# LANGUAGE translation of https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-software-rocket.html # Copyright (C) YEAR Free Software Foundation, Inc. # This file is distributed under the same license as the original article. # FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. # #, fuzzy msgid "" msgstr "" "Project-Id-Version: free-software-rocket.html\n" "POT-Creation-Date: 2021-09-14 16:26+0000\n" "PO-Revision-Date: YEAR-MO-DA HO:MI+ZONE\n" "Last-Translator: FULL NAME \n" "Language-Team: LANGUAGE \n" "Language: \n" "MIME-Version: 1.0\n" "Content-Type: text/plain; charset=CHARSET\n" "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" #. type: Content of: msgid "" "Should Rockets Have Only Free Software? Free Software and Appliances - GNU " "Project - Free Software Foundation" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><h2> msgid "Should Rockets Have Only Free Software? Free Software and Appliances" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><address> msgid "by Richard Stallman" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "Could there be a rocket that is totally free software? Should we demand that " "SpaceX liberate the software in its satellite launching rockets? I don't " "think the person who asked me this was serious, but answering that question " "may illuminate similar issues about the sorts of products people really buy " "today." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "As far as I know, software as such is not capable of generating thrust. A " "rocket is necessarily principally a physical device, so it can't literally " "<em>be</em> free software. But it may include computerized control and " "telemetry systems, and thus software." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "If someone offered to sell me a rocket, I would treat it like any other " "appliance. Consider, for instance, a thermostat. If it contains software " "to be modified, all the software in it needs to be free, and I alone should " "have the authority to decide whether to install some change. If, however, " "the software in it is not meant ever to be altered, and it communicates " "<em>only</em> through some limited interface, such as buttons on the control " "panel, a TV remote control, or a USB interface with a fixed set of commands, " "I would not consider it crucial to know what is inside the thermostat: " "whether it contains a special-purpose chip, or a processor running code, " "makes no direct difference to me as user. If it does contain code, it might " "as well have a special chip instead, so I don't need to care which it is." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "I would object if that thermostat sent someone data about my activities, " "regardless of how that was implemented. Once again, special chip or special " "code makes no direct difference. Free software in it could give me a way to " "turn off the surveillance, but that is not the only way. Another is by " "disconnecting its digital communication antennas, or switching them off." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "If the rocket contains software, releasing that as free software can be a " "contribution to the community, and we should appreciate that " "contribution—but that is a different issue. Such release also makes " "it possible for people who have bought the rockets to work on improving the " "software in them, though the irreversible nature of many rocket failures may " "discourage tinkering." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "Readers have pointed out that SpaceX has received <a " "href=\"https://www.theverge.com/2019/6/18/18683455/nasa-space-angels-contracts-government-investment-spacex-air-force\">important " "financial support from the US government</a> to develop its rockets. By " "rights, accepting this support should require SpaceX to release the rocket " "software under a free license, even if it uses that software only inside its " "own rockets." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "Given the experience of Tesla cars, which are full of surveillance and " "tracking malware that Tesla can change but the owner can't, I suppose SpaceX " "rockets have that too. If someday rockets are sold like today's cars and " "tractors, <a " "href=\"/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html\">software in them " "would be unjust</a>, and it would <a " "href=\"/proprietary/proprietary.html\">probably be malware</a>. If the " "manufacturer could install modified software in it but the owner could not, " "that too would be unjust. People are starting to recognize this: look at " "the right-to-repair movement, which demands only the beginning of these " "freedoms (much less than freeing the car's software) and nonetheless faces a " "hard fight." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "However, I don't think SpaceX sells rockets; I think it provides the service " "of launching payloads in its own rockets. That makes the issue totally " "different: if you are a customer, you're not operating the rocket; SpaceX is " "doing that." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "The rocket that SpaceX uses is not like your own car or van, or even a car " "or van leased to you. Rather, it's comparable to a moving company's van " "that is, for the moment, transporting your books and furniture to your " "specified destination. It is the moving company that deserves control over " "the software in that van—not the customer of the moment." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "It makes sense to treat the job of transporting your things to Outer " "Mongolia, or to outer space, as a service because the job is mostly " "self-contained and mostly independent of the customer (“mostly” " "does not mean “absolutely” or “100%”), so the " "instructions for the job are simple (take these boxes to address A by date " "D)." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "If SpaceX has released the rocket software under a free license, that would " "give you the right to make, use and distribute modified versions, but would " "not give you the right to modify the code running in SpaceX's rocket." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "But there is a kind of activity which a hypothetical future spaceship might " "do, which should never be treated as a service: private computational " "activity. That's because a private computational activity is exactly what " "you could do on your own computer in freedom, given suitable free software." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "When a program's task is to do computing for you, you are entitled to demand " "control over what it does and how, not just that it obey your orders as it " "interprets them. You are entitled, in other words, to use your own copy of " "a free program, running on a computer you control." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "No wonder there are companies that would like you to cede control over your " "computing activities to them, by labeling those activities as " "“services” to be done on their servers with programs that they " "control. Even things as minutely directed by the user as text editing! This " "is a scheme to get you to substitute their power for your freedom. We call " "that “Service as a Software Substitute,” SaaSS for short (see " "“<a href=\"/philosophy/who-does-that-server-really-serve.html\">Who " "does that server really serve?</a>”), and we reject it." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "For instance, imagine a hypothetical SpaceX Smart Spaceship, which as a " "“service” wants to know all about your business so SpaceX " "servers can decide for you what cargoes to buy and sell on which planets. " "That planning service would be SaaSS—therefore a dis-service. Instead " "of using that dis-service, you should do that planning with your copy of " "free software on your own computer." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "SpaceX and others could then legitimately offer you the non-computational " "service of transporting cargoes, and you could use it sometimes; or you " "could choose some other method, perhaps to buy a spaceship and operate it " "yourself." msgstr "" #. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes. #. type: Content of: <div> msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S NOTES*" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><div><p> msgid "" "Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to <a " "href=\"mailto:gnu@gnu.org\"><gnu@gnu.org></a>. There are also <a " "href=\"/contact/\">other ways to contact</a> the FSF. Broken links and " "other corrections or suggestions can be sent to <a " "href=\"mailto:webmasters@gnu.org\"><webmasters@gnu.org></a>." msgstr "" #. TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph, #. replace it with the translation of these two: # #. We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality #. translations. However, we are not exempt from imperfection. #. Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard #. to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org"> # #. <web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p> # #. <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of #. our web pages, see <a #. href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations #. README</a>. #. type: Content of: <div><div><p> msgid "" "Please see the <a " "href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html\">Translations README</a> " "for information on coordinating and contributing translations of this " "article." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "Copyright © 2020, 2021 Richard Stallman" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "This page is licensed under a <a rel=\"license\" " "href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/\">Creative Commons " "Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License</a>." msgstr "" #. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits. #. type: Content of: <div><div> msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S CREDITS*" msgstr "" #. timestamp start #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "Updated:" msgstr ""