# LANGUAGE translation of https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/programs-must-not-limit-freedom-to-run.html # Copyright (C) YEAR Free Software Foundation, Inc. # This file is distributed under the same license as the original article. # FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. # #, fuzzy msgid "" msgstr "" "Project-Id-Version: programs-must-not-limit-freedom-to-run.html\n" "POT-Creation-Date: 2022-09-06 20:25+0000\n" "PO-Revision-Date: YEAR-MO-DA HO:MI+ZONE\n" "Last-Translator: FULL NAME \n" "Language-Team: LANGUAGE \n" "Language: \n" "MIME-Version: 1.0\n" "Content-Type: text/plain; charset=CHARSET\n" "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" #. type: Content of: msgid "" "Why programs must not limit the freedom to run them - GNU Project - Free " "Software Foundation" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><h2> msgid "Why programs must not limit the freedom to run them" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><address> msgid "by <a href=\"https://www.stallman.org/\">Richard Stallman</a>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "Free software means software controlled by its users, rather than the " "reverse. Specifically, it means the software comes with <a " "href=\"/philosophy/free-sw.html\">four essential freedoms that software " "users deserve</a>. At the head of the list is freedom 0, the freedom to run " "the program as you wish, in order to do what you wish." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "Some developers propose to place usage restrictions in software licenses to " "ban using the program for certain purposes, but that would be a disastrous " "path. This article explains why freedom 0 must not be limited. Conditions to " "limit the use of a program would achieve little of their aims, but could " "wreck the free software community." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "First of all, let's be clear what freedom 0 means. It means that the " "distribution of the software does not restrict how you use it. This doesn't " "make you exempt from laws. For instance, fraud is a crime in the US—a " "law which I think is right and proper. Whatever the free software license " "says, using a free program to carry out your fraud won't shield you from " "prosecution." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "A license condition against fraud would be superfluous in a country where " "fraud is a crime. But why not a condition against using it for torture, a " "practice that states frequently condone when carried out by the " "“security forces”?" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "A condition against torture would not work, because enforcement of any free " "software license is done through the state. A state that wants to carry out " "torture will ignore the license. When victims of US torture try suing the US " "government, courts dismiss the cases on the grounds that their treatment is " "a national security secret. If a software developer tried to sue the US " "government for using a program for torture against the conditions of its " "license, that suit would be dismissed too. In general, states are clever at " "making legal excuses for whatever terrible things they want to " "do. Businesses with powerful lobbies can do it too." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "What if the condition were against some specialized private activity? For " "instance, PETA proposed a license that would forbid use of the software to " "cause pain to animals with a spinal column. Or there might be a condition " "against using a certain program to make or publish drawings of Mohammad. Or " "against its use in experiments with embryonic stem cells. Or against using " "it to make unauthorized copies of musical recordings." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "It is not clear these would be enforcible. Free software licenses are based " "on copyright law, and trying to impose usage conditions that way is " "stretching what copyright law permits, stretching it in a dangerous " "way. Would you like books to carry license conditions about how you can use " "the information in them?" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "What if such conditions are legally enforcible—would that be good?" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "The fact is, people have very different ethical ideas about the activities " "that might be done using software. I happen to think those four unusual " "activities are legitimate and should not be forbidden. In particular I " "support the use of software for medical experiments on animals, and for " "processing meat. I defend the human rights of animal right activists but I " "don't agree with them; I would not want PETA to get its way in restricting " "the use of software." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "Since I am not a pacifist, I would also disagree with a “no military " "use” provision. I condemn wars of aggression but I don't condemn " "fighting back. In fact, I have supported efforts to convince various armies " "to switch to free software, since they can check it for back doors and " "surveillance features that could imperil national security." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "Since I am not against business in general, I would oppose a restriction " "against commercial use. A system that we could use only for recreation, " "hobbies and school is off limits to much of what we do with computers." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "I've stated above some parts of my views about certain political issues " "unrelated to the issue of free software—about which of those " "activities are or aren't unjust. Your views about them might differ, and " "that's precisely the point. If we accepted programs with usage restrictions " "as part of a free operating system such as GNU, people would come up with " "lots of different usage restrictions. There would be programs banned for use " "in meat processing, programs banned only for pigs, programs banned only for " "cows, and programs limited to kosher foods. Someone who hates spinach might " "license a program to allow use for processing any vegetable except spinach, " "while a Popeye fan's program might allow only use for spinach. There would " "be music programs allowed only for rap music, and others allowed only for " "classical music." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "The result would be a system that you could not count on for any " "purpose. For each task you wish to do, you'd have to check lots of licenses " "to see which parts of your system are off limits for that task. Not only " "for the components you explicitly use, but also for the hundreds of " "components that they link with, invoke, or communicate with." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "How would users respond to that? I think most of them would use proprietary " "systems. Allowing usage restrictions in free software would mainly push " "users towards nonfree software. Trying to stop users from doing something " "through usage restrictions in free software is as ineffective as pushing on " "an object through a long, straight, soft piece of cooked spaghetti. As one " "wag put it, this is “someone with a very small hammer seeing every " "problem as a nail, and not even acknowledging that the nail is far too big " "for the hammer.”" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "It is worse than ineffective; it is wrong too, because software developers " "should not exercise such power over what users do. Imagine selling pens with " "conditions about what you can write with them; that would be noisome, and we " "should not stand for it. Likewise for general software. If you make " "something that is generally useful, like a pen, people will use it to write " "all sorts of things, even horrible things such as orders to torture a " "dissident; but you must not have the power to control people's activities " "through their pens. It is the same for a text editor, compiler or kernel." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "You do have an opportunity to determine what your software can be used for: " "when you decide what functionality to implement. You can write programs that " "lend themselves mainly to uses you think are positive, and you have no " "obligation to write any features that might lend themselves particularly to " "activities you disapprove of." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "The conclusion is clear: a program must not restrict what jobs its users do " "with it. Freedom 0 must be complete. We need to stop torture, but we can't " "do it through software licenses. The proper job of software licenses is to " "establish and protect users' freedom." msgstr "" #. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes. #. type: Content of: <div> msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S NOTES*" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><div><p> msgid "" "Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to <a " "href=\"mailto:gnu@gnu.org\"><gnu@gnu.org></a>. There are also <a " "href=\"/contact/\">other ways to contact</a> the FSF. Broken links and " "other corrections or suggestions can be sent to <a " "href=\"mailto:webmasters@gnu.org\"><webmasters@gnu.org></a>." msgstr "" #. TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph, #. replace it with the translation of these two: # #. We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality #. translations. However, we are not exempt from imperfection. #. Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard #. to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org"> # #. <web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p> # #. <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of #. our web pages, see <a #. href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations #. README</a>. #. type: Content of: <div><div><p> msgid "" "Please see the <a " "href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html\">Translations README</a> " "for information on coordinating and contributing translations of this " "article." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "Copyright © 2012, 2021, 2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "This page is licensed under a <a rel=\"license\" " "href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/\">Creative Commons " "Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License</a>." msgstr "" #. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits. #. type: Content of: <div><div> msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S CREDITS*" msgstr "" #. timestamp start #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "Updated:" msgstr ""