msgid "" "What Does It Mean for Your Computer to Be Loyal? - GNU Project - Free " "Software Foundation" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><h2> msgid "What Does It Mean for Your Computer to Be Loyal?" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><address> msgid "by <a href=\"https://www.stallman.org/\">Richard Stallman</a>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "We say that running <a href=\"/philosophy/free-sw.html\">free software</a> " "on your computer means that its operation is <a " "href=\"/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html\">under your " "control</a>. Implicitly this presupposes that your computer will do what " "your programs tell it to do, and no more. In other words, that your " "computer will be loyal to you." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "In 1990 we took that for granted; nowadays, many computers are designed to " "be disloyal to their users. It has become necessary to spell out what it " "means for your computer to be a loyal platform that obeys your decisions, " "which you express by telling it to run certain programs." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "Our tentative definition consists of these principles." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><dl><dt> msgid "Installability" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><dl><dd><p> msgid "" "Any software that can be replaced by someone else, the user must be " "empowered to replace." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><dl><dd><p> msgid "" "Thus, if the computer requires a password or some other secret in order to " "replace some of the software in it, whoever sells you the computer must tell " "you that secret as well." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><dl><dt> msgid "Neutrality towards software" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><dl><dd><p> msgid "" "The computer will run, without prejudice, whatever software you install in " "it, and let that software do whatever its code says to do." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><dl><dd><p> msgid "" "A feature to check for signatures on the programs that run is compatible " "with this principle provided the signature checking is fully under the " "user's control. When that is so, the feature helps implement the user's " "decisions about which programs to run, rather than thwarting the user's " "decisions. By contrast, signature checking that is not fully under the " "user's control violates this principle." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><dl><dt> msgid "Neutrality towards protocols" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><dl><dd><p> msgid "" "The computer will communicate, without prejudice, through whatever protocol " "your installed software implements, with whatever users and whatever other " "networked computers you direct it to communicate with." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><dl><dd><p> msgid "" "This means that computer does not impose one particular service rather than " "another, or one protocol rather than another. It does not require the user " "to get anyone else's permission to communicate via a certain protocol." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><dl><dt> msgid "Neutrality towards implementations" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><dl><dd><p> msgid "" "When the computer communicates using any given protocol, it will support " "doing so, without prejudice, via whatever code you choose (assuming the code " "implements the intended protocol), and it will do nothing to help any other " "part of the Internet to distinguish which code you are using or what changes " "you may have made in it, or to discriminate based on your choice." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><dl><dd><p> msgid "" "This entails that the computer rejects remote attestation, that is, that it " "does not permit other computers to determine over the network whether your " "computer is running one particular software load. Remote attestation gives " "web sites the power to compel you to connect to them only through an " "application with DRM that you can't break, denying you effective control " "over the software you use to communicate with them." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><dl><dd><p> msgid "" "We can comprehend remote attestation as a general scheme to allow any web " "site to impose tivoization or “lockdown” on the local software " "you connect to it with. Simple tivoization of a program bars modified " "versions from functioning properly; that makes the program nonfree. Remote " "attestation by web sites bars modified versions from working with those " "sites that use it, which makes the program effectively nonfree when using " "those sites. If a computer allows web sites to bar you from using a " "modified program with them, it is loyal to them, not to you." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><dl><dt> msgid "Neutrality towards data communicated" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><dl><dd><p> msgid "" "When the computer receives data using whatever protocol, it will not limit " "what the program can do with the data received through that communication." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><dl><dd><p> msgid "" "Any hardware-level DRM violates this principle. For instance, the hardware " "must not deliver video streams encrypted such that only the monitor can " "decrypt them." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><dl><dt> msgid "Debugability" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><dl><dd><p> msgid "" "The computer always permits you to analyze the operation of a program that " "is running." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><dl><dt> msgid "Completeness" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><dl><dd><p> msgid "" "The principles above apply to all the computer's software interfaces and all " "communication the computer does. The computer must not have any disloyal " "programmable facility or do any disloyal communication." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><dl><dd><p> msgid "" "For instance, the AMT functionality in recent Intel processors runs nonfree " "software that can talk to Intel remotely. Unless disabled, this makes the " "system disloyal." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "For a computer to be fully at your service, it should come with " "documentation of all the interfaces intended for software running in the " "computer to use to control the computer. A documentation gap as such " "doesn't mean the computer is actively disloyal, but does mean there are some " "aspect of it that are not at your service. Depending on what that aspect " "does, this might or might not be a real problem." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "We ask readers to send criticisms and suggestions about this definition to " "<a href=\"mailto:computer-principles@gnu.org\"> " "<computer-principles@gnu.org></a>." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "Loyalty as defined here is the most basic criterion we could think of that " "is meaningful. It does not require that all the software in the computer be " "free. However, the presence of <a " "href=\"/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html\">nonfree software " "in the computer</a> is an obstacle to verifying that the computer is loyal, " "or making sure it remains so." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><h3> msgid "History" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "Here is the list of substantive changes in this page." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li> msgid "" "<a " "href=\"//web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/www/philosophy/loyal-computers.html?r1=1.5&r2=1.6\">Version " "1.6</a>: Add installability requirement." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li> msgid "" "<a " "href=\"//web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/www/philosophy/loyal-computers.html?r1=1.4&r2=1.5\">Version " "1.5</a>: Full documentation is not a requirement for loyalty." msgstr "" #. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes. #. type: Content of: <div> msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S NOTES*" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><div><p> msgid "" "Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to <a " "href=\"mailto:gnu@gnu.org\"><gnu@gnu.org></a>. There are also <a " "href=\"/contact/\">other ways to contact</a> the FSF. Broken links and " "other corrections or suggestions can be sent to <a " "href=\"mailto:webmasters@gnu.org\"><webmasters@gnu.org></a>." msgstr "" #. TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph, #. replace it with the translation of these two: # #. We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality #. translations. However, we are not exempt from imperfection. #. Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard #. to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org"> # #. <web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p> # #. <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of #. our web pages, see <a #. href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations #. README</a>. #. type: Content of: <div><div><p> msgid "" "Please see the <a " "href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html\">Translations README</a> " "for information on coordinating and contributing translations of this " "article." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "Copyright © 2014, 2015, 2019, 2021 Free Software Foundation, Inc." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "This page is licensed under a <a rel=\"license\" " "href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/\">Creative Commons " "Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License</a>." msgstr "" #. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits. #. type: Content of: <div><div> msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S CREDITS*" msgstr "" #. timestamp start #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "Updated:" msgstr ""

# LANGUAGE translation of https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/loyal-computers.html # Copyright (C) YEAR Free Software Foundation, Inc. # This file is distributed under the same license as the original article. # FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. # #, fuzzy msgid "" msgstr "" "Project-Id-Version: loyal-computers.html\n" "POT-Creation-Date: 2021-09-05 09:56+0000\n" "PO-Revision-Date: YEAR-MO-DA HO:MI+ZONE\n" "Last-Translator: FULL NAME \n" "Language-Team: LANGUAGE \n" "Language: \n" "MIME-Version: 1.0\n" "Content-Type: text/plain; charset=CHARSET\n" "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" #. type: Content of: msgid "" "What Does It Mean for Your Computer to Be Loyal? - GNU Project - Free " "Software Foundation" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><h2> msgid "What Does It Mean for Your Computer to Be Loyal?" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><address> msgid "by <a href=\"https://www.stallman.org/\">Richard Stallman</a>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "We say that running <a href=\"/philosophy/free-sw.html\">free software</a> " "on your computer means that its operation is <a " "href=\"/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html\">under your " "control</a>. Implicitly this presupposes that your computer will do what " "your programs tell it to do, and no more. In other words, that your " "computer will be loyal to you." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "In 1990 we took that for granted; nowadays, many computers are designed to " "be disloyal to their users. It has become necessary to spell out what it " "means for your computer to be a loyal platform that obeys your decisions, " "which you express by telling it to run certain programs." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "Our tentative definition consists of these principles." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><dl><dt> msgid "Installability" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><dl><dd><p> msgid "" "Any software that can be replaced by someone else, the user must be " "empowered to replace." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><dl><dd><p> msgid "" "Thus, if the computer requires a password or some other secret in order to " "replace some of the software in it, whoever sells you the computer must tell " "you that secret as well." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><dl><dt> msgid "Neutrality towards software" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><dl><dd><p> msgid "" "The computer will run, without prejudice, whatever software you install in " "it, and let that software do whatever its code says to do." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><dl><dd><p> msgid "" "A feature to check for signatures on the programs that run is compatible " "with this principle provided the signature checking is fully under the " "user's control. When that is so, the feature helps implement the user's " "decisions about which programs to run, rather than thwarting the user's " "decisions. By contrast, signature checking that is not fully under the " "user's control violates this principle." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><dl><dt> msgid "Neutrality towards protocols" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><dl><dd><p> msgid "" "The computer will communicate, without prejudice, through whatever protocol " "your installed software implements, with whatever users and whatever other " "networked computers you direct it to communicate with." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><dl><dd><p> msgid "" "This means that computer does not impose one particular service rather than " "another, or one protocol rather than another. It does not require the user " "to get anyone else's permission to communicate via a certain protocol." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><dl><dt> msgid "Neutrality towards implementations" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><dl><dd><p> msgid "" "When the computer communicates using any given protocol, it will support " "doing so, without prejudice, via whatever code you choose (assuming the code " "implements the intended protocol), and it will do nothing to help any other " "part of the Internet to distinguish which code you are using or what changes " "you may have made in it, or to discriminate based on your choice." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><dl><dd><p> msgid "" "This entails that the computer rejects remote attestation, that is, that it " "does not permit other computers to determine over the network whether your " "computer is running one particular software load. Remote attestation gives " "web sites the power to compel you to connect to them only through an " "application with DRM that you can't break, denying you effective control " "over the software you use to communicate with them." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><dl><dd><p> msgid "" "We can comprehend remote attestation as a general scheme to allow any web " "site to impose tivoization or “lockdown” on the local software " "you connect to it with. Simple tivoization of a program bars modified " "versions from functioning properly; that makes the program nonfree. Remote " "attestation by web sites bars modified versions from working with those " "sites that use it, which makes the program effectively nonfree when using " "those sites. If a computer allows web sites to bar you from using a " "modified program with them, it is loyal to them, not to you." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><dl><dt> msgid "Neutrality towards data communicated" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><dl><dd><p> msgid "" "When the computer receives data using whatever protocol, it will not limit " "what the program can do with the data received through that communication." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><dl><dd><p> msgid "" "Any hardware-level DRM violates this principle. For instance, the hardware " "must not deliver video streams encrypted such that only the monitor can " "decrypt them." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><dl><dt> msgid "Debugability" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><dl><dd><p> msgid "" "The computer always permits you to analyze the operation of a program that " "is running." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><dl><dt> msgid "Completeness" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><dl><dd><p> msgid "" "The principles above apply to all the computer's software interfaces and all " "communication the computer does. The computer must not have any disloyal " "programmable facility or do any disloyal communication." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><dl><dd><p> msgid "" "For instance, the AMT functionality in recent Intel processors runs nonfree " "software that can talk to Intel remotely. Unless disabled, this makes the " "system disloyal." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "For a computer to be fully at your service, it should come with " "documentation of all the interfaces intended for software running in the " "computer to use to control the computer. A documentation gap as such " "doesn't mean the computer is actively disloyal, but does mean there are some " "aspect of it that are not at your service. Depending on what that aspect " "does, this might or might not be a real problem." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "We ask readers to send criticisms and suggestions about this definition to " "<a href=\"mailto:computer-principles@gnu.org\"> " "<computer-principles@gnu.org></a>." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "Loyalty as defined here is the most basic criterion we could think of that " "is meaningful. It does not require that all the software in the computer be " "free. However, the presence of <a " "href=\"/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html\">nonfree software " "in the computer</a> is an obstacle to verifying that the computer is loyal, " "or making sure it remains so." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><h3> msgid "History" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "Here is the list of substantive changes in this page." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li> msgid "" "<a " "href=\"//web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/www/philosophy/loyal-computers.html?r1=1.5&r2=1.6\">Version " "1.6</a>: Add installability requirement." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li> msgid "" "<a " "href=\"//web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/www/philosophy/loyal-computers.html?r1=1.4&r2=1.5\">Version " "1.5</a>: Full documentation is not a requirement for loyalty." msgstr "" #. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes. #. type: Content of: <div> msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S NOTES*" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><div><p> msgid "" "Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to <a " "href=\"mailto:gnu@gnu.org\"><gnu@gnu.org></a>. There are also <a " "href=\"/contact/\">other ways to contact</a> the FSF. Broken links and " "other corrections or suggestions can be sent to <a " "href=\"mailto:webmasters@gnu.org\"><webmasters@gnu.org></a>." msgstr "" #. TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph, #. replace it with the translation of these two: # #. We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality #. translations. However, we are not exempt from imperfection. #. Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard #. to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org"> # #. <web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p> # #. <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of #. our web pages, see <a #. href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations #. README</a>. #. type: Content of: <div><div><p> msgid "" "Please see the <a " "href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html\">Translations README</a> " "for information on coordinating and contributing translations of this " "article." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "Copyright © 2014, 2015, 2019, 2021 Free Software Foundation, Inc." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "This page is licensed under a <a rel=\"license\" " "href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/\">Creative Commons " "Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License</a>." msgstr "" #. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits. #. type: Content of: <div><div> msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S CREDITS*" msgstr "" #. timestamp start #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "Updated:" msgstr ""