msgid "" "Interview with Richard Stallman (2001) - GNU Project - Free Software " "Foundation" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><h2> msgid "Interview with Richard Stallman (2001)" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><address> msgid "conducted by Louis Suarez-Potts" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "Richard M. Stallman is the most forceful and famous practitioner/theorist of " "<a href=\"/philosophy/free-sw.html\">free software</a>, a term he " "coined. “Free” here means free as in “free speech,” " "not free as in “free beer.” Stallman's most famous intervention " "in the “free software” movement has surely been the GNU General " "Public License (<a href=\"/licenses/gpl.html\">GPL</a>), which Stallman " "created around 1985 as a general license that could be applied to any " "program. The license codifies the concept of “<a " "href=\"/licenses/copyleft.html\">copyleft</a>,” the “central " "idea” of which Stallman has described as giving “everyone " "permission to run the program, copy the program, modify the program, and " "distribute modified versions, but not permission to add restrictions of " "their own. Thus, the crucial freedoms that define ‘free " "software’ are guaranteed to everyone who has a copy; they become " "inalienable rights” (Stallman, “The GNU Operating System and the " "Free Software Movement,” in DiBona, <cite>Open Sources: Voices from " "the Open Source Revolution</cite>)" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "Every free-software license since probably owes its existence to Stallman's " "vision, including those licenses by which OpenOffice.org code is " "governed. Stallman's work is of course resolutely practical. A short list of " "his coding accomplishments would include Emacs as well as most of the " "components of the GNU/Linux system, which he either wrote or helped " "write. In 1990, Stallman received a <a " "href=\"https://www.macfound.org/fellows/class-of-1990/richard-m-stallman\"> " "McArthur Foundation fellowship</a>; he has used the funds given him to " "further his free software work. (See Moody, <cite>Rebel Code</cite> for a " "good account of Stallman's mission.)" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "The opportunity for this interview arose when I saw Stallman lecture at " "Sun's Cupertino campus in May. At that time, I requested an email interview " "with Stallman. He assented, and shortly after, I submitted the series of " "questions below, to which he responded, often at length. However, my " "efforts for a follow-up failed, so this interview is only the first pass. As " "a consequence, I was unable to extend (and challenge) some interesting " "avenues; I have also provided as much context as possible for Stallman's " "politics in the links. It goes without saying that Stallman's views are his " "own and do not necessarily represent mine or those of OpenOffice.org." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "For more information, readers are encouraged to visit the <a " "href=\"/home.html\">GNU website</a>, as well as <a " "href=\"https://www.stallman.org\">Stallman's personal site</a>." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><blockquote><p> msgid "" "I would like, in this interview, to focus on your current work, and on the " "problematic of what kind of society we should like to live in. Your focus " "now—and for at least the last seventeen years—has been on " "working to make the social arrangements for using software more ethical." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><blockquote><p> msgid "" "But, [briefly,] what do you mean by the notion of a what I call here a more " "ethical society?" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "We need to encourage the spirit of cooperation, by respecting other people's " "freedom to cooperate and not advancing schemes to divide and dominate them." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><blockquote><p> msgid "" "This takes us to a point that is quite important and that I am hoping you " "can clarify for our readers. The term you prefer for your ethic is " "“free software,” where the word “free” means freedom " "from constraints and not free to take. But the term that more and more " "people are using is “Open Source,” a term of quite recent " "vintage (1998), and, from your perspective, filled with significant " "problems. Of the two, free software is a term that implies an ethic of " "living and holds out the promise of a more just society; the other, " "“open source,” does not." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><blockquote><p> msgid "" "Is that a fair statement? Would you address that issue, and clarify the " "distinctions for our readers?" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "That is exactly right. Someone once said it this way: open source is a " "development methodology; free software is a political philosophy (or a " "social movement)." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "The <a href=\"https://opensource.org\">open source movement</a> focuses on " "convincing business that it can profit by respecting the users' freedom to " "share and change software. We in the <a href=\"https://www.fsf.org/\">free " "software movement</a> appreciate those efforts, but we believe that there is " "a more important issue at stake: all programmers [owe] an ethical obligation " "to respect those freedoms for other people. Profit is not wrong in itself, " "but it can't justify mistreating other people." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><blockquote><p> msgid "" "Along these lines, there has been considerable confusion over how to name " "your idea of an ethical society. Mistakenly, many would assert that you are " "suggesting a <a " "href=\"https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1847/11/prin-com.htm\">communism</a>." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "Anyone who criticizes certain business practices can expect to be called " "“communist” from time to time. This is a way of changing the " "subject and evading the issue. If people believe the charges, they don't " "listen to what the critics really say. (It is much easier to attack " "communism than to attack the views of the free software movement.)" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><blockquote><p> msgid "" "Pekka Himanen, in his recent work, the <cite>Hacker Ethic</cite>, has " "rightly countered these claims. I would go further: that what you suggest is " "close to what political theorists such as <a " "href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20010604041229/http://www.gwu.edu/~ccps/etzioni/index.html\"> " "Amitai Etzioni</a> would describe as a communitarianism (see, for instance, " "<a " "href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20210509231234/https://communitariannetwork.org/about\"> " "communitariannetwork.org/about</a>). And communitarianism is by no means " "hostile to the market economy that most people associate with " "capitalism. Quite the opposite. Would you speak to what could be called the " "politics of your ethical system?" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "There is a place in life for business, but business should not be allowed " "dominate everyone's life. The original idea of democracy was to give the " "many a way to check the power of the wealthy few." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "Today business (and its owners) has far too much political power, and this " "undermines democracy in the US and abroad. Candidates face an effective veto " "by business, so they dare not disobey its orders." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "The power to make laws is being transferred from elected legislatures to " "nondemocratic bodies such as the <a " "href=\"https://www.fpif.org/reports/world_trade_organization\"> World Trade " "Organization</a>, which was designed <a " "href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20090210222102/https://www.citizen.org/trade/wto/Qatar/seattle_mini/articles.cfm?ID=5468\"> " "to subordinate public health, environmental protection, labor standards, and " "the general standard of living to the interests of business</a>. Under <a " "href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20140328210905/http://www.citizen.org/trade/article_redirect.cfm?ID=6473\"> " "NAFTA [North American Free Trade Associtation]</a>, a Canadian company which " "was convicted in Mississippi of anticompetitive practices is <a " "href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20051229084719/http://www.citizen.org:80/trade/nafta/chapter11/articles.cfm?ID=1173\">suing</a> " "for Federal compensation for its lost business due to the conviction. They " "claim that NAFTA takes away states' right to make laws against " "anticompetitive practices." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "But business is not satisfied yet. The proposed <a " "href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20190515002131/http://www.ftaa-alca.org/\"> " "FTAA [Free Trade Area of the Americas]</a> would require all governments to " "privatize their [public facilities] such as schools, water supply, record " "keeping, even social security. This is what Bush wants “<a " "href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fast_track_%28trade%29\">fast " "track</a>” authority to push through." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "<a " "href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20130607095126/http://www.canadians.org/trade/issues/FTAA/Quebec/index.html\"> " "Peaceful protestors against the FTAA in Quebec were violently attacked by " "police</a>, who then blamed the fighting on the protestors. One protestor " "standing on the street was shot in the throat with a plastic bullet at a " "range of 20 feet. He is maimed for life, and seeks to press charges of " "attempted murder—if the cops will reveal who shot him." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "One protest organizer was attacked on the street by a gang that got out of a " "van, knocked him down, and beat him up. When his friends came to the rescue, " "the gang revealed itself as undercover police and took him away." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "Whatever democracy survives the globalization treaties is likely to be " "crushed by the efforts to suppress <a " "href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20010515200253/http://stopftaa.org/\"> " "opposition to them</a>." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><blockquote><p> msgid "" "The most immediate criticism of your insistence on ethics would be that the " "ethic of free software is fine, but not relevant to the real world of " "business." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "With over half the world's Web sites running on GNU/Linux and <a " "href=\"https://www.apache.org\">Apache</a>, that is evidently just FUD. You " "should not give such falsehoods credibility by appearing to take them " "seriously yourself." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><blockquote><p> msgid "" "I think it is worse to leave implicit lies unanswered than to address them " "directly. The thrust of my argument was that Microsoft, for instance, would " "and does claim that free software does not make money and rather loses " "money. They argue it's a bad idea all around. I don't think that Microsoft " "is to be ignored, just as the WTO should not be ignored. But: my question " "was to suggest a rebuttal this self-evident FUD, not to credit the errors of " "others." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><blockquote><p> msgid "" "So, I'll rephrase my question: Microsoft has attacked the GPL as business " "foolishness that is also bad for “America” (whatever that " "means). They don't care about community ethics. How do you then counter " "their FUD, or for that matter, the FUD of those who share Microsoft's views?" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "Stallman did not respond to this query for clarification, but as it " "happened, a <a href=\"/philosophy/rms-nyu-2001-transcript.html\">speech</a> " "he recently presented at New York University responded to Microsoft's " "propaganda. The Free Software Foundation has presented a <a " "href=\"/press/2001-05-04-GPL.html\">defense</a>, of free software, as well." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "[To return to the interview…]" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><blockquote><p> msgid "" "On a more individual level, how would you address the criticism of person " "who would like to follow your ethical standards but feels she cannot because " "she wants also to make money from her intellectual work?" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "This hypothetical person appears to believe that developing free software is " "incompatible with being paid. If so, she is misinformed—hundreds of " "people are now paid to develop free software. Some of them work for " "Sun. She is challenging us to solve a problem that doesn't really exist." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "But what if she can't get one of these free software jobs? That could " "happen—not everybody can get them today. But it doesn't excuse " "developing proprietary software. A desire for profit is not wrong in itself, " "but it isn't the sort of urgent overriding cause that could excuse " "mistreating others. Proprietary software divides the users and keeps them " "helpless, and that is wrong. Nobody should do that." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "So what should she do instead? Anything else. She could get a job in another " "field. But she doesn't have to go that far—most software development " "is custom software, not meant to be published either as free software or as " "proprietary software. In most cases, she can do that without raising an " "ethical issue. It isn't heroism, but it isn't villainy either." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><blockquote><p> msgid "But copyright can be thought of as an author's friend." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "In the age of the printing press, that was true: <a " "href=\"https://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/ukgwa/20140603100055/http://www.ipo.gov.uk/types/copy/c-about/c-history.htm\">copyright</a> " "was an industrial restriction on publishers, requiring them to pay the " "author of a book. It did not restrict the readers, because the actions it " "restricted were things only a publisher could do." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "But this is not true any more. Now copyright is a restriction on the public, " "for the sake of the publishers, who give the authors a small handout to buy " "their support against the public." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><blockquote><p> msgid "In the current situation, then, who benefits most from copyright?" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "The publishers." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><blockquote><p> msgid "" "Were I freelancing again, I would not want to release my works without the " "minimal security of payment for my labor copyright affords." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "You could do that without copyright. It is part of your business dealings " "with the magazine you are writing for." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "But please note that I don't say copyright should be entirely abolished. You " "can disagree with what I said, but it makes no sense to attack me for things " "I did not say. What I said in my speech was that software which is published " "should be free." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><blockquote><p> msgid "" "For a more detailed accounting of Stallman's views regarding copyright as " "extended to fields outside of software, readers are urged to go to the <a " "href=\"/home.html\">GNU web site</a>, and to Stallman's <a " "href=\"https://www.stallman.org\">personal site</a>. In particular, readers " "might want to look at “<a " "href=\"/philosophy/copyright-and-globalization.html\">Copyright and " "Globalization in the Age of Computer Networks</a>” presented at the " "Massachusetts Institute of Technology in Cambridge, Massachusetts on 19 " "April 2001. Discussing his views on copyright as extended to non-software " "fields, Stallman mentioned, in the interview, “Those are ideas that I " "came to after some years of working on free software. People asked me the " "question, ‘How do these ideas extend to other kinds of " "information,’ so in the 90s I started thinking about the " "question. This speech gives my thought on the question.”" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "On another point: recently, Argentina became the first country to consider " "requiring all government offices to use free software (see, for instance, <a " "href=\"https://www.wired.com/2001/05/argentina-mulls-open-source-move/\"> " "www.wired.com/2001/05/argentina-mulls-open-source-move</a>)." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "I think the regulation is still being discussed—not adopted yet." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><blockquote><p> msgid "" "As far as I know, that is still the case… However, whether the " "legislation has been implemented or not, the news is still encouraging, as " "at least free software is being considered seriously as a legitimate " "option. What does this (and other news) suggest regarding your future " "efforts? That is, are you going to pitch the cause more strongly to " "developing nations?" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "Yes. I am on my way to South Africa in two weeks [from the time of this " "writing, mid-May], and a Free Software Foundation is being started in " "India. There is also great interest in Brazil." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><blockquote><p> msgid "" "A last point. The so-called “Open Source” movement is by and " "large devoid of humor. Not so the “Free Software” movement. You, " "in your lectures and in your song, provide a gratifying humorousness. I'd " "like to finish by asking, What do you accomplish by this?" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "I accomplish mirth. That's the hacker spirit—Ha Ha, Only Serious." msgstr "" #. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes. #. type: Content of: <div> msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S NOTES*" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><div><p> msgid "" "Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to <a " "href=\"mailto:gnu@gnu.org\"><gnu@gnu.org></a>. There are also <a " "href=\"/contact/\">other ways to contact</a> the FSF. Broken links and " "other corrections or suggestions can be sent to <a " "href=\"mailto:webmasters@gnu.org\"><webmasters@gnu.org></a>." msgstr "" #. TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph, #. replace it with the translation of these two: # #. We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality #. translations. However, we are not exempt from imperfection. #. Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard #. to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org"> # #. <web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p> # #. <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of #. our web pages, see <a #. href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations #. README</a>. #. type: Content of: <div><div><p> msgid "" "Please see the <a " "href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html\">Translations README</a> " "for information on coordinating and contributing translations of this " "article." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "Copyright © 2001, 2021, 2022, 2023, 2024 Free Software Foundation, Inc." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "This page is licensed under a <a rel=\"license\" " "href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/\">Creative Commons " "Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License</a>." msgstr "" #. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits. #. type: Content of: <div><div> msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S CREDITS*" msgstr "" #. timestamp start #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "Updated:" msgstr ""

# LANGUAGE translation of https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/luispo-rms-interview.html # Copyright (C) YEAR Free Software Foundation, Inc. # This file is distributed under the same license as the original article. # FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. # #, fuzzy msgid "" msgstr "" "Project-Id-Version: luispo-rms-interview.html\n" "POT-Creation-Date: 2024-01-01 05:26+0000\n" "PO-Revision-Date: YEAR-MO-DA HO:MI+ZONE\n" "Last-Translator: FULL NAME \n" "Language-Team: LANGUAGE \n" "Language: \n" "MIME-Version: 1.0\n" "Content-Type: text/plain; charset=CHARSET\n" "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" #. type: Content of: msgid "" "Interview with Richard Stallman (2001) - GNU Project - Free Software " "Foundation" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><h2> msgid "Interview with Richard Stallman (2001)" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><address> msgid "conducted by Louis Suarez-Potts" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "Richard M. Stallman is the most forceful and famous practitioner/theorist of " "<a href=\"/philosophy/free-sw.html\">free software</a>, a term he " "coined. “Free” here means free as in “free speech,” " "not free as in “free beer.” Stallman's most famous intervention " "in the “free software” movement has surely been the GNU General " "Public License (<a href=\"/licenses/gpl.html\">GPL</a>), which Stallman " "created around 1985 as a general license that could be applied to any " "program. The license codifies the concept of “<a " "href=\"/licenses/copyleft.html\">copyleft</a>,” the “central " "idea” of which Stallman has described as giving “everyone " "permission to run the program, copy the program, modify the program, and " "distribute modified versions, but not permission to add restrictions of " "their own. Thus, the crucial freedoms that define ‘free " "software’ are guaranteed to everyone who has a copy; they become " "inalienable rights” (Stallman, “The GNU Operating System and the " "Free Software Movement,” in DiBona, <cite>Open Sources: Voices from " "the Open Source Revolution</cite>)" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "Every free-software license since probably owes its existence to Stallman's " "vision, including those licenses by which OpenOffice.org code is " "governed. Stallman's work is of course resolutely practical. A short list of " "his coding accomplishments would include Emacs as well as most of the " "components of the GNU/Linux system, which he either wrote or helped " "write. In 1990, Stallman received a <a " "href=\"https://www.macfound.org/fellows/class-of-1990/richard-m-stallman\"> " "McArthur Foundation fellowship</a>; he has used the funds given him to " "further his free software work. (See Moody, <cite>Rebel Code</cite> for a " "good account of Stallman's mission.)" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "The opportunity for this interview arose when I saw Stallman lecture at " "Sun's Cupertino campus in May. At that time, I requested an email interview " "with Stallman. He assented, and shortly after, I submitted the series of " "questions below, to which he responded, often at length. However, my " "efforts for a follow-up failed, so this interview is only the first pass. As " "a consequence, I was unable to extend (and challenge) some interesting " "avenues; I have also provided as much context as possible for Stallman's " "politics in the links. It goes without saying that Stallman's views are his " "own and do not necessarily represent mine or those of OpenOffice.org." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "For more information, readers are encouraged to visit the <a " "href=\"/home.html\">GNU website</a>, as well as <a " "href=\"https://www.stallman.org\">Stallman's personal site</a>." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><blockquote><p> msgid "" "I would like, in this interview, to focus on your current work, and on the " "problematic of what kind of society we should like to live in. Your focus " "now—and for at least the last seventeen years—has been on " "working to make the social arrangements for using software more ethical." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><blockquote><p> msgid "" "But, [briefly,] what do you mean by the notion of a what I call here a more " "ethical society?" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "We need to encourage the spirit of cooperation, by respecting other people's " "freedom to cooperate and not advancing schemes to divide and dominate them." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><blockquote><p> msgid "" "This takes us to a point that is quite important and that I am hoping you " "can clarify for our readers. The term you prefer for your ethic is " "“free software,” where the word “free” means freedom " "from constraints and not free to take. But the term that more and more " "people are using is “Open Source,” a term of quite recent " "vintage (1998), and, from your perspective, filled with significant " "problems. Of the two, free software is a term that implies an ethic of " "living and holds out the promise of a more just society; the other, " "“open source,” does not." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><blockquote><p> msgid "" "Is that a fair statement? Would you address that issue, and clarify the " "distinctions for our readers?" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "That is exactly right. Someone once said it this way: open source is a " "development methodology; free software is a political philosophy (or a " "social movement)." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "The <a href=\"https://opensource.org\">open source movement</a> focuses on " "convincing business that it can profit by respecting the users' freedom to " "share and change software. We in the <a href=\"https://www.fsf.org/\">free " "software movement</a> appreciate those efforts, but we believe that there is " "a more important issue at stake: all programmers [owe] an ethical obligation " "to respect those freedoms for other people. Profit is not wrong in itself, " "but it can't justify mistreating other people." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><blockquote><p> msgid "" "Along these lines, there has been considerable confusion over how to name " "your idea of an ethical society. Mistakenly, many would assert that you are " "suggesting a <a " "href=\"https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1847/11/prin-com.htm\">communism</a>." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "Anyone who criticizes certain business practices can expect to be called " "“communist” from time to time. This is a way of changing the " "subject and evading the issue. If people believe the charges, they don't " "listen to what the critics really say. (It is much easier to attack " "communism than to attack the views of the free software movement.)" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><blockquote><p> msgid "" "Pekka Himanen, in his recent work, the <cite>Hacker Ethic</cite>, has " "rightly countered these claims. I would go further: that what you suggest is " "close to what political theorists such as <a " "href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20010604041229/http://www.gwu.edu/~ccps/etzioni/index.html\"> " "Amitai Etzioni</a> would describe as a communitarianism (see, for instance, " "<a " "href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20210509231234/https://communitariannetwork.org/about\"> " "communitariannetwork.org/about</a>). And communitarianism is by no means " "hostile to the market economy that most people associate with " "capitalism. Quite the opposite. Would you speak to what could be called the " "politics of your ethical system?" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "There is a place in life for business, but business should not be allowed " "dominate everyone's life. The original idea of democracy was to give the " "many a way to check the power of the wealthy few." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "Today business (and its owners) has far too much political power, and this " "undermines democracy in the US and abroad. Candidates face an effective veto " "by business, so they dare not disobey its orders." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "The power to make laws is being transferred from elected legislatures to " "nondemocratic bodies such as the <a " "href=\"https://www.fpif.org/reports/world_trade_organization\"> World Trade " "Organization</a>, which was designed <a " "href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20090210222102/https://www.citizen.org/trade/wto/Qatar/seattle_mini/articles.cfm?ID=5468\"> " "to subordinate public health, environmental protection, labor standards, and " "the general standard of living to the interests of business</a>. Under <a " "href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20140328210905/http://www.citizen.org/trade/article_redirect.cfm?ID=6473\"> " "NAFTA [North American Free Trade Associtation]</a>, a Canadian company which " "was convicted in Mississippi of anticompetitive practices is <a " "href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20051229084719/http://www.citizen.org:80/trade/nafta/chapter11/articles.cfm?ID=1173\">suing</a> " "for Federal compensation for its lost business due to the conviction. They " "claim that NAFTA takes away states' right to make laws against " "anticompetitive practices." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "But business is not satisfied yet. The proposed <a " "href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20190515002131/http://www.ftaa-alca.org/\"> " "FTAA [Free Trade Area of the Americas]</a> would require all governments to " "privatize their [public facilities] such as schools, water supply, record " "keeping, even social security. This is what Bush wants “<a " "href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fast_track_%28trade%29\">fast " "track</a>” authority to push through." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "<a " "href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20130607095126/http://www.canadians.org/trade/issues/FTAA/Quebec/index.html\"> " "Peaceful protestors against the FTAA in Quebec were violently attacked by " "police</a>, who then blamed the fighting on the protestors. One protestor " "standing on the street was shot in the throat with a plastic bullet at a " "range of 20 feet. He is maimed for life, and seeks to press charges of " "attempted murder—if the cops will reveal who shot him." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "One protest organizer was attacked on the street by a gang that got out of a " "van, knocked him down, and beat him up. When his friends came to the rescue, " "the gang revealed itself as undercover police and took him away." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "Whatever democracy survives the globalization treaties is likely to be " "crushed by the efforts to suppress <a " "href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20010515200253/http://stopftaa.org/\"> " "opposition to them</a>." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><blockquote><p> msgid "" "The most immediate criticism of your insistence on ethics would be that the " "ethic of free software is fine, but not relevant to the real world of " "business." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "With over half the world's Web sites running on GNU/Linux and <a " "href=\"https://www.apache.org\">Apache</a>, that is evidently just FUD. You " "should not give such falsehoods credibility by appearing to take them " "seriously yourself." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><blockquote><p> msgid "" "I think it is worse to leave implicit lies unanswered than to address them " "directly. The thrust of my argument was that Microsoft, for instance, would " "and does claim that free software does not make money and rather loses " "money. They argue it's a bad idea all around. I don't think that Microsoft " "is to be ignored, just as the WTO should not be ignored. But: my question " "was to suggest a rebuttal this self-evident FUD, not to credit the errors of " "others." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><blockquote><p> msgid "" "So, I'll rephrase my question: Microsoft has attacked the GPL as business " "foolishness that is also bad for “America” (whatever that " "means). They don't care about community ethics. How do you then counter " "their FUD, or for that matter, the FUD of those who share Microsoft's views?" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "Stallman did not respond to this query for clarification, but as it " "happened, a <a href=\"/philosophy/rms-nyu-2001-transcript.html\">speech</a> " "he recently presented at New York University responded to Microsoft's " "propaganda. The Free Software Foundation has presented a <a " "href=\"/press/2001-05-04-GPL.html\">defense</a>, of free software, as well." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "[To return to the interview…]" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><blockquote><p> msgid "" "On a more individual level, how would you address the criticism of person " "who would like to follow your ethical standards but feels she cannot because " "she wants also to make money from her intellectual work?" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "This hypothetical person appears to believe that developing free software is " "incompatible with being paid. If so, she is misinformed—hundreds of " "people are now paid to develop free software. Some of them work for " "Sun. She is challenging us to solve a problem that doesn't really exist." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "But what if she can't get one of these free software jobs? That could " "happen—not everybody can get them today. But it doesn't excuse " "developing proprietary software. A desire for profit is not wrong in itself, " "but it isn't the sort of urgent overriding cause that could excuse " "mistreating others. Proprietary software divides the users and keeps them " "helpless, and that is wrong. Nobody should do that." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "So what should she do instead? Anything else. She could get a job in another " "field. But she doesn't have to go that far—most software development " "is custom software, not meant to be published either as free software or as " "proprietary software. In most cases, she can do that without raising an " "ethical issue. It isn't heroism, but it isn't villainy either." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><blockquote><p> msgid "But copyright can be thought of as an author's friend." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "In the age of the printing press, that was true: <a " "href=\"https://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/ukgwa/20140603100055/http://www.ipo.gov.uk/types/copy/c-about/c-history.htm\">copyright</a> " "was an industrial restriction on publishers, requiring them to pay the " "author of a book. It did not restrict the readers, because the actions it " "restricted were things only a publisher could do." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "But this is not true any more. Now copyright is a restriction on the public, " "for the sake of the publishers, who give the authors a small handout to buy " "their support against the public." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><blockquote><p> msgid "In the current situation, then, who benefits most from copyright?" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "The publishers." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><blockquote><p> msgid "" "Were I freelancing again, I would not want to release my works without the " "minimal security of payment for my labor copyright affords." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "You could do that without copyright. It is part of your business dealings " "with the magazine you are writing for." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "But please note that I don't say copyright should be entirely abolished. You " "can disagree with what I said, but it makes no sense to attack me for things " "I did not say. What I said in my speech was that software which is published " "should be free." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><blockquote><p> msgid "" "For a more detailed accounting of Stallman's views regarding copyright as " "extended to fields outside of software, readers are urged to go to the <a " "href=\"/home.html\">GNU web site</a>, and to Stallman's <a " "href=\"https://www.stallman.org\">personal site</a>. In particular, readers " "might want to look at “<a " "href=\"/philosophy/copyright-and-globalization.html\">Copyright and " "Globalization in the Age of Computer Networks</a>” presented at the " "Massachusetts Institute of Technology in Cambridge, Massachusetts on 19 " "April 2001. Discussing his views on copyright as extended to non-software " "fields, Stallman mentioned, in the interview, “Those are ideas that I " "came to after some years of working on free software. People asked me the " "question, ‘How do these ideas extend to other kinds of " "information,’ so in the 90s I started thinking about the " "question. This speech gives my thought on the question.”" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "On another point: recently, Argentina became the first country to consider " "requiring all government offices to use free software (see, for instance, <a " "href=\"https://www.wired.com/2001/05/argentina-mulls-open-source-move/\"> " "www.wired.com/2001/05/argentina-mulls-open-source-move</a>)." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "I think the regulation is still being discussed—not adopted yet." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><blockquote><p> msgid "" "As far as I know, that is still the case… However, whether the " "legislation has been implemented or not, the news is still encouraging, as " "at least free software is being considered seriously as a legitimate " "option. What does this (and other news) suggest regarding your future " "efforts? That is, are you going to pitch the cause more strongly to " "developing nations?" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "Yes. I am on my way to South Africa in two weeks [from the time of this " "writing, mid-May], and a Free Software Foundation is being started in " "India. There is also great interest in Brazil." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><blockquote><p> msgid "" "A last point. The so-called “Open Source” movement is by and " "large devoid of humor. Not so the “Free Software” movement. You, " "in your lectures and in your song, provide a gratifying humorousness. I'd " "like to finish by asking, What do you accomplish by this?" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "I accomplish mirth. That's the hacker spirit—Ha Ha, Only Serious." msgstr "" #. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes. #. type: Content of: <div> msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S NOTES*" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><div><p> msgid "" "Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to <a " "href=\"mailto:gnu@gnu.org\"><gnu@gnu.org></a>. There are also <a " "href=\"/contact/\">other ways to contact</a> the FSF. Broken links and " "other corrections or suggestions can be sent to <a " "href=\"mailto:webmasters@gnu.org\"><webmasters@gnu.org></a>." msgstr "" #. TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph, #. replace it with the translation of these two: # #. We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality #. translations. However, we are not exempt from imperfection. #. Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard #. to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org"> # #. <web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p> # #. <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of #. our web pages, see <a #. href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations #. README</a>. #. type: Content of: <div><div><p> msgid "" "Please see the <a " "href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html\">Translations README</a> " "for information on coordinating and contributing translations of this " "article." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "Copyright © 2001, 2021, 2022, 2023, 2024 Free Software Foundation, Inc." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "This page is licensed under a <a rel=\"license\" " "href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/\">Creative Commons " "Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License</a>." msgstr "" #. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits. #. type: Content of: <div><div> msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S CREDITS*" msgstr "" #. timestamp start #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "Updated:" msgstr ""