# LANGUAGE translation of https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/freedom-or-power.html # Copyright (C) YEAR Free Software Foundation, Inc. # This file is distributed under the same license as the original article. # FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. # #, fuzzy msgid "" msgstr "" "Project-Id-Version: freedom-or-power.html\n" "POT-Creation-Date: 2021-09-05 08:26+0000\n" "PO-Revision-Date: YEAR-MO-DA HO:MI+ZONE\n" "Last-Translator: FULL NAME \n" "Language-Team: LANGUAGE \n" "Language: \n" "MIME-Version: 1.0\n" "Content-Type: text/plain; charset=CHARSET\n" "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" #. type: Content of: msgid "Freedom Or Power? - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation" msgstr "" #. type: Attribute 'content' of: <meta> msgid "" "GNU, FSF, Free Software Foundation, Linux, general, public, license, gpl, " "general public license, freedom, software, power, rights" msgstr "" #. type: Attribute 'content' of: <meta> msgid "" "In this essay, Freedom or Power?, Bradley M. Kuhn and Richard M. Stallman " "discuss the reasons that the free software movement doesn't advocate the " "so-called freedom to choose any license you want for software you write." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><h2> msgid "Freedom or Power?" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><address> msgid "by Bradley M. Kuhn and Richard M. Stallman" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><blockquote><p> msgid "" "The love of liberty is the love of others; the love of power is the love of " "ourselves. —<i>William Hazlitt</i>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "In the free software movement, we stand for freedom for the users of " "software. We formulated our views by looking at what freedoms are necessary " "for a good way of life, and permit useful programs to foster a community of " "goodwill, cooperation, and collaboration. <a " "href=\"/philosophy/free-sw.html\">Our criteria for free software</a> specify " "the freedoms that a program's users need so that they can cooperate in a " "community." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "We stand for freedom for programmers as well as for other users. Most of us " "are programmers, and we want freedom for ourselves as well as for you. But " "each of us uses software written by others, and we want freedom when using " "that software, not just when using our own code. We stand for freedom for " "all users, whether they program often, occasionally, or not at all." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "However, one so-called freedom that we do not advocate is the “freedom " "to choose any license you want for software you write.” We reject this " "because it is really a form of power, not a freedom." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "This oft overlooked distinction is crucial. Freedom is being able to make " "decisions that affect mainly you; power is being able to make decisions that " "affect others more than you. If we confuse power with freedom, we will fail " "to uphold real freedom." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "Making a program proprietary is an exercise of power. Copyright law today " "grants software developers that power, so they and only they choose the " "rules to impose on everyone else—a relatively small number of people " "make the basic software decisions for all users, typically by denying their " "freedom. When users lack the freedoms that define free software, they can't " "tell what the software is doing, can't check for back doors, can't monitor " "possible viruses and worms, can't find out what personal information is " "being reported (or stop the reports, even if they do find out). If it " "breaks, they can't fix it; they have to wait for the developer to exercise " "its power to do so. If it simply isn't quite what they need, they are stuck " "with it. They can't help each other improve it." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "Proprietary software developers are often businesses. We in the free " "software movement are not opposed to business, but we have seen what happens " "when a software business has the “freedom” to impose arbitrary " "rules on the users of software. Microsoft is an egregious example of how " "denying users' freedoms can lead to direct harm, but it is not the only " "example. Even when there is no monopoly, proprietary software harms " "society. A choice of masters is not freedom." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "Discussions of rights and rules for software have often concentrated on the " "interests of programmers alone. Few people in the world program regularly, " "and fewer still are owners of proprietary software businesses. But most of " "humanity now uses computers (specifically, smartphones) and thus uses " "software, so software developers now control the way they live, do business, " "communicate, and are entertained. The ethical and political issues are not " "addressed by the slogan of “freedom of choice (for developers " "only).”" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "If “code is law,” <a href=\"#f1\">(1)</a> then the real question " "we face is: who should control the code you use—you, or an elite few? " "We believe you are entitled to control the software you use, and giving you " "that control is the goal of free software." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "We believe you should decide what to do with the software you use; however, " "that is not what today's law says. Current copyright law places us in the " "position of power over users of our code, whether we like it or not. The " "ethical response to this situation is to proclaim freedom for each user, " "just as the Bill of Rights was supposed to exercise government power by " "guaranteeing each citizen's freedoms. That is what the <a " "href=\"/licenses/copyleft.html\">GNU General Public License</a> is for: it " "puts you in control of your usage of the software while <a " "href=\"/philosophy/why-copyleft.html\">protecting you from others</a> who " "would like to take control of your decisions." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "As more and more users realize that code is law, and come to feel that they " "too deserve freedom, they will see the importance of the freedoms we stand " "for, just as more and more users have come to appreciate the practical value " "of the free software we have developed." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><h3> msgid "Footnote" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><ol><li> msgid "" "William J. Mitchell, <cite>City of Bits: Space, Place, and the " "Infobahn</cite> (Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 1995), p. 111, as quoted by " "Lawrence Lessig in <cite>Code and Other Laws of Cyberspace, Version " "2.0</cite> (New York, NY: Basic Books, 2006), p. 5." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><div><p> msgid "" "This essay is published in <a " "href=\"https://shop.fsf.org/product/free-software-free-society/\"><cite>Free " "Software, Free Society: The Selected Essays of Richard " "M. Stallman</cite></a>." msgstr "" #. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes. #. type: Content of: <div> msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S NOTES*" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><div><p> msgid "" "Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to <a " "href=\"mailto:gnu@gnu.org\"><gnu@gnu.org></a>. There are also <a " "href=\"/contact/\">other ways to contact</a> the FSF. Broken links and " "other corrections or suggestions can be sent to <a " "href=\"mailto:webmasters@gnu.org\"><webmasters@gnu.org></a>." msgstr "" #. TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph, #. replace it with the translation of these two: # #. We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality #. translations. However, we are not exempt from imperfection. #. Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard #. to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org"> # #. <web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p> # #. <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of #. our web pages, see <a #. href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations #. README</a>. #. type: Content of: <div><div><p> msgid "" "Please see the <a " "href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html\">Translations README</a> " "for information on coordinating and contributing translations of this " "article." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "Copyright © 2001, 2009, 2021 Bradley M. Kuhn and Richard M. Stallman" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "Verbatim copying and distribution of this entire article is permitted " "without royalty in any medium, provided this notice is preserved." msgstr "" #. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits. #. type: Content of: <div><div> msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S CREDITS*" msgstr "" #. timestamp start #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "Updated:" msgstr ""