# LANGUAGE translation of https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/rms-hack.html # Copyright (C) YEAR Free Software Foundation, Inc. # This file is distributed under the same license as the original article. # FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. # #, fuzzy msgid "" msgstr "" "Project-Id-Version: rms-hack.html\n" "POT-Creation-Date: 2021-09-22 11:25+0000\n" "PO-Revision-Date: YEAR-MO-DA HO:MI+ZONE\n" "Last-Translator: FULL NAME \n" "Language-Team: LANGUAGE \n" "Language: \n" "MIME-Version: 1.0\n" "Content-Type: text/plain; charset=CHARSET\n" "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" #. type: Content of: msgid "The Hacker Community and Ethics - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><h2> msgid "The Hacker Community and Ethics" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><address> msgid "by Tere Vadén and Richard Stallman" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><div><p> msgid "" "Transcript of an interview that took place in 2002.<a " "href=\"#pub\"><sup>[*]</sup></a>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><h3> msgid "Hackerism" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "Tere Vadén (<b>TV</b>): One of the most striking features of your " "approach to the issues of technology and software and so on is that you " "consider ethical and social matters more important than possible " "technological advantages. While that maybe should be the norm, it " "unfortunately is not so. The main issues seems to be one of community; what " "kinds of communities different ways of using technology promote. Am I " "guessing right if I believe that you are thinking of ethical issues in terms " "of communities?" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "Richard M. Stallman (<b>RMS</b>): Yes. The way I reached my conclusions " "about which freedoms are essential for using software, and which kinds of " "license requirements are acceptable, is by thinking about whether they would " "interfere with the kinds of use of the software that are necessary to have a " "functioning community." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "<b>TV:</b> The idea of free software was born out of your experiences at " "<abbr title=\"Massachusetts Institute of Technology\"> MIT</abbr>, and how " "that community was infiltrated and in some sense destroyed by commercial " "interests." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "<b>RMS:</b> Yes, that is correct. The hackers really enjoyed the freedom to " "share and change software; that was the basis for our free-wheeling " "community." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "<b>TV:</b> What does the word “hacker” mean to you, personally?" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "<b>RMS:</b> It means someone who enjoys playful cleverness, especially in " "programming but other media are also possible. In the 14th century, " "Guillaume de Machaut wrote a palindromic three-part musical composition. It " "sounded good, too—I think I played in it once, because I still " "remember one of the parts. I think that was a good hack. I heard somewhere " "that J. S. Bach did something similar." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "One possible arena for playful cleverness is breaking security. Hackers " "never had much respect for bureaucratic restrictions. If the computer was " "sitting idle because the administrators wouldn't let them use it, they would " "sometimes figure out how to bypass the obstacles and use it anyway. If this " "required cleverness, it would be fun in itself, as well as making it " "possible to do other hacking (for instance, useful work) on the computer " "instead of twiddling one's thumbs. But not all hackers did security " "breaking. Many never were interested in that." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "On the Incompatible Timesharing System, the operating system developed by " "the AI lab's hackers, we made it unnecessary to break security: we simply " "did not implement security in the system. The hackers realized that security " "would be a mechanism for the administrators to dominate us. So we never gave " "them the means." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "<b>TV:</b> How about the concepts of freedom and community? There's this " "idea that freedom to distribute ideas, thoughts, recipes and software " "creates the best kinds of communities or at least better than those based on " "commercial limitations on distribution and sharing." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "<b>RMS:</b> I think it is a mistake to label these restrictions as " "“commercial,” because that pertains to the motive for the " "restrictions. The same restrictions, if imposed for a different motive, " "would do the same harm. What matters is the restrictions, not the " "motive. Commercial software can be free or nonfree, just as noncommercial " "software can be free or nonfree. It only depends on the license." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "<b>TV:</b> How would you delineate the distinction between the public " "(communal, freedom-based) and the commercial spheres?" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "<b>RMS:</b> Comparing free with commercial is like comparing happiness with " "purple. It doesn't make sense, because they are not answers to the same " "question. They are not alternatives. The meaningful comparison is between " "free and nonfree software." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "<b>TV:</b> It seems that the distinction between “open source” " "and “free software” is that the open source movement ultimately " "justifies the idea on utilitarian grounds; open source is the best way of " "producing functional software; while the ultimate justification for free " "software is non-calculative, non-utilitarian; freedom is unviolable. Is that " "a correct interpretation?" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "<b>RMS:</b> More or less. I would say that freedom has value in itself, just " "as powerful reliable software does." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "<b>TV:</b> But isn't there a problem here? one of the utilitarian " "calculations of “open source” is that it is more " "profitable—in the sense of making more money or making better " "software—to use an open source license than a copyleft license. A " "company like Apple or Nokia will adapt open source up to point, precisely " "the point where making it more free would turn the profitability down." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "<b>RMS:</b> I agree that it is wrong for these decisions (about your freedom " "and mine) to be made by the software developer for the sake of his profit, " "just as the decision about whether you and I have freedom of speech should " "not be made by some third party for his own interests." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "I am not going to condemn someone who does the right thing for the wrong " "reason, but it is true that relying on people to respect our freedom because " "it is profitable for them to do so is not a reliable system for protecting " "our freedom. This is the reason why we must reduce the political power of " "business." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "<b>TV:</b> The argument that a company would use, of course, is that the " "profit it creates ultimately benefits the whole society. How would you " "respond to that?" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "<b>RMS:</b> That is a claim with no basis. A nonfree program can only " "benefit those who don't value their freedom, and thus serves as a temptation " "for people to give up their freedom. That is harmful to society." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "<b>TV:</b> There is also this question of individual/private vs " "public/communal here. It is often in the interests of the individual to do " "something that threatens the community, threatens freedom." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "<b>RMS:</b> I know. This is why we need to think about right and wrong in " "making our decisions, and also the reason why societies have a notion of " "punishing actions that hurt the community." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "<b>TV:</b> Now, somebody like Torvalds—and we don't necessarily have " "to use any names here—would probably share your enthusiasm about " "hackerism in the sense of playful cleverness, and would take that playful " "cleverness also to the area of being clever in making money and enjoying the " "good life. Actually that is what he hints at in a recent book called " "“The Hacker Ethics.”" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "<b>RMS:</b> That is true. Just because someone enjoys hacking does not mean " "he has an ethical commitment to treating other people properly. Some hackers " "care about ethics—I do, for instance—but that is not part of " "being a hacker, it is a separate trait. Some stamp collectors care a lot " "about ethics, while other stamp collectors don't. It is the same for " "hackers." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "I agree with the person who said that there is no hacker ethic, but rather a " "hacker aesthetic." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "<b>TV:</b> Now, if one wants to avoid the negative consequences of the " "profit-oriented business, it feels that one has to give the individual a " "good reason for not looking after only his or her own best. And that " "something, that reason, might be something in the public sphere." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "<b>RMS:</b> Of course—but why are you treating this as if it were a " "new idea that can only be hinted at. This idea is thousands of years " "old. This is the basic idea of ethics." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "<b>TV:</b> The question about hacker aesthetics—as you explained, " "there is no special hacker ethics, because a hacker can act ethically or " "unethically and nothing in hackerism itself necessitates ethical behavior." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "<b>RMS:</b> Hacking is not primarily about an ethical issue. It is an idea " "of what makes life meaningful. But he may be right that hacking tends to " "lead a significant number of hackers to think about ethical questions in a " "certain way. I would not want to completely deny all connection between " "hacking and views on ethics." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "Although someone said that there was a hacker aesthetic rather than a hacker " "ethic, I think “aesthetic” is not quite the right word either. " "An aesthetic is an idea of what is beautiful. This is an idea of what is " "exciting and meaningful. Is there a word for that? I can think of “the " "hacker way,” but that sounds rather pompous and new-age." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><h3> msgid "Community" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "<b>TV:</b> Now that brings to mind several questions. For the first, one " "could maybe inquire after an ideal society or go forth, but let's leave that " "for the moment." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "<b>RMS:</b> I approach these issues incrementally. I don't think I could try " "to design an ideal society and have any confidence in the conclusion. " "Attempts to propose a society quite different from the ones we know often " "tend to be disastrously flawed. So instead I propose local changes which I " "have some reason to believe are good. Note that I didn't imagine the free " "software community on my own—if I had, I would not be so confident it " "is a good idea. I knew that from having tried it." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "<b>TV:</b> Is there something that digitalization offers for " "community-building, something that other media (like printed books) could " "not offer, or does digitalization mean “just” an effectivization " "of existing means?" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "<b>RMS:</b> Computers and the web make it much easier to work " "collaboratively and continuing to improve publications. I think that this " "will become even more true in the future, as people develop better ways to " "do it. The proprietary mindset might as well be precisely calculated to " "deprive us of this benefit of the Internet." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "<b>TV:</b> Now, from a historical and philosophical perspective it seems " "that many a good invention or technological advance has resulted in the " "intensification of colonialization" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "<b>RMS:</b> In general, technology is a good thing, and we shouldn't turn it " "down. Technology tends to cause cultural change. This is not necessarily a " "bad thing, and we should not condemn it in a blanket fashion. There are just " "certain specific kinds of cultural change that we need to oppose." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "<b>TV:</b> I do not necessarily want to get stuck on this public/commercial " "issue, but if we say that we need communal agreements, values and systems " "that tone down the selfishness of the individual, and we say that the " "commercial world systematically has a tendency to promote selfishness, then " "I guess we have to conclude that there is a crucial distinction between the " "communal and the commercial?" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "<b>RMS:</b> I would agree. One person can belong to a community and work in " "a business at the same time. Nevertheless, there is a fundamental conflict " "between the communitarian attitude and the commercial attitude. I would not " "say that the communitarian attitude is good and the commercial attitude is " "bad. It makes no sense to aim to eliminate the commercial attitude, because " "that is simply selfishness, and selfishness is vital. People must be selfish " "to a certain extent, just as they ought to be altruistic to a certain " "extent. To abolish selfishness would not make sense, even if it were " "possible." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "<b>TV:</b> I mean, in many ways one could say that the communities in the " "post-industrial countries these days are based on commercialism, i.e., " "people get together, work, communicate etc. mostly because of commercial " "reasons." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "<b>RMS:</b> This is a rather weak and ineffective kind of community, hardly " "worthy of the name." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "<b>TV:</b> And, furthermore, like you know, the research and university " "community is also very tightly bound to the economical interests of the " "nations, states and of the companies." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "<b>RMS:</b> Universities ought to resist being turned to commercial " "purposes, for the sake of their integrity. They have failed to resist. " "People will always be partly selfish; to keep selfishness from engulfing " "society, we need unselfish institutions such as universities and democratic " "governments to balance the selfishness and put a check on it. The problem " "today is that organized selfishness is taking over society, crushing the " "other institutions that were designed to put a check on it." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "<b>TV:</b> But, the counter argument goes, a free market economy that seeks " "to maximize profit, is the only way of producing wealth and functioning " "democratic communities." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "<b>RMS:</b> The free software community shows, as cooperatives in Sweden " "showed, that this is not true. There are other ways of producing wealth. But " "beyond that, producing wealth is not the be-all and end-all of a good " "society. There is no need to bend every aspect of life to maximizing the " "total wealth. The idea of sacrificing everything else to the production of " "wealth—regardless of who gets to share in it!—is exactly what's " "wrong with the WTO. As for producing functioning democratic communities, " "allowing commerce to dominate not only fails to do that, it is directly " "antagonistic to that." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "<b>TV:</b> If ethics applies to everyone, and ethics is based on community, " "does this mean that there is an ideal community to which everyone should " "belong?" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "<b>RMS:</b> I don't think that follows." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><h3> msgid "Copyleft" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "<b>TV:</b> The concept of copyleft is a brilliant tool for the communal " "purposes. Could you tell a little on how you arrived at the idea?" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "<b>RMS:</b> I had seen simple notices of the form “verbatim copying " "permitted provided this notice is preserved,” and investigated " "extending this to handle modification as well." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "<b>TV:</b> Let's take a case here. I can see that a free software developer " "might be able to make a living by doing free software, because people would " "pay for the software, pay for the manuals, pay for the joy of being a part " "of the community, and so on. I don't think that is impossible. The same " "might go for certain musicians, even scientists and so on. But how about a " "writer, a poet, even a musician that works in a very limited language " "area—say, Finnish. Making free software or free music or free poetry " "will not be a viable option, because the community is too small to support " "that kind of activity." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "<b>RMS:</b> The current system does rather a bad job of supporting these " "activities. To replace it with nothing at all would not make things much " "worse for these people. However, I think that voluntary methods of support " "could do just as good a job as the present system—maybe better." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "<b>TV:</b> This seems to lead to some kind of “americanization” " "or “anglization.”" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "<b>RMS:</b> You can't be serious, can you? Don't you realize that the " "media-copyright complex is fueling the americanization of culture around the " "world? Disconnecting that complex would do a lot to improve the situation." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "<b>TV:</b> I was just thinking of the fact that in a small language area " "something like copyrights actually do some good for creative work." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "<b>RMS:</b> Not much good, though. How many Finnish writers make a living " "from copyright today? Note that I don't advocate the simple and total " "abolition of copyright for all kinds of works. See my speech, <a " "href=\"/philosophy/copyright-and-globalization.html\">Copyright and " "Globalization</a>." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><h3> msgid "Globalization" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "<b>TV:</b> You have touched on some issues of globalization is some recent " "interviews. One of the problems is that copyright laws put many third world " "countries in an unfavorable position. Do you think that those countries " "should not follow the copyright laws?" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "<b>RMS:</b> The US when it was a developing country did not recognize " "foreign copyrights. So why should anyone else? Of course, we know the reason " "why: it is part of a system of economic domination that the wealthiest " "business owners have imposed on the rest of the world." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "<b>TV:</b> And, furthermore, could one see this issue also in terms of " "communities? If I remember correctly, you have said that globalization in " "the economic sense does not seem to be a good way of promoting or " "distributing well-being." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "<b>RMS:</b> There is nothing wrong with globalization in the abstract. What " "makes today's form of globalization so bad is not really the global aspect " "of it. It is that the WTO/IMF system subordinates all other interests to the " "interests of business. Laws to protect the environment, public health, " "workers' rights, and the general standard of living, are regularly swept " "aside. The result is a major transfer of wealth from most people to business " "owners. Paradoxically, it seems to be accompanied by reduced growth as well." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "The best way to understand today's “globalization” is as a " "system to transfer power from democratic governments to business, which only " "incidentally happens to be global. Elimination of trade barriers could be a " "good thing if accompanied by global labor standards, global environmental " "standards, global health care, a global minimum wage (even if not uniform), " "and global income taxes. If these were enforced world-wide with the same " "energy that the US pressures countries to use for copyright enforcement, we " "could have global trade, clean factories, and high wages. The world-wide " "free software community is an example of beneficial globalization: people " "share knowledge with the whole world." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><h3> msgid "Ethics" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "<b>TV:</b> How is ethical “work” best done? It seems that you " "often invoke teachers like Buddha or Jesus as examples of a ethical way of " "life." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "<b>RMS:</b> I never invoke Jesus. I am not a Christian and I don't " "especially admire Jesus. I admire Buddha somewhat more, but I don't invoke " "any teacher or hero as an <b>authority</b>, only perhaps as an " "<b>example</b>." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "<b>TV:</b> It is also clear that one of the fascinating and influential " "features of your work is that you live as you teach. Is that a conscious " "decision in the sense that you think that ethics is something that can be " "taught best through example?" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "<b>RMS:</b> Not at all. I do write about my ethical ideas, and I would like " "to do it more and better if I could. Of course, it is necessary to live in " "conformity with one's principles, or one is a hypocrite and people can see " "that." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "<b>TV:</b> If we say that the reason for ethical behavior must be given in " "the public sphere, let's say through a social contract or something similar, " "and if we at the same time notice that the economical/commercial sphere is " "driven by “maximum profit”-type of principles, then we have to " "have some sort of separation between the public and the commercial world." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "<b>RMS:</b> I don't follow this reasoning—I see no separation. Ethics " "applies to everyone, and the whole point of ethics is that some things you " "might selfishly wish to do are wrong, so you may not do them. This applies " "to group selfishness just as as to personal selfishness." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "<b>TV:</b> … and then the commercial world would be something that " "almost by necessity corrupts the idea of freedom." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "<b>RMS:</b> Business does have that tendency. Corporations provide a " "mechanism to distill the selfishness out of people who, as individuals, are " "partly selfish but also have ethics to limit their selfishness. The result " "is selfishness that can often be unchecked by any ethics. To change this " "will require taking away the power of global business over governments." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "<b>TV:</b> Reading Steven Levy's Hackers once again, I was struck by one " "issue: the hackers as displayed in the book are mostly concerned with the " "hacker ethic in so far as it concerns “tools to make tools.”" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "<b>RMS:</b> I don't think so. A number of our programs were tools for making " "programs, but very few were specifically “tools to make tools.” " "Why were many of them tools? Because hackers writing programs get ideas for " "better ways to do that. What computer hackers do is program. So they get " "excited about anything that makes programming easier." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "If a hacker does square dancing, he would get excited about anything on the " "computer that is helpful for square dancing. He might write a program to " "help people learn square dancing. This indeed has happened. A few computer " "hackers do square dancing, but all computer hackers program. So a few are " "interested in writing programs for square dancing, but many are interested " "in programs they can use while programming." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "<b>TV:</b> Levy is not too hard on the point, but the unscrupulousness with " "which the early MIT hackers accepted the Department of Defence funding is a " "case in point." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "<b>RMS:</b> Some of the hackers were uncomfortable with DoD funding at the " "time, but they did not go so far as to rebel against it (by quitting, " "say). I disagreed with them I don't think it was wrong to accept that " "funding, and I did not think it wrong at the time. Corporate funding is far " "more dangerous." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "So I would not call them unscrupulous for having accepted this funding." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "<b>TV:</b> This reminds of the “instrumental rationality” that " "the Frankfurt school of critical theorists talked about; rationality that " "pertains to tools, but not goals." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "<b>RMS:</b> Engineers of all kinds are famous for this; I am not sure it is " "more true of hackers than others." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "<b>TV:</b> So, this brings me to the question, if ethics is about goals and " "about content, what exactly is the society or community that Free Software " "promotes?" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "<b>RMS:</b> My goal is that we help each other to live better together. " "Advancing human knowledge is a part of this; making sure it is available to " "everyone is a part of this; encouraging the spirit of cooperation is a part " "of this. Those goals apply to various parts of life, but in the area of " "software they direct one towards free software." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "<b>TV:</b> When and how did you notice that the Tools to Make Tools-attitude " "is not enough?" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "<b>RMS:</b> That just tools without thinking of what to do with them is one " "I picked up this idea in my teens, I think. It was well known in the 60s; " "one did not have to be especially searching to happen across it then. I " "think of the Tom Lehrer song, “Werner von Braun”:" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><blockquote><p> msgid "I send rockets up, but where they come down" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><blockquote><p> msgid "is not my department, says Werner von Braun." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "Lots of people heard this song." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "<b>TV:</b> And, maybe most interestingly, how do you combine the two, the " "hacking that is intense and interesting and the ethical real-world work, " "that is often tenuous and boring?" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "<b>RMS:</b> Here you seem to assume that hacking is neither ethical nor " "real-world. I disagree with both assumptions. By the way, some parts of " "developing and releasing a working program are tedious; they are not merely " "boring, they are frustrating. But hackers by the thousands in the free " "software community do these tasks in order to release working and reliable " "free software." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "<b>TV:</b> I think this is even quite common in fields like computer " "science, physics, mathematics, philosophy, where the austerity and purity of " "the formalism give an intense pleasure of a “non-earthly” " "kind. Is there a link? Should there be? And how do you bridge the two?" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "<b>RMS:</b> Is there a link between the pleasure of pure math and the rest " "of life? No, I see very little connection, and why should there be one?" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "I enjoy folk dancing, as well as pure math. There is very little link " "between either of those pleasures and the rest of what I do. Why should " "there be? They are both harmless. Is there a “gap” that I need " "to “bridge”?" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><div><p> msgid "" "[*] Published in Finnish in Tere Vadén & Richard M. Stallman: " "<cite><a " "href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20100807063010/http://www.uta.fi/%7Efiteva/koodivapaaksi.html\"> " "Koodi vapaaksi - Hakkerietiikan vaativuus</a></cite>, Tampere University " "Press. 2002, sivut 62-80." msgstr "" #. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes. #. type: Content of: <div> msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S NOTES*" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><div><p> msgid "" "Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to <a " "href=\"mailto:gnu@gnu.org\"><gnu@gnu.org></a>. There are also <a " "href=\"/contact/\">other ways to contact</a> the FSF. Broken links and " "other corrections or suggestions can be sent to <a " "href=\"mailto:webmasters@gnu.org\"><webmasters@gnu.org></a>." msgstr "" #. 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