# LANGUAGE translation of https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/x.html # Copyright (C) YEAR Free Software Foundation, Inc. # This file is distributed under the same license as the original article. # FIRST AUTHOR <EMAIL@ADDRESS>, YEAR. # #, fuzzy msgid "" msgstr "" "Project-Id-Version: x.html\n" "POT-Creation-Date: 2021-09-05 10:26+0000\n" "PO-Revision-Date: YEAR-MO-DA HO:MI+ZONE\n" "Last-Translator: FULL NAME <EMAIL@ADDRESS>\n" "Language-Team: LANGUAGE <LL@li.org>\n" "Language: \n" "MIME-Version: 1.0\n" "Content-Type: text/plain; charset=CHARSET\n" "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" #. type: Content of: <title> msgid "The X Window System Trap - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation" msgstr "" #. type: Attribute 'content' of: <meta> msgid "" "GNU, FSF, Free Software Foundation, freedom, Richard Stallman, rms, free " "software movement" msgstr "" #. type: Attribute 'content' of: <meta> msgid "" "Richard Stallman discusses the history of the movement to develop a free " "operating system." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><h2> msgid "The X Window System Trap" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><address> msgid "by Richard M. Stallman" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "To copyleft or not to copyleft? That is one of the major controversies in " "the free software community. The idea of copyleft is that we should fight " "fire with fire—that we should use copyright to make sure our code " "stays free. The GNU General Public License (GNU GPL) is one example of a " "copyleft license." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "Some free software developers prefer noncopyleft distribution. Noncopyleft " "licenses such as the XFree86 and <a href=\"/licenses/bsd.html\">BSD</a> " "licenses are based on the idea of never saying no to anyone—not even " "to someone who seeks to use your work as the basis for restricting other " "people. Noncopyleft licensing does nothing wrong, but it misses the " "opportunity to actively protect our freedom to change and redistribute " "software. For that, we need copyleft." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "For many years, the X Consortium was the chief opponent of copyleft. It " "exerted both moral suasion and pressure to discourage free software " "developers from copylefting their programs. It used moral suasion by " "suggesting that it is not nice to say no. It used pressure through its rule " "that copylefted software could not be in the X Distribution." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "Why did the X Consortium adopt this policy? It had to do with their " "conception of success. The X Consortium defined success as " "popularity—specifically, getting computer companies to use the X " "Window System. This definition put the computer companies in the driver's " "seat: whatever they wanted, the X Consortium had to help them get it." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "Computer companies normally distribute proprietary software. They wanted " "free software developers to donate their work for such use. If they had " "asked for this directly, people would have laughed. But the X Consortium, " "fronting for them, could present this request as an unselfish one. " "“Join us in donating our work to proprietary software " "developers,” they said, suggesting that this is a noble form of " "self-sacrifice. “Join us in achieving popularity,” they said, " "suggesting that it was not even a sacrifice." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "But self-sacrifice is not the issue: tossing away the defense that copyleft " "provides, which protects the freedom of the whole community, is sacrificing " "more than yourself. Those who granted the X Consortium's request entrusted " "the community's future to the goodwill of the X Consortium." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "This trust was misplaced. In its last year, the X Consortium made a plan to " "restrict the forthcoming X11R6.4 release so that it would not be free " "software. They decided to start saying no, not only to proprietary software " "developers, but to our community as well." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "There is an irony here. If you said yes when the X Consortium asked you not " "to use copyleft, you put the X Consortium in a position to license and " "restrict its version of your program, along with the code for the core of X." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "The X Consortium did not carry out this plan. Instead it closed down and " "transferred X development to the Open Group, whose staff are now carrying " "out a similar plan. To give them credit, when I asked them to release " "X11R6.4 under the GNU GPL in parallel with their planned restrictive " "license, they were willing to consider the idea. (They were firmly against " "staying with the old X11 distribution terms.) Before they said yes or no to " "this proposal, it had already failed for another reason: the XFree86 group " "followed the X Consortium's old policy, and will not accept copylefted " "software." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "In September 1998, several months after X11R6.4 was released with nonfree " "distribution terms, the Open Group reversed its decision and rereleased it " "under the same noncopyleft free software license that was used for X11R6.3. " "Thus, the Open Group therefore eventually did what was right, but that does " "not alter the general issue." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "Even if the X Consortium and the Open Group had never planned to restrict X, " "someone else could have done it. Noncopylefted software is vulnerable from " "all directions; it lets anyone make a nonfree version dominant, if he will " "invest sufficient resources to add significantly important features using " "proprietary code. Users who choose software based on technical " "characteristics, rather than on freedom, could easily be lured to the " "nonfree version for short-term convenience." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "The X Consortium and Open Group can no longer exert moral suasion by saying " "that it is wrong to say no. This will make it easier to decide to copyleft " "your X-related software." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "When you work on the core of X, on programs such as the X server, Xlib, and " "Xt, there is a practical reason not to use copyleft. The X.org group does " "an important job for the community in maintaining these programs, and the " "benefit of copylefting our changes would be less than the harm done by a " "fork in development. So it is better to work with them, and not copyleft " "our changes on these programs. Likewise for utilities such as " "<code>xset</code> and <code>xrdb</code>, which are close to the core of X " "and do not need major improvements. At least we know that the X.org group " "has a firm commitment to developing these programs as free software." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "The issue is different for programs outside the core of X: applications, " "window managers, and additional libraries and widgets. There is no reason " "not to copyleft them, and we should copyleft them." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "In case anyone feels the pressure exerted by the criteria for inclusion in " "the X distributions, the GNU Project will undertake to publicize copylefted " "packages that work with X. If you would like to copyleft something, and you " "worry that its omission from the X distribution will impede its popularity, " "please ask us to help." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "At the same time, it is better if we do not feel too much need for " "popularity. When a businessman tempts you with “more " "popularity,” he may try to convince you that his use of your program " "is crucial to its success. Don't believe it! If your program is good, it " "will find many users anyway; you don't need to feel desperate for any " "particular users, and you will be stronger if you do not. You can get an " "indescribable sense of joy and freedom by responding, “Take it or " "leave it—that's no skin off my back.” Often the businessman will " "turn around and accept the program with copyleft, once you call the bluff." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "Friends, free software developers, don't repeat old mistakes! If we do not " "copyleft our software, we put its future at the mercy of anyone equipped " "with more resources than scruples. With copyleft, we can defend freedom, " "not just for ourselves, but for our whole community." msgstr "" #. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes. #. type: Content of: <div> msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S NOTES*" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><div><p> msgid "" "Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to <a " "href=\"mailto:gnu@gnu.org\"><gnu@gnu.org></a>. There are also <a " "href=\"/contact/\">other ways to contact</a> the FSF. Broken links and " "other corrections or suggestions can be sent to <a " "href=\"mailto:webmasters@gnu.org\"><webmasters@gnu.org></a>." msgstr "" #. TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph, #. replace it with the translation of these two: # #. We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality #. translations. However, we are not exempt from imperfection. #. Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard #. to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org"> # #. <web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p> # #. <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of #. our web pages, see <a #. href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations #. README</a>. #. type: Content of: <div><div><p> msgid "" "Please see the <a " "href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html\">Translations README</a> " "for information on coordinating and contributing translations of this " "article." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "Copyright © 1998, 2009, 2021 Richard M. Stallman" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "This page is licensed under a <a rel=\"license\" " "href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/\">Creative Commons " "Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License</a>." msgstr "" #. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits. #. type: Content of: <div><div> msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S CREDITS*" msgstr "" #. timestamp start #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "Updated:" msgstr ""