the-moral-and-the-legal.html - en to zh_CN translation catalogue (18 entries)

note: type: Content of: <title>
en: The Moral and the Legal - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation
zh_CN: 道德与法律 - GNU 工程 - 自由软件基金会

note: type: Content of: <div><h2>
en: The Moral and the Legal
zh_CN: 道德与法律

note: type: Content of: <div><address>
en: by Richard Stallman
zh_CN: Richard Stallman 著

note: type: Content of: <div><p>
en: Every legal issue about free/libre software is at root a moral issue.  Before we think about the legal level of the issue, we need to understand the moral level.
zh_CN: 每个关于自由软件的法律问题本质上都是道德问题。在我们思考问题的法律层面前，我们需要理解它的道德层面。

note: type: Content of: <div><p>
en: The legal level is about what current laws require.  When we in the free software movement make a legal argument, that is what we are arguing about.  However, the moral level is what matters most&mdash;it is where our goals come from.  Liberty resides at that level, which is why we also call it &ldquo;libre&rdquo; software.
zh_CN: 法律层面的问题是当前法律所要求的。当我们在自由软件运动中提出一个法律论点时，那是我们所争论的内容。但是，道德层面最至关紧要&mdash;&mdash;道德层面是我们目标的来源。自由永驻在道德层面，这是为什么我们称之为&ldquo;自由&rdquo;软件。

note: type: Content of: <div><p>
en: The two levels are not the same or even parallel.  In general, that <i>X</i> is currently lawful says nothing about whether <i>X</i> is morally legitimate, and vice versa.  We might propose to change some laws to better follow some of our moral ideas.
zh_CN: 这两个层面并不相同，甚至不平行。一般来说，<i>X</i> 现在合法，并不代表 <i>X</i> 在道德上合理，反之亦然。我们可能呼吁改变法律，让法律在某种程度上更符合我们的道德理想。

note: type: Content of: <div><p>
en: There is a pervasive tendency, especially in the US, to assume that laws dictate right and wrong.  If we in the free software movement post articles or letters that discuss only the legal level, readers will tend to assume we agree with that assumption&mdash;that what we judge by is legality above all, so that if an action is lawful we are unable to criticize it.
zh_CN: 现在有种普遍存在的趋势，尤其在美国，大家默认法律一手决定对与错。如果我们在自由软件运动中发布文章或者信书时只讨论法律层面的问题，读者会容易假定我们同意这种趋势&mdash;&mdash;我们把法律当作最高的评判标准，所以如果某个行为合法的话我们就无法批判它。

note: type: Content of: <div><p>
en: Since our overall purpose is to end the lawful but unjust computing practices (nonfree software and <a href="/philosophy/who-does-that-server-really-serve.html">SaaSS</a>)  because we judge morally that they are unjust, we must show we do not define morality as &ldquo;not breaking any laws.&rdquo; We need to keep reminding the public to pay attention to the deeper level, which is the moral level.  If, in a communication, we focus on the shallow aspects alone, we miss an opportunity to show the public our deeper message.  Because some readers are interested only in the legalities, we must show we don't consider those to be paramount.
zh_CN: 由于我们的总目的是结束合法但不公的计算行为（非自由软件以及 <a href="/philosophy/who-does-that-server-really-serve.html">SaaSS</a>），因为我们从道德上断定它们不公正，所以我们必须明确表示，我们不把道德定义为&ldquo;不犯法&rdquo;。我们需要不断地提醒公众去关注更深的层次（道德层面）。如果在交流中，我们只关注表层，那么我们会失去向公众展示我们深层信息的机会。因为有些读者只关心合法性问题，所以我们必须表明，我们不把合法性作为首要问题。

note: type: Content of: <div><p>
en: In some cases, we contend, morality and legality say opposite things.  In the US, distributing a program that can break DRM is illegal; the companies that implement DRM point to this, and hope you will confuse legality with morality.  We are careful not to get confused that way.  Breaking DRM is morally admirable; what's immoral is to <em>implement</em> DRM.
zh_CN: 有些情况下，我们会挑战道德和法律所言相反。在美国，分发可以破解 DRM 的程序是违法的；实施 DRM 的公司就是这样说的，以此让你混淆道德与法律。我们很小心地不去混淆它们。破解 DRM 在道德上是可敬的；<em>实施</em> DRM 才是不道德的。

note: type: Content of: <div><p>
en: In anything we publish, and anything we send to strangers (they might redistribute it to the public), we have to show that our views about issues are primarily based on the moral level.  Even when the immediately crucial part is at the legal level, we must show how we judge programs, and laws themselves, at the moral level.  Thus, when people ask whether a program follows the <i>XYZ</i> law, we can say, &ldquo;We believe it does&mdash;and, most importantly, it respects users' freedom.&rdquo;
zh_CN: 我们发布的任何东西，以及我们发给陌生人的任何东西（他们可能分发给公众），我们需要表明，我们对议题的见解主要基于道德层面。即使当直接关键部分是法律层面时，我们也必须表明我们在道德上如何评判程序和法律本身。所以，当人们问，一个程序是否遵守 <i>XYZ</i> 法律，我们可以说，&ldquo;我们相信是的&mdash;&mdash;并且最重要的是，它尊重用户的自由。&rdquo;

note: type: Content of: <div><p>
en: Presenting the two levels in relation to each other is a very good way of showing them both, and also showing how they are related.  For instance, when speaking for the FSF, it can be useful to say, &ldquo;Your program <i>FOO</i> contains part of the source code of <i>GNU BAR</i>&rdquo; (a legal issue)  &ldquo;and fails to follow the GNU GPL rules&rdquo; (a legal issue), &ldquo;and that denies other users some of the rights they are entitled to&rdquo; (the deeper moral issue).  &ldquo;To ensure all users of code from <i>GNU BAR</i> fully enjoy the <a href="/philosophy/free-sw.html">four freedoms</a> for it&rdquo; (the goal at the moral level), &ldquo;we invoke our copyright to require you to stop distributing the code that way&rdquo; (using legal power as a tool to achieve the moral goal).
zh_CN: 把道德和法律两个层次的关系呈现在一起是一个展示它们的好方法，同时也可以展示它们如何相关。例如，当为 FSF 说话时，这样说比较有用：&ldquo;你的程序 <i>FOO</i> 包含 <i>GNU BAR</i> 的部分源代码&rdquo;（法律问题）&ldquo;并且未遵守 GNU GPL 规定&rdquo;（法律问题），&ldquo;这样就导致其他用户应有的权利被侵害&rdquo;（更深的道德问题）。&ldquo;为了确保 <i>GNU BAR</i> 的所有用户都能享有其<a href="/philosophy/free-sw.html">四项自由</a>&rdquo;（道德层面的目标）&ldquo;我们行使我们的版权去要求你停止以那种方式分发代码&rdquo;（使用法律手段来达到道德上的目标）。

note: type: Content of: <div><p>
en: That is not the only way to present them both.  In other contexts, not the FSF, you might need to say something very different.  The main thing is to remember to talk about the moral level often, so readers realize it is the deeper and more important of the two levels.
zh_CN: 这不是我们展示两者的唯一方法。在其他语境下，不是 FSF 时，你可能需要非常不同的说辞。重点是要记得多多讨论道德层面，这样读者就能认识到它是两者中更深和更重要的层次。

note: type: Content of: <div><div><p>
en: See also <a href="/philosophy/compromise.html">Avoiding Ruinous Compromises</a>.
zh_CN: 参考<a href="/philosophy/compromise.html">避免毁灭性让步</a>。

note: type: Content of: <div><div><p>
en: Please send general FSF &amp; GNU inquiries to <a href="mailto:gnu@gnu.org">&lt;gnu@gnu.org&gt;</a>.  There are also <a href="/contact/">other ways to contact</a> the FSF.  Broken links and other corrections or suggestions can be sent to <a href="mailto:webmasters@gnu.org">&lt;webmasters@gnu.org&gt;</a>.
zh_CN: 请将对FSF&amp;GNU的一般询问发送到<a href="mailto:gnu@gnu.org">&lt;gnu@gnu.org&gt;</a>。还有一些其他联系FSF的<a href="/contact/">方式</a>。关于链接错误和&rdquo;其他更正或建议&ldquo;请发信到<a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org">&lt;web-translators@gnu.org&gt;</a>。

note: TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph, replace it with the translation of these two: We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality translations.  However, we are not exempt from imperfection. Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard to <a hr
en: Please see the <a href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations README</a> for information on coordinating and contributing translations of this article.
zh_CN: 我们尽最大努力来提供精准和高质量的翻译，但难免会存在错误和不足。如果您在这方面有评论或一般性的建议，请发送至 <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org">&lt;web-translators@gnu.org&gt;</a>。</p><p>关于进行协调与提交翻译的更多信息参见 <a href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">《译者指南》</a>。

note: type: Content of: <div><p>
en: This page is licensed under a <a rel="license" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License</a>.
zh_CN: 本页面使用 <a rel="license" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License</a> 授权。

note: TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits. type: Content of: <div><div>
en: *GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S CREDITS*
zh_CN: <b>翻译团队</b>：<a rel="team" href="//savannah.gnu.org/projects/www-zh-cn/">&lt;CTT&gt;</a>，2024。

note: timestamp start type: Content of: <div><p>
en: Updated:
zh_CN: 最后更新：
