msgid "Tivoization - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><h2> msgid "Tivoization" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "There is a paradoxical class of firmware, for which the source code is <a " "href=\"/philosophy/free-sw.html\">free software</a>, because it carries a <a " "href=\"/licenses/license-list.html\">free software license</a>, but specific " "hardware, for which these programs are designed, renders any binaries " "produced from that source code nonfree in practice. That is because that " "hardware requires the binary to be signed by the hardware manufacturer, " "either in order to run at all, or in order to make use of crucial hardware " "facilities, effectively forbidding users to run modified versions. We call " "these programs <em>tivoized blobs</em>." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "While it is still physically possible to replace the released binary on the " "hardware that enforces signatures, it is useless to do so, since the " "hardware would refuse to run the modified version, or to do some special job " "such as decoding the DRM. Therefore, the freedom #1 (one of <a " "href=\"/philosophy/free-sw.html\">the four essential freedoms</a>) is " "missing, and that binary is not free, even though the source code may carry " "a free software license. Indirectly, tivoization affects the other freedoms " "(to use and to distribute modified versions), because any modification of " "the firmware by yourself will result in broken hardware. The binary may " "qualify as <a href=\"/philosophy/free-open-overlap.html\">open source</a>, " "because the term “open source” <a " "href=\"/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html\">is defined in terms " "of how the source is treated</a>." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "The publisher or the manufacturer may advertize this forced signature check " "as a “feature.” Here is their argument: your computer won't boot " "(or will lack important features) if the hardware detects corrupted " "firmware, so tivoization protects you and your data. But we should wonder: " "whom does it protect, and from whom? Who is the owner of this lock? Who " "decides what is good or bad software for our own computing? If it is not us, " "then <a href=\"/philosophy/loyal-computers.html\">this computer is not " "loyal</a>." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "The tivoization is a not a security feature, it is a trap for our " "freedoms. It prevents users from upgrading their own hardware or firmware, " "and it suggests a false sense of security by giving the control of their " "computer only to some “trusted” firmware provider, compelling " "users to take the provider's word for their safety." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "The firmware that drives the hardware at the lowest level also has the most " "control over it. It often contains <a " "href=\"https://libreboot.org/faq.html#intelme\">back doors</a> and <a " "href=\"/proprietary/proprietary-insecurity.html#uefi-rootkit\">vulnerabilities</a> " "which only the “trusted” provider (trusted by the hardware) is " "allowed to fix." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "Preventing unsigned or self-signed versions of the firmware to be run is a " "way for the manufacturer and publisher to keep the control over your " "computing, even more than if the source code itself were proprietary! It " "only serves the purpose of the publisher or manufacturer, and has no benefit " "to the software user or the hardware owner. On the other hand, supposing " "some models of hardware will run modified versions, there is no advantage " "for you in using the manufacturer's signed version instead of a self-signed " "variant." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "Among the most important additions in the GNU General Public License version " "3, in 2007, was to prohibit taking a GPLv3-covered program and <a " "href=\"/licenses/quick-guide-gplv3.html\">distributing it under " "tivoization</a>, because it denies users the freedom, in practice, to modify " "the program and then use the modified version." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "As stated by the <a " "href=\"/distros/free-system-distribution-guidelines.html\">GNU Free System " "Distribution Guidelines</a>, operating systems which provide such firmware " "are not free, whether the upstream source code is free or not." msgstr "" #. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes. #. type: Content of: <div> msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S NOTES*" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><div><p> msgid "" "Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to <a " "href=\"mailto:gnu@gnu.org\"><gnu@gnu.org></a>. There are also <a " "href=\"/contact/\">other ways to contact</a> the FSF. Broken links and " "other corrections or suggestions can be sent to <a " "href=\"mailto:webmasters@gnu.org\"><webmasters@gnu.org></a>." msgstr "" #. TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph, #. replace it with the translation of these two: # #. We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality #. translations. However, we are not exempt from imperfection. #. Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard #. to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org"> # #. <web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p> # #. <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of #. our web pages, see <a #. href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations #. README</a>. #. type: Content of: <div><div><p> msgid "" "Please see the <a " "href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html\">Translations README</a> " "for information on coordinating and contributing translations of this " "article." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "Copyright © 2023, 2025 Free Software Foundation, Inc." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "This page is licensed under a <a rel=\"license\" " "href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/\">Creative Commons " "Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License</a>." msgstr "" #. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits. #. type: Content of: <div><div> msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S CREDITS*" msgstr "" #. timestamp start #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "Updated:" msgstr ""

# LANGUAGE translation of https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/tivoization.html # Copyright (C) YEAR Free Software Foundation, Inc. # This file is distributed under the same license as the original article. # FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. # #, fuzzy msgid "" msgstr "" "Project-Id-Version: tivoization.html\n" "POT-Creation-Date: 2025-01-20 10:26+0000\n" "PO-Revision-Date: YEAR-MO-DA HO:MI+ZONE\n" "Last-Translator: FULL NAME \n" "Language-Team: LANGUAGE \n" "Language: \n" "MIME-Version: 1.0\n" "Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" #. type: Content of: msgid "Tivoization - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><h2> msgid "Tivoization" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "There is a paradoxical class of firmware, for which the source code is <a " "href=\"/philosophy/free-sw.html\">free software</a>, because it carries a <a " "href=\"/licenses/license-list.html\">free software license</a>, but specific " "hardware, for which these programs are designed, renders any binaries " "produced from that source code nonfree in practice. That is because that " "hardware requires the binary to be signed by the hardware manufacturer, " "either in order to run at all, or in order to make use of crucial hardware " "facilities, effectively forbidding users to run modified versions. We call " "these programs <em>tivoized blobs</em>." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "While it is still physically possible to replace the released binary on the " "hardware that enforces signatures, it is useless to do so, since the " "hardware would refuse to run the modified version, or to do some special job " "such as decoding the DRM. Therefore, the freedom #1 (one of <a " "href=\"/philosophy/free-sw.html\">the four essential freedoms</a>) is " "missing, and that binary is not free, even though the source code may carry " "a free software license. Indirectly, tivoization affects the other freedoms " "(to use and to distribute modified versions), because any modification of " "the firmware by yourself will result in broken hardware. The binary may " "qualify as <a href=\"/philosophy/free-open-overlap.html\">open source</a>, " "because the term “open source” <a " "href=\"/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html\">is defined in terms " "of how the source is treated</a>." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "The publisher or the manufacturer may advertize this forced signature check " "as a “feature.” Here is their argument: your computer won't boot " "(or will lack important features) if the hardware detects corrupted " "firmware, so tivoization protects you and your data. But we should wonder: " "whom does it protect, and from whom? Who is the owner of this lock? Who " "decides what is good or bad software for our own computing? If it is not us, " "then <a href=\"/philosophy/loyal-computers.html\">this computer is not " "loyal</a>." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "The tivoization is a not a security feature, it is a trap for our " "freedoms. It prevents users from upgrading their own hardware or firmware, " "and it suggests a false sense of security by giving the control of their " "computer only to some “trusted” firmware provider, compelling " "users to take the provider's word for their safety." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "The firmware that drives the hardware at the lowest level also has the most " "control over it. It often contains <a " "href=\"https://libreboot.org/faq.html#intelme\">back doors</a> and <a " "href=\"/proprietary/proprietary-insecurity.html#uefi-rootkit\">vulnerabilities</a> " "which only the “trusted” provider (trusted by the hardware) is " "allowed to fix." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "Preventing unsigned or self-signed versions of the firmware to be run is a " "way for the manufacturer and publisher to keep the control over your " "computing, even more than if the source code itself were proprietary! It " "only serves the purpose of the publisher or manufacturer, and has no benefit " "to the software user or the hardware owner. On the other hand, supposing " "some models of hardware will run modified versions, there is no advantage " "for you in using the manufacturer's signed version instead of a self-signed " "variant." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "Among the most important additions in the GNU General Public License version " "3, in 2007, was to prohibit taking a GPLv3-covered program and <a " "href=\"/licenses/quick-guide-gplv3.html\">distributing it under " "tivoization</a>, because it denies users the freedom, in practice, to modify " "the program and then use the modified version." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "As stated by the <a " "href=\"/distros/free-system-distribution-guidelines.html\">GNU Free System " "Distribution Guidelines</a>, operating systems which provide such firmware " "are not free, whether the upstream source code is free or not." msgstr "" #. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes. #. type: Content of: <div> msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S NOTES*" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><div><p> msgid "" "Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to <a " "href=\"mailto:gnu@gnu.org\"><gnu@gnu.org></a>. There are also <a " "href=\"/contact/\">other ways to contact</a> the FSF. Broken links and " "other corrections or suggestions can be sent to <a " "href=\"mailto:webmasters@gnu.org\"><webmasters@gnu.org></a>." msgstr "" #. TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph, #. replace it with the translation of these two: # #. We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality #. translations. However, we are not exempt from imperfection. #. Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard #. to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org"> # #. <web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p> # #. <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of #. our web pages, see <a #. href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations #. README</a>. #. type: Content of: <div><div><p> msgid "" "Please see the <a " "href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html\">Translations README</a> " "for information on coordinating and contributing translations of this " "article." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "Copyright © 2023, 2025 Free Software Foundation, Inc." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "This page is licensed under a <a rel=\"license\" " "href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/\">Creative Commons " "Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License</a>." msgstr "" #. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits. #. type: Content of: <div><div> msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S CREDITS*" msgstr "" #. timestamp start #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "Updated:" msgstr ""