msgid "" "Why There Are No GIF Files on GNU Web Pages - GNU Project - Free Software " "Foundation" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><h2> msgid "Why There Are No GIF Files on GNU Web Pages" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><div><p> msgid "" "<em>There is no special patent threat to GIF format nowadays as far as we " "know; <a href=\"#venuenote\">the patents that were used to attack GIF have " "expired</a>. Nonetheless, this article will remain pertinent as long as " "programs can be forbidden by patents, since the same sorts of things could " "happen in any area of computing. See <a " "href=\"/server/standards/gnu-website-guidelines.html#UseofGraphics\">our " "website policies regarding GIFs</a>.</em>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "There are no GIFs on the GNU web site because of the patents (Unisys and " "IBM) covering the LZW compression algorithm which is used in making GIF " "files. These patents make it impossible to have free software to generate " "proper GIFs. They also apply to the <strong>compress</strong> program, " "which is why GNU does not use it or its format." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "Unisys and IBM both applied for patents in 1983. Unisys (and perhaps IBM) " "applied for these patents in a number of countries. Of the places whose " "patent databases we were able to search, the latest expiration date seems to " "be 1 October 2006 <a class=\"ftn\" href=\"#venuenote\">[1]</a>. Until " "then, anyone who releases a free program for making GIF files is likely to " "be sued. We don't know any reason to think that the patent owners would " "lose these lawsuits." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "If we released such a program, Unisys and IBM might think it wiser (for " "public relations reasons) not to sue a charity like the FSF. They could " "instead sue the users of the program, including the companies who " "redistribute GNU software. We feel it would not be responsible behavior for " "us to set up this situation." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "Many people think that Unisys has given permission for distributing free " "software to make GIF format. Unfortunately that is not what Unisys has " "actually done. Here is what Unisys actually said about the matter in 1995:" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><blockquote><p> msgid "" "Unisys does not require licensing, or fees to be paid, for non-commercial, " "non-profit GIF-based applications, including those for use on the on-line " "services. Concerning developers of software for the Internet network, the " "same principle applies. Unisys will not pursue previous inadvertent " "infringement by developers producing versions of software products for the " "Internet prior to 1995. The company does not require licensing, or fees to " "be paid for non-commercial, non-profit offerings on the Internet, including " "“Freeware.”" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "Unfortunately, this doesn't permit <a href=\"/philosophy/free-sw.html\">free " "software</a> which can be used in a free operating system such as GNU. It " "also does not permit <em>at all</em> the use of LZW for other purposes such " "as compression of files. This is why we think it is still best to reject " "LZW, and switch to alternatives such as <a " "href=\"/software/gzip/gzip.html\">GNU Gzip</a> and PNG." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "<a href=\"/philosophy/selling.html\">Commercial redistribution of free " "software</a> is very important, and we want the GNU system as a whole to be " "redistributed commercially. This means we can't add a GIF-generating " "program to GNU, not under the Unisys terms." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "The <a href=\"https://www.fsf.org\">Free Software Foundation</a> is a " "non-commercial, non-profit organization, so strictly speaking the income " "from our sales of <a href=\"https://shop.fsf.org/\">CD-ROMs</a> is not " "“profit.” Perhaps this means we could include a GIF program on " "our CD-ROM and claim to be acting within the scope of the Unisys " "permission—or perhaps not. But since we know that other " "redistributors of GNU would be unable to include it, doing this would not be " "very useful." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "Shortly after Unisys made its announcement, when the net in general was " "reassured thinking that Unisys had given permission for free GIF-generating " "software, we wrote to the Unisys legal department asking for clarification " "of these issues. We did not receive a response." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "Even if Unisys really did give permission for free software to generate " "GIFs, we would still have to deal with the IBM patent. Both the IBM and the " "Unisys patents cover the same “invention”—the LZW " "compression algorithm. (This could reflect an error on the part of the US " "Patent and Trademark Office, which is famous for incompetence and poor " "judgment.)" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "Decoding GIFs is a different issue. The Unisys and IBM patents are both " "written in such a way that they do not apply to a program which can only " "uncompress LZW format and cannot compress. Therefore we can and will " "include support for displaying GIF files in GNU software." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "Given this situation, we could still include GIF files in our web pages if " "we wanted to. Many other people would be happy to generate them for us, and " "we would not be sued for having GIF files on our server." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "But we feel that if we can't distribute the software to enable people to " "generate GIF files properly, then we should not have other people run such " "software for us. Besides, if we can't provide software in GNU to generate " "GIF files, we have to recommend an alternative. We ourselves should use the " "alternative that we recommend." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "In 1999, Unisys had the following to say about the issue of their patent:" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><blockquote><p> msgid "" "Unisys has frequently been asked whether a Unisys license is required in " "order to use LZW software obtained by downloading from the Internet or from " "other sources. The answer is simple. In all cases, a written license " "agreement or statement signed by an authorized Unisys representative is " "required from Unisys for all use, sale or distribution of any software " "(including so-called “freeware”) and/or hardware providing LZW " "conversion capability (for example, downloaded software)." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "With this statement, Unisys is trying to take back what they said in 1995 " "when they gave parts of the patent to the public. The legality of such a " "move is questionable." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "A further issue is that the LZW patents—and computational idea patents " "in general—are an offense against the freedom of programmers " "generally, and all programmers need to work together to <a " "href=\"/philosophy/limit-patent-effect.html\">protect software from " "patents.</a>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "So even if we could find a solution to enable the free software community to " "generate GIFs, that isn't really a solution, not for the problem as a " "whole. The solution is switching to another format and not using GIF any " "more." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "Therefore, we don't use GIF, and we hope you won't use it either." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "It is possible to make non-compressed images that act like GIFs, in that " "they work with programs that decode GIF format. This can be done without " "infringing patents. These pseudo-GIFs are useful for some purposes." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "It is also possible to create GIFs using a patent-free run length encoding " "but this doesn't achieve the compression that one normally expects in a GIF." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "We decided not to use these pseudo-GIFs on our web site because they are not " "a satisfactory solution to the community's problem. They work, but they are " "very large. What the web needs is a patent-free compressed format, not " "large pseudo-GIFs." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "The <a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portable_Network_Graphics\">PNG " "format</a> is a patent-free compressed format. We hope it will become " "widely supported; then we will use it. We do provide PNG versions of most " "of the <a href=\"/graphics/graphics.html\">images on this server</a>." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "For more information about the GIF patent problems, see <a " "href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20150329143651/http://progfree.org/Patents/patents.html\">the " "League for Programming Freedom GIF page</a>. Through that page you can find " "more information about the <a " "href=\"https://endsoftwarepatents.org/\">problem of software patents in " "general.</a>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "There is a library called libungif that reads gif files and writes " "uncompressed gifs to circumvent the Unisys patent." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "<a " "href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20171203193534/http://burnallgifs.org/\"> " "burnallgifs.org</a> is a web site devoted to discouraging the use of GIF " "files on the web." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><h3> msgid "Footnote" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><ol><li><p> msgid "" "We were able to search the patent databases of the USA, Canada, Japan, and " "the European Union. The Unisys patent expired on 20 June 2003 in the USA, in " "Europe it expired on 18 June 2004, in Japan the patent expired on 20 June " "2004 and in Canada it expired on 7 July 2004. The U.S. IBM patent expired 11 " "August 2006. The Software Freedom Law Center says that after 1 October 2006, " "there will be no significant patent claims interfering with the use of " "static GIFs." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><ol><li><p> msgid "" "Animated GIFs are a different story. We do not know what patents might " "cover them. However, we have not heard reports of threats against use of " "animated GIFs. Any software can be threatened by patents, but we have no " "reason to consider animated GIFs to be in particular danger—no " "particular reason to shun them." msgstr "" #. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes. #. type: Content of: <div> msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S NOTES*" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><div><p> msgid "" "Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to <a " "href=\"mailto:gnu@gnu.org\"><gnu@gnu.org></a>. There are also <a " "href=\"/contact/\">other ways to contact</a> the FSF. Broken links and " "other corrections or suggestions can be sent to <a " "href=\"mailto:webmasters@gnu.org\"><webmasters@gnu.org></a>." msgstr "" #. TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph, #. replace it with the translation of these two: # #. We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality #. translations. However, we are not exempt from imperfection. #. Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard #. to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org"> # #. <web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p> # #. <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of #. our web pages, see <a #. href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations #. README</a>. #. type: Content of: <div><div><p> msgid "" "Please see the <a " "href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html\">Translations README</a> " "for information on coordinating and contributing translations of this " "article." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "Copyright © 1997-1999, 2003, 2004, 2006, 2010, 2013, 2021 Free Software " "Foundation, Inc." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "This page is licensed under a <a rel=\"license\" " "href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/\">Creative Commons " "Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License</a>." msgstr "" #. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits. #. type: Content of: <div><div> msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S CREDITS*" msgstr "" #. timestamp start #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "Updated:" msgstr ""

# LANGUAGE translation of https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/gif.html # Copyright (C) YEAR Free Software Foundation, Inc. # This file is distributed under the same license as the original article. # FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. # #, fuzzy msgid "" msgstr "" "Project-Id-Version: gif.html\n" "POT-Creation-Date: 2021-11-03 13:55+0000\n" "PO-Revision-Date: YEAR-MO-DA HO:MI+ZONE\n" "Last-Translator: FULL NAME \n" "Language-Team: LANGUAGE \n" "Language: \n" "MIME-Version: 1.0\n" "Content-Type: text/plain; charset=CHARSET\n" "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" #. type: Content of: msgid "" "Why There Are No GIF Files on GNU Web Pages - GNU Project - Free Software " "Foundation" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><h2> msgid "Why There Are No GIF Files on GNU Web Pages" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><div><p> msgid "" "<em>There is no special patent threat to GIF format nowadays as far as we " "know; <a href=\"#venuenote\">the patents that were used to attack GIF have " "expired</a>. Nonetheless, this article will remain pertinent as long as " "programs can be forbidden by patents, since the same sorts of things could " "happen in any area of computing. See <a " "href=\"/server/standards/gnu-website-guidelines.html#UseofGraphics\">our " "website policies regarding GIFs</a>.</em>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "There are no GIFs on the GNU web site because of the patents (Unisys and " "IBM) covering the LZW compression algorithm which is used in making GIF " "files. These patents make it impossible to have free software to generate " "proper GIFs. They also apply to the <strong>compress</strong> program, " "which is why GNU does not use it or its format." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "Unisys and IBM both applied for patents in 1983. Unisys (and perhaps IBM) " "applied for these patents in a number of countries. Of the places whose " "patent databases we were able to search, the latest expiration date seems to " "be 1 October 2006 <a class=\"ftn\" href=\"#venuenote\">[1]</a>. Until " "then, anyone who releases a free program for making GIF files is likely to " "be sued. We don't know any reason to think that the patent owners would " "lose these lawsuits." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "If we released such a program, Unisys and IBM might think it wiser (for " "public relations reasons) not to sue a charity like the FSF. They could " "instead sue the users of the program, including the companies who " "redistribute GNU software. We feel it would not be responsible behavior for " "us to set up this situation." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "Many people think that Unisys has given permission for distributing free " "software to make GIF format. Unfortunately that is not what Unisys has " "actually done. Here is what Unisys actually said about the matter in 1995:" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><blockquote><p> msgid "" "Unisys does not require licensing, or fees to be paid, for non-commercial, " "non-profit GIF-based applications, including those for use on the on-line " "services. Concerning developers of software for the Internet network, the " "same principle applies. Unisys will not pursue previous inadvertent " "infringement by developers producing versions of software products for the " "Internet prior to 1995. The company does not require licensing, or fees to " "be paid for non-commercial, non-profit offerings on the Internet, including " "“Freeware.”" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "Unfortunately, this doesn't permit <a href=\"/philosophy/free-sw.html\">free " "software</a> which can be used in a free operating system such as GNU. It " "also does not permit <em>at all</em> the use of LZW for other purposes such " "as compression of files. This is why we think it is still best to reject " "LZW, and switch to alternatives such as <a " "href=\"/software/gzip/gzip.html\">GNU Gzip</a> and PNG." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "<a href=\"/philosophy/selling.html\">Commercial redistribution of free " "software</a> is very important, and we want the GNU system as a whole to be " "redistributed commercially. This means we can't add a GIF-generating " "program to GNU, not under the Unisys terms." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "The <a href=\"https://www.fsf.org\">Free Software Foundation</a> is a " "non-commercial, non-profit organization, so strictly speaking the income " "from our sales of <a href=\"https://shop.fsf.org/\">CD-ROMs</a> is not " "“profit.” Perhaps this means we could include a GIF program on " "our CD-ROM and claim to be acting within the scope of the Unisys " "permission—or perhaps not. But since we know that other " "redistributors of GNU would be unable to include it, doing this would not be " "very useful." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "Shortly after Unisys made its announcement, when the net in general was " "reassured thinking that Unisys had given permission for free GIF-generating " "software, we wrote to the Unisys legal department asking for clarification " "of these issues. We did not receive a response." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "Even if Unisys really did give permission for free software to generate " "GIFs, we would still have to deal with the IBM patent. Both the IBM and the " "Unisys patents cover the same “invention”—the LZW " "compression algorithm. (This could reflect an error on the part of the US " "Patent and Trademark Office, which is famous for incompetence and poor " "judgment.)" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "Decoding GIFs is a different issue. The Unisys and IBM patents are both " "written in such a way that they do not apply to a program which can only " "uncompress LZW format and cannot compress. Therefore we can and will " "include support for displaying GIF files in GNU software." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "Given this situation, we could still include GIF files in our web pages if " "we wanted to. Many other people would be happy to generate them for us, and " "we would not be sued for having GIF files on our server." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "But we feel that if we can't distribute the software to enable people to " "generate GIF files properly, then we should not have other people run such " "software for us. Besides, if we can't provide software in GNU to generate " "GIF files, we have to recommend an alternative. We ourselves should use the " "alternative that we recommend." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "In 1999, Unisys had the following to say about the issue of their patent:" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><blockquote><p> msgid "" "Unisys has frequently been asked whether a Unisys license is required in " "order to use LZW software obtained by downloading from the Internet or from " "other sources. The answer is simple. In all cases, a written license " "agreement or statement signed by an authorized Unisys representative is " "required from Unisys for all use, sale or distribution of any software " "(including so-called “freeware”) and/or hardware providing LZW " "conversion capability (for example, downloaded software)." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "With this statement, Unisys is trying to take back what they said in 1995 " "when they gave parts of the patent to the public. The legality of such a " "move is questionable." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "A further issue is that the LZW patents—and computational idea patents " "in general—are an offense against the freedom of programmers " "generally, and all programmers need to work together to <a " "href=\"/philosophy/limit-patent-effect.html\">protect software from " "patents.</a>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "So even if we could find a solution to enable the free software community to " "generate GIFs, that isn't really a solution, not for the problem as a " "whole. The solution is switching to another format and not using GIF any " "more." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "Therefore, we don't use GIF, and we hope you won't use it either." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "It is possible to make non-compressed images that act like GIFs, in that " "they work with programs that decode GIF format. This can be done without " "infringing patents. These pseudo-GIFs are useful for some purposes." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "It is also possible to create GIFs using a patent-free run length encoding " "but this doesn't achieve the compression that one normally expects in a GIF." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "We decided not to use these pseudo-GIFs on our web site because they are not " "a satisfactory solution to the community's problem. They work, but they are " "very large. What the web needs is a patent-free compressed format, not " "large pseudo-GIFs." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "The <a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portable_Network_Graphics\">PNG " "format</a> is a patent-free compressed format. We hope it will become " "widely supported; then we will use it. We do provide PNG versions of most " "of the <a href=\"/graphics/graphics.html\">images on this server</a>." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "For more information about the GIF patent problems, see <a " "href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20150329143651/http://progfree.org/Patents/patents.html\">the " "League for Programming Freedom GIF page</a>. Through that page you can find " "more information about the <a " "href=\"https://endsoftwarepatents.org/\">problem of software patents in " "general.</a>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "There is a library called libungif that reads gif files and writes " "uncompressed gifs to circumvent the Unisys patent." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "<a " "href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20171203193534/http://burnallgifs.org/\"> " "burnallgifs.org</a> is a web site devoted to discouraging the use of GIF " "files on the web." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><h3> msgid "Footnote" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><ol><li><p> msgid "" "We were able to search the patent databases of the USA, Canada, Japan, and " "the European Union. The Unisys patent expired on 20 June 2003 in the USA, in " "Europe it expired on 18 June 2004, in Japan the patent expired on 20 June " "2004 and in Canada it expired on 7 July 2004. The U.S. IBM patent expired 11 " "August 2006. The Software Freedom Law Center says that after 1 October 2006, " "there will be no significant patent claims interfering with the use of " "static GIFs." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><ol><li><p> msgid "" "Animated GIFs are a different story. We do not know what patents might " "cover them. However, we have not heard reports of threats against use of " "animated GIFs. Any software can be threatened by patents, but we have no " "reason to consider animated GIFs to be in particular danger—no " "particular reason to shun them." msgstr "" #. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes. #. type: Content of: <div> msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S NOTES*" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><div><p> msgid "" "Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to <a " "href=\"mailto:gnu@gnu.org\"><gnu@gnu.org></a>. There are also <a " "href=\"/contact/\">other ways to contact</a> the FSF. Broken links and " "other corrections or suggestions can be sent to <a " "href=\"mailto:webmasters@gnu.org\"><webmasters@gnu.org></a>." msgstr "" #. TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph, #. replace it with the translation of these two: # #. We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality #. translations. However, we are not exempt from imperfection. #. Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard #. to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org"> # #. <web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p> # #. <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of #. our web pages, see <a #. href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations #. README</a>. #. type: Content of: <div><div><p> msgid "" "Please see the <a " "href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html\">Translations README</a> " "for information on coordinating and contributing translations of this " "article." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "Copyright © 1997-1999, 2003, 2004, 2006, 2010, 2013, 2021 Free Software " "Foundation, Inc." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "This page is licensed under a <a rel=\"license\" " "href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/\">Creative Commons " "Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License</a>." msgstr "" #. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits. #. type: Content of: <div><div> msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S CREDITS*" msgstr "" #. timestamp start #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "Updated:" msgstr ""