# LANGUAGE translation of https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/netscape-npl-old.html # Copyright (C) YEAR Free Software Foundation, Inc. # This file is distributed under the same license as the original article. # FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. # #, fuzzy msgid "" msgstr "" "Project-Id-Version: netscape-npl-old.html\n" "POT-Creation-Date: 2021-09-05 09:56+0000\n" "PO-Revision-Date: YEAR-MO-DA HO:MI+ZONE\n" "Last-Translator: FULL NAME \n" "Language-Team: LANGUAGE \n" "Language: \n" "MIME-Version: 1.0\n" "Content-Type: text/plain; charset=CHARSET\n" "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" #. type: Content of: msgid "" "On the Netscape Public License (Original Version) - GNU Project - Free " "Software Foundation" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><h2> msgid "On the Netscape Public License (Original Version)" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><address> msgid "by <a href=\"https://www.stallman.org/\">Richard Stallman</a>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><div><p> msgid "" "<em>This article was written March 10-12 1998, about the draft of the NPL " "which was available at that time.</em>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "The Netscape Public License or NPL represents a serious attempt to design " "new free software distribution terms. It is an interesting attempt, but it " "has major flaws which need to be corrected. One flaw is so serious that we " "should regard it as making a program nonfree. The others have diverse " "consequences: one sends a bad philosophical message, while another creates a " "major practical problem for the free software community." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "The NPL is still a draft, and still being changed; the aim of this article " "is not to attack and condemn, but to encourage improvements in the NPL. If " "some of these problems have been corrected by the time you read this, so " "much the better, and we can put those obsolete issues aside." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><h3> msgid "1. Not all users are equal" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "The first problem I noticed in the NPL was that it does not give Netscape " "and the rest of us equal rights, as the GNU GPL does. Under the NPL, we can " "use Netscape's code only as specified in the NPL, but Netscape can use our " "changes in any way at all—even in proprietary licensed versions of the " "software." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "The problem here is subtle, because this does not make the program nonfree. " "It does not stop us from redistributing the program, or from changing it; it " "does not deny us any particular freedom. Considered from a purely pragmatic " "viewpoint, it may not look like a problem at all." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "The problem lies in the deeper message embodied in this condition. It " "denies the idea of cooperation among equals that our community rests on, and " "says that working on a free program means contributing to a proprietary " "software product. Those who accept this condition are likely to be changed " "by it, and the change will not strengthen our community." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "One proposed solution for this asymmetry is to put a time limit on " "it—perhaps three or five years. That would be a big improvement, " "because the time limit would deny the problematical deeper message." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "The practical effects of this condition are minimized by another drawback of " "the NPL: it is not designed as a thorough copyleft. In other words, it does " "not try very hard to ensure that modifications made by users are available " "as free software." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><h3> msgid "2. Not a copyleft" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "The NPL has the form of a copyleft; it explicitly says that all " "modifications made by users must be released under the NPL. But this " "applies only to modifications to the existing code—not to added " "subroutines, if they are put in separate files. As a practical matter, this " "means it is easy to make proprietary changes if you want to: just put the " "bulk of your code into a separate file, and call the collection a Larger " "Work. Only the subroutine calls added to the old files will have to be " "released under the NPL, and they will not be very useful on their own." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "The lack of real copyleft is not a catastrophe; it does not make the " "software nonfree. For example, the XFree86 distribution terms do not try to " "use copyleft at all, yet XFree86 is free software nonetheless. BSD is also " "non-copylefted free software (although the BSD terms have a <a " "href=\"/licenses/bsd.html\">serious drawback</a> and should not be " "imitated—if you want to release non-copylefted free software, please " "use the XFree86 terms instead). Netscape software can also be <a " "href=\"/philosophy/categories.html\">free software</a> without being " "copylefted." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "However, while this is not catastrophic, it is nonetheless a drawback. And " "because the NPL looks like a copyleft, some users may be confused about it, " "and might adopt the NPL, thinking that they are obtaining the benefits of " "copyleft for their software, when that is not the case. To avoid this " "outcome, we will need to work hard to educate people about an issue that is " "not easy to explain in a few words." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><h3> msgid "3. Not respecting privacy" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "The next problem in the NPL is a show-stopper: if you make a change, you are " "required to publish it. Private changes for your own use are not allowed; " "distributing a change only to a few friends is also forbidden." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "When we think about the issues of free software, we usually focus on the " "freedom to distribute and modify, because this is what software developers " "most often try to prevent. But the freedom NOT to distribute a copy, when " "you don't wish to, is also important. For example, the freedom to make a " "modification and not show it to anyone is part of what we call " "“privacy.” The freedom to distribute your modification to a few " "friends, but not show it to the general public (or not show it YET) is also " "essential. (Of course, if the program is free, your friends will be free to " "pass it on to others if they want to—but they will not be required " "to.)" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "Correcting the NPL to respect this basic freedom is absolutely essential, " "and our community must insist firmly on this. It is not worth sacrificing a " "vital freedom for one additional program, no matter how useful and exciting " "it may be." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><h3> msgid "4. Not compatible with the GPL" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "There is one other serious problem in the NPL: it is incompatible with the " "GNU GPL. It is impossible to combine NPL-covered code and GNU GPL-covered " "code together in one program, not even by linking separate object files or " "libraries; no matter how this is done, it has to violate one license or the " "other." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "This conflict occurs because the GPL is serious about copyleft: it was " "designed to ensure that all changes and extensions to a free program must be " "free. So it does not leave a loophole for making changes proprietary by " "putting them into a separate file. To close this loophole, the GPL does not " "allow linking the copylefted program with code that has other restrictions " "or conditions—such as the NPL." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "Being incompatible with the GPL does not make a program nonfree; it does not " "raise a basic ethical issue. But it is likely to create a serious problem " "for our community, dividing the code base into two collections that cannot " "be mixed. As a practical matter, this problem needs to be solved." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "Solving this by changing the GPL is possible, but that would entail " "abandoning copyleft—which would do more harm than good. But it is " "possible to solve this problem with a small change in the NPL. (See below " "for a specific way of doing this.)" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><h3> msgid "5. A note about names" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "NPL stands for Netscape Public License, but GPL does not stand for GNU " "Public License. The full name of the our license is the GNU General Public " "License, abbreviated GNU GPL. Sometimes people leave out the word " "“GNU” and write just GPL." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><h3> msgid "Conclusion" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "Since problems 3 and 4 are the most serious, I hope that people will " "politely and rationally explain to Netscape the importance of solving them. " "Solutions are available; they just have to decide to use them. There is " "talk that Netscape has decided to correct problem 3—but letting them " "know this is important to you can't do any harm. There is no word that they " "plan to correct problem 4." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "Here is a possible way to permit linking NPL-covered code and GPL-covered " "code together. It can be done by adding these two paragraphs to the NPL:" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><pre> #, no-wrap msgid "" "A.1. You may distribute a Covered Work under the terms of the GNU\n" " General Public License, version 2 or newer, as published by the\n" " Free Software Foundation, when it is included in a Larger Work\n" " which is as a whole distributed under the terms of the same\n" " version of the GNU General Public License.\n" "\n" "A.2. If you have received a copy of a Larger Work under the terms of a\n" " version or a choice of versions of the GNU General Public\n" " License, and you make modifications to some NPL-covered portions\n" " of this Larger Work, you have the option of altering these\n" " portions to say that their distribution terms are that version or\n" " that choice of versions of GNU General Public License.\n" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "This allows people to combine NPL-covered code with GPL-covered code, and to " "distribute the combined work under the terms of the GNU GPL." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "It permits people to release modifications to such combined works under the " "terms of the GNU GPL—but the easiest way to release them is under the " "NPL." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "When people take advantage of A.2, their changes will be released only under " "the terms of the GNU GPL; so these changes would not be available for " "Netscape to use in proprietary versions. It makes sense that Netscape would " "see this as unfortunate." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "However, the NPL gives proprietary software developers an easy way to make " "their changes entirely unavailable to Netscape—by putting their code " "into separate files and calling the combination a Larger Work. In fact, " "this is easier, for them, than A.2 is for GPL users." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "If Netscape feels it can live with the trouble of (effectively) proprietary " "modifications, surely the trouble of GPL-covered modifications is a small by " "comparison. If Netscape believes that practical considerations will " "encourage most of the proprietary software world to release its changes back " "to Netscape, without being compelled to, the same reasons ought to apply in " "the free software world as well. Netscape should recognize that this change " "is acceptable, and adopt it, to avoid confronting free software developers " "with a serious dilemma." msgstr "" #. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes. #. type: Content of: <div> msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S NOTES*" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><div><p> msgid "" "Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to <a " "href=\"mailto:gnu@gnu.org\"><gnu@gnu.org></a>. There are also <a " "href=\"/contact/\">other ways to contact</a> the FSF. Broken links and " "other corrections or suggestions can be sent to <a " "href=\"mailto:webmasters@gnu.org\"><webmasters@gnu.org></a>." msgstr "" #. TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph, #. replace it with the translation of these two: # #. We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality #. translations. However, we are not exempt from imperfection. #. 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TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits. #. type: Content of: <div><div> msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S CREDITS*" msgstr "" #. timestamp start #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "Updated:" msgstr ""