# LANGUAGE translation of https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/udi.html # Copyright (C) YEAR Free Software Foundation, Inc. # This file is distributed under the same license as the original article. # FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. # #, fuzzy msgid "" msgstr "" "Project-Id-Version: udi.html\n" "POT-Creation-Date: 2021-10-01 17:27+0000\n" "PO-Revision-Date: YEAR-MO-DA HO:MI+ZONE\n" "Last-Translator: FULL NAME \n" "Language-Team: LANGUAGE \n" "Language: \n" "MIME-Version: 1.0\n" "Content-Type: text/plain; charset=CHARSET\n" "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" #. type: Content of: msgid "The Free Software Movement and UDI - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><h2> msgid "The Free Software Movement and UDI" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><address> msgid "by Richard Stallman" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "A project called UDI (Uniform Driver Interface) aims to define a single " "interface between operating system kernels and device drivers. What should " "the free software movement make of this idea?" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "If we imagine a number of operating systems and hardware developers, all " "cooperating on an equal footing, UDI (if technically feasible) would be a " "very good idea. It would permit us to develop just one driver for any given " "hardware device, and then all share it. It would enable a higher level of " "cooperation." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "When we apply the idea to the actual world, which contains both free " "software developers seeking cooperation, and proprietary software developers " "seeking domination, the consequences are very different. No way of using " "UDI can benefit the free software movement. If it does anything, it will " "divide and weaken us." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "If Linux supported UDI, and if we started designing new drivers to " "communicate with Linux through UDI, what would the consequences be?" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li> msgid "People could run free GPL-covered Linux drivers with Windows systems." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p> msgid "" "This would help only Windows users; it would do nothing for us users of free " "operating systems. It would not directly hurt us, either; but the " "developers of GPL-covered free drivers could be discouraged to see them used " "in this way, and that would be very bad. It can also be a violation of the " "GNU GPL to link the drivers into a proprietary kernel. To increase the " "temptation to do so is asking for trouble." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li> msgid "" "People could run nonfree Windows drivers on <a " "href=\"/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html\">GNU/Linux</a> systems." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p> msgid "" "This would not directly affect the range of hardware supported by free " "software. But indirectly it would tend to decrease the range, by offering a " "temptation to the millions of GNU/Linux users who have not learned to insist " "on freedom for its own sake. To the extent that the community began to " "accept the temptation, we would be moving to using nonfree drivers instead " "of writing free ones." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p> msgid "" "UDI would not in itself obstruct development of free drivers. So if enough " "of us rejected the temptation, we could still develop free drivers despite " "UDI, just as we do without UDI." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p> msgid "" "But why encourage the community to be weaker than it needs to be? Why make " "unnecessary difficulties for the future of free software? Since UDI does no " "good for us, it is better to reject UDI." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "Given these consequences, it is no surprise that Intel, a supporter of UDI, " "has started to “look to the Linux community for help with UDI.” " "How does a rich and self-seeking company approach a cooperating community? " "By asking for a handout, of course. They have nothing to lose by asking, " "and we might be caught off guard and say yes." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "Cooperation with UDI is not out of the question. We should not label UDI, " "Intel, or anyone, as a Great Satan. But before we participate in any " "proposed deal, we must judge it carefully, to make sure it is advantageous " "for the free software community, not just for proprietary system " "developers. On this particular issue, that means requiring that cooperation " "take us a step further along a path that leads to the ultimate goal for free " "kernels and drivers: supporting <em>all</em> important hardware with free " "drivers." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "One way to make a deal a good one could be by modifying the UDI project " "itself. Eric Raymond has proposed that UDI compliance could require that " "the driver be free software. That would be ideal, but other alternatives " "could also work. Just requiring source for the driver to be published, and " "not a trade secret, could do the job—because even if that driver is " "not free, it would at least tell us what we need to know to write a free " "driver." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "Intel could also do something outside of UDI to help the free software " "community solve this problem. For example, there may be some sort of " "certification that hardware developers seek, that Intel plays a role in " "granting. If so, Intel could agree to make certification more difficult if " "the hardware specs are secret. That might not be a complete solution to the " "problem, but it could help quite a bit." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "One difficulty with any deal with Intel about UDI is that we would do our " "part for Intel at the beginning, but Intel's payback would extend over a " "long time. In effect, we would be extending credit to Intel. But would " "Intel continue to repay its loan? Probably yes, if we get it in writing and " "there are no loopholes; otherwise, we can't count on it. Corporations are " "notoriously untrustworthy; the people we are dealing with may have " "integrity, but they could be overruled from above, or even replaced at any " "time with different people. Even a CEO who owns most of the stock can be " "replaced through a buy-out. When making a deal with a corporation, always " "get a binding commitment in writing." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "It does not seem likely that Intel would offer a deal that gives us what we " "need. In fact, UDI seems designed to make it easier to keep specifications " "secret." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "Still, there is no harm in keeping the door unlocked, as long as we are " "careful about who we let in." msgstr "" #. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes. #. type: Content of: <div> msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S NOTES*" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><div><p> msgid "" "Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to <a " "href=\"mailto:gnu@gnu.org\"><gnu@gnu.org></a>. There are also <a " "href=\"/contact/\">other ways to contact</a> the FSF. Broken links and " "other corrections or suggestions can be sent to <a " "href=\"mailto:webmasters@gnu.org\"><webmasters@gnu.org></a>." msgstr "" #. TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph, #. replace it with the translation of these two: # #. We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality #. translations. However, we are not exempt from imperfection. #. Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard #. to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org"> # #. <web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p> # #. <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of #. our web pages, see <a #. href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations #. README</a>. #. type: Content of: <div><div><p> msgid "" "Please see the <a " "href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html\">Translations README</a> " "for information on coordinating and contributing translations of this " "article." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "Copyright © 1998, 2021 Richard Stallman" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "This page is licensed under a <a rel=\"license\" " "href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/\">Creative Commons " "Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License</a>." msgstr "" #. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits. #. type: Content of: <div><div> msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S CREDITS*" msgstr "" #. timestamp start #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "Updated:" msgstr ""