# LANGUAGE translation of https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/university.html # Copyright (C) YEAR Free Software Foundation, Inc. # This file is distributed under the same license as the original article. # FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. # #, fuzzy msgid "" msgstr "" "Project-Id-Version: university.html\n" "POT-Creation-Date: 2021-08-28 13:56+0000\n" "PO-Revision-Date: YEAR-MO-DA HO:MI+ZONE\n" "Last-Translator: FULL NAME \n" "Language-Team: LANGUAGE \n" "Language: \n" "MIME-Version: 1.0\n" "Content-Type: text/plain; charset=CHARSET\n" "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" #. type: Content of: msgid "" "Releasing Free Software If You Work at a University - GNU Project - Free " "Software Foundation" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><h2> msgid "Releasing Free Software If You Work at a University" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "In the free software movement, we believe computer users should have the " "freedom to change and redistribute the software that they use. The " "“free” in “free software” refers to freedom: it " "means users have the freedom to run, modify and redistribute the software. " "Free software contributes to human knowledge, while nonfree software does " "not. Universities should therefore encourage free software for the sake of " "advancing human knowledge, just as they should encourage scientists and " "other scholars to publish their work." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "Alas, many university administrators have a grasping attitude towards " "software (and towards science); they see programs as opportunities for " "income, not as opportunities to contribute to human knowledge. Free " "software developers have been coping with this tendency for almost 20 years." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "When I started developing the <a href=\"/gnu/thegnuproject.html\">GNU " "operating system</a>, in 1984, my first step was to quit my job at MIT. I " "did this specifically so that the MIT licensing office would be unable to " "interfere with releasing GNU as free software. I had planned an approach " "for licensing the programs in GNU that would ensure that all modified " "versions must be free software as well—an approach that developed into " "the <a href=\"/licenses/gpl.html\">GNU General Public License</a> (GNU " "GPL)—and I did not want to have to beg the MIT administration to let " "me use it." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "Over the years, university affiliates have often come to the Free Software " "Foundation for advice on how to cope with administrators who see software " "only as something to sell. One good method, applicable even for " "specifically funded projects, is to base your work on an existing program " "that was released under the GNU GPL. Then you can tell the administrators, " "“We're not allowed to release the modified version except under the " "GNU GPL—any other way would be copyright infringement.” After " "the dollar signs fade from their eyes, they will usually consent to " "releasing it as free software." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "You can also ask your funding sponsor for help. When a group at NYU " "developed the GNU Ada Compiler, with funding from the US Air Force, the " "contract explicitly called for donating the resulting code to the Free " "Software Foundation. Work out the arrangement with the sponsor first, then " "politely show the university administration that it is not open to " "renegotiation. They would rather have a contract to develop free software " "than no contract at all, so they will most likely go along." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "Whatever you do, raise the issue early—well before the program is half " "finished. At this point, the university still needs you, so you can play " "hardball: tell the administration you will finish the program, make it " "usable, if they agree in writing to make it free software (and agree to your " "choice of free software license). Otherwise you will work on it only enough " "to write a paper about it, and never make a version good enough to release. " "When the administrators know their choice is to have a free software package " "that brings credit to the university or nothing at all, they will usually " "choose the former." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "The FSF can sometimes persuade your university to accept the GNU General " "Public License, or to accept GPL version 3. If you can't do it alone, " "please give us the chance to help. Send mail to licensing@fsf.org, and put " "“urgent” in the Subject field." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "Not all universities have grasping policies. The University of Texas has a " "policy that makes it easy to release software developed there as free " "software under the GNU General Public License. Univates in Brazil, and the " "International Institute of Information Technology in Hyderabad, India, both " "have policies in favor of releasing software under the GPL. By developing " "faculty support first, you may be able to institute such a policy at your " "university. Present the issue as one of principle: does the university have " "a mission to advance human knowledge, or is its sole purpose to perpetuate " "itself?" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "In persuading the university, it helps to approach the issue with " "determination and based on an ethical perspective, as we do in the free " "software movement. To treat the public ethically, the software should be " "free—as in freedom—for the whole public." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "Many developers of free software profess narrowly practical reasons for " "doing so: they advocate allowing others to share and change software as an " "expedient for making software powerful and reliable. If those values " "motivate you to develop free software, well and good, and thank you for your " "contribution. But those values do not give you a good footing to stand firm " "when university administrators pressure or tempt you to make the program " "nonfree." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "For instance, they may argue that “We could make it even more powerful " "and reliable with all the money we can get.” This claim may or may not " "come true in the end, but it is hard to disprove in advance. They may " "suggest a license to offer copies “free of charge, for academic use " "only,” which would tell the general public they don't deserve freedom, " "and argue that this will obtain the cooperation of academia, which is all " "(they say) you need." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "If you start from values of convenience alone, it is hard to make a good " "case for rejecting these dead-end proposals, but you can do it easily if you " "base your stand on ethical and political values. What good is it to make a " "program powerful and reliable at the expense of users' freedom? Shouldn't " "freedom apply outside academia as well as within it? The answers are obvious " "if freedom and community are among your goals. Free software respects the " "users' freedom, while nonfree software negates it." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "Nothing strengthens your resolve like knowing that the community's freedom " "depends, in one instance, on you." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><div><p> msgid "" "This essay is published in <a " "href=\"https://shop.fsf.org/product/free-software-free-society/\"><cite>Free " "Software, Free Society: The Selected Essays of Richard " "M. Stallman</cite></a>." msgstr "" #. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes. #. type: Content of: <div> msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S NOTES*" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><div><p> msgid "" "Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to <a " "href=\"mailto:gnu@gnu.org\"><gnu@gnu.org></a>. There are also <a " "href=\"/contact/\">other ways to contact</a> the FSF. Broken links and " "other corrections or suggestions can be sent to <a " "href=\"mailto:webmasters@gnu.org\"><webmasters@gnu.org></a>." msgstr "" #. TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph, #. replace it with the translation of these two: # #. We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality #. translations. However, we are not exempt from imperfection. #. Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard #. to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org"> # #. <web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p> # #. <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of #. our web pages, see <a #. href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations #. README</a>. #. type: Content of: <div><div><p> msgid "" "Please see the <a " "href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html\">Translations README</a> " "for information on coordinating and contributing translations of this " "article." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "Copyright © 2002, 2014, 2021 Richard Stallman" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "This page is licensed under a <a rel=\"license\" " "href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/\">Creative Commons " "Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License</a>." msgstr "" #. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits. #. type: Content of: <div><div> msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S CREDITS*" msgstr "" #. timestamp start #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "Updated:" msgstr ""