# LANGUAGE translation of https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/is-ever-good-use-nonfree-program.html # Copyright (C) YEAR Free Software Foundation, Inc. # This file is distributed under the same license as the original article. # FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. # #, fuzzy msgid "" msgstr "" "Project-Id-Version: is-ever-good-use-nonfree-program.html\n" "POT-Creation-Date: 2021-11-28 11:28+0000\n" "PO-Revision-Date: YEAR-MO-DA HO:MI+ZONE\n" "Last-Translator: FULL NAME \n" "Language-Team: LANGUAGE \n" "Language: \n" "MIME-Version: 1.0\n" "Content-Type: text/plain; charset=CHARSET\n" "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" #. type: Content of: msgid "" "Is It Ever a Good Thing to Use a Nonfree Program? - GNU Project - Free " "Software Foundation" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><h2> msgid "Is It Ever a Good Thing to Use a Nonfree Program?" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><address> msgid "by Richard Stallman" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "The question here is, is it ever a good thing to use a nonfree program? Our " "conclusion is that it is usually a bad thing, harmful to yourself and in " "some cases to others." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "If you run a nonfree program on your computer, it denies your freedom; the " "immediate wrong is directed at you <a class=\"ftn\" " "href=\"#f1\">[1]</a>." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "That does <em>not</em> mean you're an “evildoer” or " "“sinner” for running a nonfree program. When the harm you're " "doing is mainly to yourself, we hope you will stop, for your own sake." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "Sometimes you may face great pressure to run a nonfree program; we don't say " "you must defy that pressure at all costs (though it is inspiring when " "someone does that), but we do urge you to <a " "href=\"/philosophy/saying-no-even-once.html\"> look for occasions to where " "you can refuse, even in small ways</a>." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "If you recommend that others run the nonfree program, or lead them to do so, " "you're leading them to give up their freedom. Thus, we have a responsibility " "not to lead or encourage others to run nonfree software. Where the program " "uses a secret protocol for communication, as in the case of Skype, your own " "use of it pressures others to use it too, so it is especially important to " "avoid any use of these programs." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "But there is one special case where using some nonfree software, and even " "urging others to use it, can be a positive thing. That's when the use of the " "nonfree software aims directly at putting an end to the use of that very " "same nonfree software <a class=\"ftn\" href=\"#f2\">[2]</a>." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><h3> msgid "In the past" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "In 1983 I decided to develop the GNU operating system, as a free replacement " "for Unix. The feasible way to do it was to write and test the components one " "by one on Unix. But was it legitimate to use Unix for this? And was it " "legitimate to ask others to use Unix for this, given that Unix was " "proprietary software? (Of course, if it had not been proprietary, it would " "not have required replacing.)" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "The conclusion I reached was that using Unix to put an end to the use of " "Unix was legitimate for me to suggest to other developers. I likened it to " "participating in small ways in some evil activity, such as a criminal gang " "or a dishonest political campaign, in order to expose it and shut it " "down. While participating in the activity is wrong in itself, shutting it " "down excuses minor peripheral participation, comparable to merely using " "Unix. This argument would not justify being a ringleader, but I was only " "considering using Unix, not going to work for its development team." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "The job of replacing Unix was completed when the last essential component " "was replaced by Linux, the kernel started by Linus Torvalds in 1991. We " "still add to the GNU/Linux system, but that doesn't require using Unix, so " "it isn't a reason for using Unix—not any more. Thus, whenever you're " "using a nonfree program for this sort of reason, you should reconsider from " "time to time whether the need still exists." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><h3> msgid "Nowadays" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "However, there are other nonfree programs we still need to replace, and the " "analogous question often arises. Should you run the nonfree driver for a " "peripheral to help you develop a free replacement driver? (More precisely, " "is it ethical for us to suggest that you do so?) Yes, by all means. Is it " "ok to run the <a href=\"/philosophy/javascript-trap.html\">nonfree " "JavaScript</a> on a web site in order to file complaint asking the " "webmasters to free that JavaScript code, or make the site work without it? " "Definitely—but other than that, you should have <a " "href=\"/software/librejs/\">LibreJS</a> block it for you." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "But this justification won't stretch any further. People that develop " "nonfree software, even software with malicious functionalities, often try to " "excuse this on the grounds that they fund some development of free " "software. However, a business that is basically wrong can't be legitimized " "by spending some of the profits on a worthy cause. For instance, some (not " "all) of the activities of the Gates Foundation are laudable, but they don't " "excuse Bill Gates's career, or Microsoft. If the business works directly " "against the worthy cause it tries to legitimize itself with, that is a " "self-contradiction and it undermines the cause." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "Even using a nonfree program to develop free software in general is better " "to avoid, and not suggest to others. For instance, we should not ask people " "to run Windows or MacOS in order to make free applications run on them. As " "developer of Emacs and GCC, I accepted changes to make them support nonfree " "systems such as VMS, Windows and MacOS. I had no reason to reject that " "code, even though people had run nonfree systems to write it. Their use of " "unjust systems was not at my request or suggestion; rather, they were " "already using them before starting to write changes for GNU. They also did " "the packaging of releases for those systems." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "The “developing its own replacement” exception is valid within " "its limits, and crucial for the progress of free software, but we must " "resist stretching it any further lest it turn into an all-purpose excuse for " "any profitable activity with nonfree software." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><h3> msgid "Footnotes" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><ol><li><p> msgid "" "Using the nonfree program can have unfortunate indirect effects, such as " "rewarding the perpetrator and encouraging more use of that program. This is " "a further reason to shun use of nonfree programs." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><ol><li><p> msgid "" "Most proprietary programs come with an End User License Agreement that " "hardly anyone reads. Tucked away in it, in most cases, is an unethical " "commitment to behave like an uncooperative, bad neighbor. It claims you " "promised not to distribute copies to others, or even lend someone a copy." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><ol><li><p> msgid "" "To carry out such a commitment is more wrong than to break it. No matter " "what legalistic arguments they might make, the developers can hardly claim " "their shady trick gives users a moral obligation to be uncooperative." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><ol><li><p> msgid "" "However, we think that the truly moral path is to carefully reject such " "agreements." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><ol><li><p> msgid "" "Occasionally it is necessary to use and even upgrade a nonfree system on a " "machine in order to install a free system to replace it on that machine. " "This is not exactly the same issue, but the same arguments apply: it is " "legitimate to recommend running some nonfree software momentarily in order " "to remove it." msgstr "" #. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes. #. type: Content of: <div> msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S NOTES*" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><div><p> msgid "" "Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to <a " "href=\"mailto:gnu@gnu.org\"><gnu@gnu.org></a>. There are also <a " "href=\"/contact/\">other ways to contact</a> the FSF. Broken links and " "other corrections or suggestions can be sent to <a " "href=\"mailto:webmasters@gnu.org\"><webmasters@gnu.org></a>." msgstr "" #. TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph, #. replace it with the translation of these two: # #. We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality #. translations. However, we are not exempt from imperfection. #. Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard #. to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org"> # #. <web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p> # #. <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of #. our web pages, see <a #. href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations #. README</a>. #. type: Content of: <div><div><p> msgid "" "Please see the <a " "href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html\">Translations README</a> " "for information on coordinating and contributing translations of this " "article." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "Copyright © 2013, 2015, 2016, 2020, 2021 Richard Stallman" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "This page is licensed under a <a rel=\"license\" " "href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/\">Creative Commons " "Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License</a>." msgstr "" #. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits. #. type: Content of: <div><div> msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S CREDITS*" msgstr "" #. timestamp start #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "Updated:" msgstr ""