# LANGUAGE translation of https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/no-ip-ethos.html # Copyright (C) YEAR Free Software Foundation, Inc. # This file is distributed under the same license as the original article. # FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. # #, fuzzy msgid "" msgstr "" "Project-Id-Version: no-ip-ethos.html\n" "POT-Creation-Date: 2021-09-27 08:55+0000\n" "PO-Revision-Date: YEAR-MO-DA HO:MI+ZONE\n" "Last-Translator: FULL NAME \n" "Language-Team: LANGUAGE \n" "Language: \n" "MIME-Version: 1.0\n" "Content-Type: text/plain; charset=CHARSET\n" "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" #. type: Content of: msgid "" "Don't Let “Intellectual Property” Twist Your Ethos - GNU Project " "- Free Software Foundation" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><h2> msgid "Don't Let “Intellectual Property” Twist Your Ethos" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><address> msgid "by <a href=\"https://www.stallman.org/\">Richard Stallman</a>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "<i>June 09, 2006</i>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "Most free software licenses are based on copyright law, and for good reason: " "Copyright law is much more uniform among countries than contract law, which " "is the other possible choice." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "There's another reason not to use contract law: It would require every " "distributor to get a user's formal assent to the contract before providing a " "copy. To hand someone a CD without getting his signature first would be " "forbidden. What a pain in the neck!" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "It's true that in countries like China, where copyright law is generally not " "enforced, we may also have trouble enforcing free software license " "agreements, as Heather Meeker suggests in her recent " "<cite>LinuxInsider</cite> column, “<a " "href=\"https://linuxinsider.com/story/only-in-america-copyright-law-key-to-global-free-software-model-50421.html\">Only " "in America? Copyright Law Key to Global Free Software Model</a>.”" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "However, this is not a reason to press for more copyright enforcement in " "China. Although we would use it to protect people's freedom, we have to " "recognize that mostly it would be used by the likes of Microsoft, Disney and " "Sony to take it away." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "Ironically, we might have more success enforcing copyright in China than " "Microsoft, Disney and Sony—because what we would want to do is easier." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "Disney wishes to stamp out semi-underground organizations that sell exact " "copies. With free software, regardless of precisely which free license is " "used, that kind of copying is legal. What we want to prevent, when the free " "software license is the GNU <a href=\"/licenses/gpl.html\">GPL</a>, is the " "release of proprietary software products based on our code. That kind of " "abuse is at its worst when carried out by large, well-known " "companies—and they are easier targets for enforcement. So GPL " "enforcement in China is not a lost cause, though it won't be easy." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><h3> msgid "No Chinese Laundry" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "Nonetheless, Meeker's claim that this leads to a global problem is simply " "absurd. You can't “launder” material copyrighted in the U.S. by " "moving it through China, as she ought to know." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "If someone violates the GNU GPL by distributing a nonfree modified version " "of GCC in the U.S., it won't make any difference if it was obtained or " "modified in China. U.S. copyright law will be enforced just the same." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "Although this error might seem to be the central point of Meeker's article, " "it is not. The real central point of the article is the perspective embodied " "in her use of the term “intellectual property.” She uses this " "term pervasively as though it refers to something coherent—something " "it makes sense to talk about and think about. If you believe that, you have " "accepted the article's hidden assumption." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><h3> msgid "Loose Language" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "Sometimes Meeker switches between “intellectual property” and " "“copyright” as if they were two names for the same " "thing. Sometimes she switches between “intellectual property” " "and “patents” as if they were two names for the same " "thing. Having studied those two laws, Meeker knows they are vastly " "different; all they have in common is an abstract sketch of their form." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "Other “intellectual property” laws don't even share that much " "with them. The implication that you can treat them all as the same thing is " "fundamentally misleading." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "Along with the term “intellectual property” goes a false " "understanding of what these laws are for. Meeker speaks of an " "“ethos” of “intellectual property” that exists in " "the U.S. because “intellectual property is in the Constitution.” " "That's the mother of all mistakes." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "What is really in the U.S. Constitution? It doesn't mention " "“intellectual property,” and it says nothing at all about most " "of the laws that term is applied to. Only two of them—copyright law " "and patent law—are treated there." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "What does the Constitution say about them? What is its ethos? It is nothing " "like the “intellectual property ethos” that Meeker imagines." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><h3> msgid "Failure to Execute" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "What the Constitution says is that copyright law and patent law are " "optional. They need not exist. It says that if they do exist, their purpose " "is to provide a public benefit—to promote progress by providing " "artificial incentives." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "They are not rights that their holders are entitled to; they are artificial " "privileges that we might, or might not, want to hand out to encourage people " "to do what we find useful." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "It's a wise policy. Too bad Congress—which has to carry it out on our " "behalf—takes its orders from Hollywood and Microsoft instead of from " "us." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "If you appreciate the U.S. Constitution's wisdom, don't let " "“intellectual property” into your ethos; don't let the " "“intellectual property” meme infect your mind." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "Practically speaking, copyright and patent and trademark law have only one " "thing in common: Each is legitimate only as far as it serves the public " "interest. Your interest in your freedom is a part of the public interest " "that must be served." msgstr "" #. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes. #. type: Content of: <div> msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S NOTES*" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><div><p> msgid "" "Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to <a " "href=\"mailto:gnu@gnu.org\"><gnu@gnu.org></a>. There are also <a " "href=\"/contact/\">other ways to contact</a> the FSF. Broken links and " "other corrections or suggestions can be sent to <a " "href=\"mailto:webmasters@gnu.org\"><webmasters@gnu.org></a>." msgstr "" #. TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph, #. replace it with the translation of these two: # #. We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality #. translations. However, we are not exempt from imperfection. #. Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard #. to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org"> # #. <web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p> # #. <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of #. our web pages, see <a #. href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations #. README</a>. #. type: Content of: <div><div><p> msgid "" "Please see the <a " "href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html\">Translations README</a> " "for information on coordinating and contributing translations of this " "article." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "Copyright © 2006, 2021 Free Software Foundation, Inc." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "This page is licensed under a <a rel=\"license\" " "href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/\">Creative Commons " "Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License</a>." msgstr "" #. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits. #. type: Content of: <div><div> msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S CREDITS*" msgstr "" #. timestamp start #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "Updated:" msgstr ""