\"/help/help.html\">spreading these ideas to others</a>." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li> msgid "" "By <a href=\"/philosophy/saying-no-even-once.html\">saying no and stating " "our reasons</a> when we are invited to run a nonfree program." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "We and thousands of users have done this since 1984, which is how we now " "have the free GNU/Linux operating system that anyone—programmer or " "not—can use. Join our cause, as a programmer or an activist. Let's " "make all computer users free." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><div><p> msgid "" "<a href=\"/help/help.html\">Suggested ways you can help the free software " "movement</a>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><div><p> msgid "" "A substantially edited version of this article was published in <a " "href=\"https://www.wired.com/2013/09/why-free-software-is-more-important-now-than-ever-before/\"> " "<cite>Wired</cite></a>." msgstr "" #. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes. #. type: Content of: <div> msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S NOTES*" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><div><p> msgid "" "Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to <a " "href=\"mailto:gnu@gnu.org\"><gnu@gnu.org></a>. There are also <a " "href=\"/contact/\">other ways to contact</a> the FSF. Broken links and " "other corrections or suggestions can be sent to <a " "href=\"mailto:webmasters@gnu.org\"><webmasters@gnu.org></a>." msgstr "" #. TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph, #. replace it with the translation of these two: # #. We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality #. translations. However, we are not exempt from imperfection. #. Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard #. to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org"> # #. <web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p> # #. <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of #. our web pages, see <a #. href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations #. README</a>. #. type: Content of: <div><div><p> msgid "" "Please see the <a " "href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html\">Translations README</a> " "for information on coordinating and contributing translations of this " "article." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "Copyright © 2013-2015, 2017, 2021, 2023, 2024, 2025 Richard Stallman" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "This page is licensed under a <a rel=\"license\" " "href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/\">Creative Commons " "Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License</a>." msgstr "" #. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits. #. type: Content of: <div><div> msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S CREDITS*" msgstr "" #. timestamp start #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "Updated:" msgstr ""