# LANGUAGE translation of https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/government-free-software.html # Copyright (C) YEAR Free Software Foundation, Inc. # This file is distributed under the same license as the original article. # FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. # #, fuzzy msgid "" msgstr "" "Project-Id-Version: government-free-software.html\n" "POT-Creation-Date: 2022-03-16 13:56+0000\n" "PO-Revision-Date: YEAR-MO-DA HO:MI+ZONE\n" "Last-Translator: FULL NAME \n" "Language-Team: LANGUAGE \n" "Language: \n" "MIME-Version: 1.0\n" "Content-Type: text/plain; charset=CHARSET\n" "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" #. type: Content of: msgid "" "Measures Governments Can Use to Promote Free Software - GNU Project - Free " "Software Foundation" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><h2> msgid "Measures Governments Can Use to Promote Free Software" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><h3> msgid "And why it is their duty to do so" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><address> msgid "by <a href=\"https://www.stallman.org/\">Richard Stallman</a>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><div><p> msgid "" "This article suggests policies for a strong and firm effort to promote free " "software within the state, and to lead the rest of the country towards " "software freedom." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "The mission of the state is to organize society for the freedom and " "well-being of the people. One aspect of this mission, in the computing " "field, is to encourage users to adopt free software: <a " "href=\"/philosophy/free-sw.html\">software that respects the users' " "freedom</a>. A proprietary (nonfree) program tramples the freedom of those " "that use it; it is a social problem that the state should work to eradicate." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "The state needs to insist on free software in its own computing for the sake " "of its computational sovereignty (the state's control over its own " "computing). All users deserve control over their computing, but the state " "has a responsibility to the people to maintain control over the computing it " "does on their behalf. Most government activities now depend on computing, " "and its control over those activities depends on its control over that " "computing. Losing this control in an agency whose mission is critical " "undermines national security." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "Moving state agencies to free software can also provide secondary benefits, " "such as saving money and encouraging local software support businesses." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "In this text, “state entities” refers to all levels of " "government, and means public agencies including schools, public-private " "partnerships, largely state-funded activities such as charter schools, and " "“private” corporations controlled by the state or established " "with special privileges or functions by the state." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><h3> msgid "Education" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "The most important policy concerns education, since that shapes the future " "of the country:" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li> msgid "<b>Teach only free software</b>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li> msgid "" "Educational activities, or at least those of state entities, must teach only " "free software (thus, they should never lead students to use a nonfree " "program), and should teach the civic reasons for insisting on free " "software. To teach a nonfree program is to teach dependence, which is " "contrary to the mission of the school." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><h3> msgid "The State and the Public" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "Also crucial are state policies that influence what software individuals and " "organizations use:" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p> msgid "<b>Never require nonfree programs</b>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p> msgid "" "Laws and public sector practices must be changed so that they never require " "or pressure individuals or organizations to use a nonfree program. They " "should also discourage communication and publication practices that imply " "such consequences (including <a " "href=\"https://www.defectivebydesign.org/what_is_drm_digital_restrictions_management\">Digital " "Restrictions Management</a>)." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p> msgid "<b>Distribute only free software</b>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p> msgid "" "Whenever a state entity distributes software to the public, including " "programs included in or specified by its web pages, it must be distributed " "as free software, and must be capable of running on a platform containing " "exclusively free software." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p> msgid "<b>State web sites</b>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p> msgid "" "State entity web sites and network services must be designed so that users " "can use them, without disadvantage, by means of free software exclusively." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p> msgid "<b>Free formats and protocols</b>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p> msgid "" "State entities must use only file formats and communication protocols that " "are well supported by free software, preferably with published " "specifications. (We do not state this in terms of “standards” " "because it should apply to nonstandardized interfaces as well as " "standardized ones.) For example, they must not distribute audio or video " "recordings in formats that require Flash or nonfree codecs, and public " "libraries must not distribute works with Digital Restrictions Management." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p> msgid "" "To support the policy of distributing publications and works in " "freedom-respecting formats, the state must insist that all reports developed " "for it be delivered in freedom-respecting formats." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p> msgid "<b>Untie computers from licenses</b>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p> msgid "" "Sale of computers must not require purchase of a proprietary software " "license. The seller should be required by law to offer the purchaser the " "option of buying the computer without the proprietary software and without " "paying the license fee." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p> msgid "" "The imposed payment is a secondary wrong, and should not distract us from " "the essential injustice of proprietary software, the loss of freedom which " "results from using it. Nonetheless, the abuse of forcing users to pay for " "it gives certain proprietary software developers an additional unfair " "advantage, detrimental to users' freedom. It is proper for the state to " "prevent this abuse." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><h3> msgid "Computational Sovereignty" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "Several policies affect the computational sovereignty of the state. State " "entities must maintain control over their computing, not cede control to " "private hands. These points apply to all computers, including smartphones." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p> msgid "<b>Migrate to free software</b>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p> msgid "" "State entities must migrate to free software, and must not install, or " "continue using, any nonfree software except under a temporary exception. " "Only one agency should have the authority to grant these temporary " "exceptions, and only when shown compelling reasons. This agency's goal " "should be to reduce the number of exceptions to zero." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p> msgid "<b>Develop free IT solutions</b>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p> msgid "" "When a state entity pays for development of a computing solution, the " "contract must require it be delivered as free software, and that it be " "designed such that one can both run it and develop it on a 100%-free " "environment. All contracts must require this, so that if the developer does " "not comply with these requirements, the work cannot be paid for." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p> msgid "<b>Choose computers for free software</b>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p> msgid "" "When a state entity buys or leases computers, it must choose among the " "models that come closest, in their class, to being capable of running " "without any proprietary software. The state should maintain, for each class " "of computers, a list of the models authorized based on this criterion. " "Models available to both the public and the state should be preferred to " "models available only to the state." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p> msgid "<b>Negotiate with manufacturers</b>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p> msgid "" "The state should negotiate actively with manufacturers to bring about the " "availability in the market (to the state and the public) of suitable " "hardware products, in all pertinent product areas, that require no " "proprietary software." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p> msgid "<b>Unite with other states</b>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p> msgid "" "The state should invite other states to negotiate collectively with " "manufacturers about suitable hardware products. Together they will have " "more clout." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><h3> msgid "Computational Sovereignty II" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "The computational sovereignty (and security) of the state includes control " "over the computers that do the state's work. This requires avoiding <a " "href=\"/philosophy/who-does-that-server-really-serve.html\"> Service as a " "Software Substitute</a>, unless the service is run by a state agency under " "the same branch of government, as well as other practices that diminish the " "state control over its computing. Therefore," msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li> msgid "<b>State must control its computers</b>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li> msgid "" "Every computer that the state uses must belong to or be leased by the same " "branch of government that uses it, and that branch must not cede to " "outsiders the right to decide who has physical access to the computer, who " "can do maintenance (hardware or software) on it, or what software should be " "installed in it. If the computer is not portable, then while in use it must " "be in a physical space of which the state is the occupant (either as owner " "or as tenant)." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><h3> msgid "Influence Development" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "State policy affects free and nonfree software development:" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p> msgid "<b>Encourage free</b>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p> msgid "" "The state should encourage developers to create or enhance free software and " "make it available to the public, e.g. by tax breaks and other financial " "incentive. Contrariwise, no such incentives should be granted for " "development, distribution or use of nonfree software." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p> msgid "<b>Don't encourage nonfree</b>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p> msgid "" "In particular, proprietary software developers should not be able to " "“donate” copies to schools and claim a tax write-off for the " "nominal value of the software. Proprietary software is not legitimate in a " "school." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><h3> msgid "E-waste" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "Freedom should not imply e-waste:" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p> msgid "<b>Replaceable software</b>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p> msgid "" "Many modern computers are designed to make it impossible to replace their " "preloaded software with free software. Thus, the only way to free them is " "to junk them. This practice is harmful to society." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p> msgid "" "Therefore, it should be illegal, or at least substantially discouraged " "through heavy taxation, to sell, import or distribute in quantity a new " "computer (that is, not second-hand) or computer-based product for which " "secrecy about hardware interfaces or intentional restrictions prevent users " "from developing, installing and using replacements for any and all of the " "installed software that the manufacturer could upgrade. This would apply, " "in particular, to any device on which <a " "href=\"/proprietary/proprietary-jails.html\">“jailbreaking”</a> " "is needed to install a different operating system, or in which the " "interfaces for some peripherals are secret." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><h3> msgid "Technological neutrality" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "With the measures in this article, the state can recover control over its " "computing, and lead the country's citizens, businesses and organizations " "towards control over their computing. However, some object on the grounds " "that this would violate the “principle” of technological " "neutrality." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "The idea of technological neutrality is that the state should not impose " "arbitrary preferences on technical choices. Whether that is a valid " "principle is disputable, but it is limited in any case to issues that are " "merely technical. The measures advocated here address issues of ethical, " "social and political importance, so they are <a " "href=\"/philosophy/technological-neutrality.html\">outside the scope of " "<em>technological</em> neutrality</a>. Only those who wish to subjugate a " "country would suggest that its government be “neutral” about its " "sovereignty or its citizens' freedom." msgstr "" #. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes. #. type: Content of: <div> msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S NOTES*" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><div><p> msgid "" "Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to <a " "href=\"mailto:gnu@gnu.org\"><gnu@gnu.org></a>. There are also <a " "href=\"/contact/\">other ways to contact</a> the FSF. Broken links and " "other corrections or suggestions can be sent to <a " "href=\"mailto:webmasters@gnu.org\"><webmasters@gnu.org></a>." msgstr "" #. TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph, #. replace it with the translation of these two: # #. 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