# LANGUAGE translation of https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/freedom-or-copyright-old.html # Copyright (C) YEAR Free Software Foundation, Inc. # This file is distributed under the same license as the original article. # FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. # #, fuzzy msgid "" msgstr "" "Project-Id-Version: freedom-or-copyright-old.html\n" "POT-Creation-Date: 2021-09-16 16:58+0000\n" "PO-Revision-Date: YEAR-MO-DA HO:MI+ZONE\n" "Last-Translator: FULL NAME \n" "Language-Team: LANGUAGE \n" "Language: \n" "MIME-Version: 1.0\n" "Content-Type: text/plain; charset=CHARSET\n" "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" #. type: Content of: msgid "" "Freedom—or Copyright? (Old Version) - GNU Project - Free Software " "Foundation" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><h2> msgid "Freedom—or Copyright? (Old Version)" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><address> msgid "by Richard Stallman" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><div><p> msgid "" "There is an <a href=\"/philosophy/freedom-or-copyright.html\"> updated " "version</a> of this article." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><div><p> msgid "" "The brave new world of e-books: no more used book stores, no more lending a " "book to your friend, no more borrowing one from the public library, no " "purchasing a book except with a credit card that identifies what you read. " "Even reading an e-book without authorization is a crime." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "Once upon a time, in the age of the printing press, an industrial regulation " "was established for the business of writing and publishing. It was called " "copyright. Copyright's purpose was to encourage the publication of a " "diversity of written works. Copyright's method was to make publishers get " "permission from authors to reprint recent writings." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "Ordinary readers had little reason to disapprove, since copyright restricted " "only publication, not the things a reader could do. If it raised the price " "of a book a small amount, that was only money. Copyright provided a public " "benefit, as intended, with little burden on the public. It did its job " "well—back then." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "Then a new way of distributing information came about: computers and " "networks. The advantage of digital information technology is that it " "facilitates copying and manipulating information, including software, " "musical recordings and books. Networks offered the possibility of unlimited " "access to all sorts of data—an information utopia." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "But one obstacle stood in the way: copyright. Readers who made use of their " "computers to share published information were technically copyright " "infringers. The world had changed, and what was once an industrial " "regulation on publishers had become a restriction on the public it was meant " "to serve." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "In a democracy, a law that prohibits a popular, natural and useful activity " "is usually soon relaxed. But the powerful publishers' lobby was determined " "to prevent the public from taking advantage of the power of their computers, " "and found copyright a suitable weapon. Under their influence, rather than " "relaxing copyright to suit the new circumstances, governments made it " "stricter than ever, imposing harsh penalties on readers caught sharing." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "But that wasn't the last of it. Computers can be powerful tools of " "domination when a few people control what other people's computers do. The " "publishers realized that by forcing people to use specially designated " "software to watch videos and read e-books, they can gain unprecedented " "power: they can compel readers to pay, and identify themselves, every time " "they read a book!" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "That is the publishers' dream, and they prevailed upon the U.S. government " "to enact the Digital Millennium Copyright Act of 1998. This law gives them " "total legal power over almost anything a reader might do with an e-book, as " "long as they publish the book in encrypted form. Even reading the book " "without authorization is a crime." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "We still have the same old freedoms in using paper books. But if e-books " "replace printed books, that exception will do little good. With " "“electronic ink,” which makes it possible to download new text " "onto an apparently printed piece of paper, even newspapers could become " "ephemeral. Imagine: no more used book stores; no more lending a book to your " "friend; no more borrowing one from the public library—no more " "“leaks” that might give someone a chance to read without " "paying. (And judging from the ads for Microsoft Reader, no more anonymous " "purchasing of books either.) This is the world publishers have in mind for " "us." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "Why is there so little public debate about these momentous changes? Most " "citizens have not yet had occasion to come to grips with the political " "issues raised by this futuristic technology. Besides, the public has been " "taught that copyright exists to “protect” the copyright holders, " "with the implication that the public's interests do not count. (The biased " "term “<a href=\"/philosophy/not-ipr.html\">intellectual " "property</a>” also promotes that view; in addition, it encourages the " "mistake of trying to treat several laws that are almost totally " "different—such as copyright law and patent law—as if they were a " "single issue.)" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "But when the public at large begins to use e-books, and discovers the regime " "that the publishers have prepared for them, they will begin to " "resist. Humanity will not accept this yoke forever." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "The publishers would have us believe that suppressive copyright is the only " "way to keep art alive, but we do not need a War on Copying to encourage a " "diversity of published works; as the Grateful Dead showed, private copying " "among fans is not necessarily a problem for artists. (In 2007, Radiohead " "made millions by inviting fans to copy an album and pay whatever amount they " "wish; a few years before, Stephen King got hundreds of thousands for an " "e-book which people could copy.) By legalizing the copying of e-books among " "friends, we can turn copyright back into the industrial regulation it once " "was." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "For some kinds of writing, we should go even further. For scholarly papers " "and monographs, everyone should be encouraged to republish them verbatim " "online; this helps protect the scholarly record while making it more " "accessible. For textbooks and most reference works, publication of modified " "versions should be allowed as well, since that encourages improvement." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "Eventually, when computer networks provide an easy way to send someone a " "small amount of money, the whole rationale for restricting verbatim copying " "will go away. If you like a book, and a box pops up on your computer saying " "“Click here to give the author one dollar,” wouldn't you click? " "Copyright for books and music, as it applies to distributing verbatim " "unmodified copies, will be entirely obsolete. And not a moment too soon!" msgstr "" #. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes. #. type: Content of: <div> msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S NOTES*" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><div><p> msgid "" "Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to <a " "href=\"mailto:gnu@gnu.org\"><gnu@gnu.org></a>. There are also <a " "href=\"/contact/\">other ways to contact</a> the FSF. Broken links and " "other corrections or suggestions can be sent to <a " "href=\"mailto:webmasters@gnu.org\"><webmasters@gnu.org></a>." msgstr "" #. TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph, #. replace it with the translation of these two: # #. We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality #. translations. However, we are not exempt from imperfection. #. Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard #. to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org"> # #. <web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p> # #. <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of #. our web pages, see <a #. href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations #. README</a>. #. type: Content of: <div><div><p> msgid "" "Please see the <a " "href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html\">Translations README</a> " "for information on coordinating and contributing translations of this " "article." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "Copyright © 1999, 2021 Richard Stallman" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "This page is licensed under a <a rel=\"license\" " "href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/\">Creative Commons " "Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License</a>." msgstr "" #. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits. #. type: Content of: <div><div> msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S CREDITS*" msgstr "" #. timestamp start #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "Updated:" msgstr ""