msgid "You, the Problem TPM2 Solves - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><h2> msgid "You, the Problem TPM2 Solves" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><address> msgid "by Chao-Kuei Hung <a id=\"hung-rev\" href=\"#hung\"><sup>[*]</sup></a>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><h3> msgid "1. Trust: to Give or to Earn?" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "Microsoft wants you to believe that you can give trust to TPM2 for better " "security. TPM2 is made a mandatory prerequisite, not an option for Windows " "11. That does not square with how we understand “trust” to " "work. In truth, TPM2 is not about enhancing the security of the users. It " "is about solving the problem of the untrustworthy computer users in areas " "such as <a href=\"https://drm.info/what-is-drm.en.html\">Digital " "Restrictions Management</a>, <a " "href=\"https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=25336063\"> game " "anti-cheating</a>, and <a " "href=\"https://www.forbes.com/sites/seanlawson/2020/04/24/are-schools-forcing-students-to-install-spyware-that-invades-their-privacy-as-a-result-of-the-coronavirus-lockdown/\">exam " "proctoring</a>. All these applications have failed so far because users " "have total control over their physical properties, the computers. That " "control allows them to run DRM‑stripping software on video/audio/<a " "href=\"https://gothub.projectsegfau.lt/nedlir/OfficerBreaker/\"> text</a> " "files, plugins to cheat in games, and video intercepting software to cheat " "in the exam, among many possibilities." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "To discipline the users against their possible ill wills, such software has " "to do way more than minding their own businesses. They have to take the " "highest level of operating system privilege and prevent users from switching " "to other applications or even running, in the background, any potentially " "cheating-aiding software such as audio/video recorder. That's why these " "classes of software all behave exactly like rootkit malware. Microsoft has " "long been consistent in its <a " "href=\"https://www.schneier.com/blog/archives/2005/11/sonys_drm_rootk.html\"> " "complicit approval</a> of Sony's rootkit and its insistence on content " "protection since <a " "href=\"https://www.cs.auckland.ac.nz/~pgut001/pubs/vista_cost.html\"> the " "miserable failure that was Vista</a>. With the help of TPM2 and the " "assurance of mathematics, however, Microsoft can finally enforce it. You " "have to earn their trust by letting TPM2 remotely attest to Microsoft and " "other software vendors about who you really are, and “swear” in " "cryptographic terms that you are not running anything against their " "software." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><h3> msgid "2. The biometrics of CPUs" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "<a " "href=\"https://blog.dustinkirkland.com/2013/10/fingerprints-are-user-names-not.html\"> " "Fingerprints are usernames, not passwords</a>. They facilitate surveillance " "from governments or corporations over individuals way better than they help " "individuals protect secrets and privacy. For example, it is encryption " "passwords (and the underlying mathematics), not fingerprints, that can " "protect the secrets of a temporarily unconscious or even a deceased person. " "In general biometrics are suitable for surveillance and not suitable for " "computer security because of their uniqueness, the difficulty for the owner " "to forge, and the difficulty for the owner to refuse to reveal. (Think of " "the <a " "href=\"https://apnews.com/article/china-technology-beijing-business-international-news-bf75dd1c26c947b7826d270a16e2658a\"> " "gait analysis technology</a> so well developed in China.)" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "The public portions of the endorsement key (EK), Attestation Identity Key " "(AIK), and other keys in a TPM2 chip have properties similar to the " "biometrics of a person. It is unique just like the serial number of the " "engine in a car, and the manufacturers keep track of all those numbers in " "their products. With a physically carved serial number, it is easy for the " "user to share with his friends in a fake report in case the remote corporate " "lords demand the knowledge or the photo of that number. In the TPM2 " "situation, however, knowledge of the public keys alone is not sufficient to " "carry out the attestations. Cryptographic properties ensure that it is " "impossible for the user to attest without the physical presence of the TPM " "since the private part of those keys are sealed tight in the chip, protected " "even (mainly) against the computer owner. This renders the old trick of " "sharing Netflix password, for example, invalid." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "For security experts or computer owners who disapprove of rootkit malware " "taking control of their computers, virtual machines are indispensable. TPM2 " "will render VM technologies useless in <a " "href=\"https://thomwiggers.nl/post/proctorio/\">their fight</a> against " "those classes of rootkit malware coming from the corporations. The identity " "under which most VM's attest to the remote lords will necessarily be " "different from any manufacturer-certified identities and they will most " "likely be crippled or even outright banned by the Windows OS." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><h3> msgid "3. The train of prison" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "Suppose an engineer has to design a luxurious prison made of a train. It is " "not enough to ensure that each railcar is locked. One also has to ensure " "that there is no exit in each gangway between adjacent railcars. A " "DRM-enforcing computer is a luxurious prison made of a train. TPM2 is the " "locomotive and provides the root of trust, followed by the UEFI firmware, " "followed by the operating system, possibly followed by one or more levels of " "virtual machines, and finally followed by the DRM application. In addition, " "there may be several intervening railcars which represent the various " "trustworthy device drivers and/or services started by the host and each " "level of guest operating system." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "If the user somehow inserts a virtual machine or service of her own design " "somewhere along the way, she may then escape from the prison even if all the " "other railcars are trustworthy. The platform configuration registers PCR in " "a TPM2 chip are designed in such a curious way as to allow only resetting " "and extending values but not storing arbitrary values. That's a " "cryptographic way of ensuring the gangways are sealed tightly." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><h3> msgid "4. Closing in the Dragnet" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "If the dragnet is big enough, few fish swimming inside it will feel " "restricted. If there are several holes on the dragnet, fish may be " "persuaded that what surrounds them is not a dragnet. If the holes grow " "smaller slowly enough, hardly any fish will care about it. When the main " "exit of the dragnet is taken care of, the small holes can be sealed and all " "fish can finally be trusted to behave inside the dragnet. The following is " "a list of things likely to happen as TPM2 becomes pervasive. The less " "controversial measures and those affecting only a small population are more " "likely to happen earlier." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li> msgid "Free firmware such as libreboot is not trusted." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li> msgid "" "VM hypervisors are trusted only if their emulated TPM2 bear certain public " "keys." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li> msgid "" "Only the Microsoft version, possibly plus a small number of major " "distributions, of the GNU/Linux operating system are trusted." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li> msgid "Applications are trusted only if they come from the Windows Store." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li> msgid "" "Applications are de-listed from the Windows Store if they are found to " "circumvent DRM, etc." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li> msgid "" "Software protecting user privacy and freedom against Microsoft telemetry and " "control are de-listed from the Windows Store." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li> msgid "" "Software competing with Microsoft products are de-listed from the Windows " "Store." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li> msgid "" "<a href=\"https://web2.qatar.cmu.edu/cs/15349/dl/DRM-TC.pdf\"> Ever " "fewer</a> Windows configuration settings remain modifiable if the system is " "to remain trusted. Container technology might slightly mitigate the " "problem." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "Meanwhile, applications in such areas as DRM, game-anticheating, exam " "proctoring, and chat message revocation will be among the first to enforce " "remote attestation. For it is relatively easy for the corporate lords to " "persuade the population to give up their control of their own physical " "properties in exchange for the delusion of “fairness” (among the " "peasants) in these application areas." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "In each of the above, Microsoft may leave alone the older versions of the " "mentioned software/firmware so as to minimize commotion and resistance. " "Time will take care of the small group of old-school die-hard population. " "Eventually Microsoft and its corporate partners will have total remote " "control over computers of the entire population, who will finally earn the " "lords' trust." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "* * * * *" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "To escape from this dragnet, one can wean oneself from unnecessary cloud " "computing software starting today. Gabriel Sieben <a " "href=\"https://vuink.com/post/tnoevryfvrora-d-dgrpu/2022/07/29/remote-assertion-is-coming-back-how-much-freedom-will-it-take\"> " "summarizes the situation</a> very well:" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><blockquote><p> msgid "" "Old copy protection systems tried to control what your PC could do, and were " "always defeated. Remote attestation by itself permits your PC to do almost " "anything you want, but ensures your PC can't talk to any services requiring " "attestation if they don't like what your PC is doing or not doing." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "Richard M. Stallman's warning about <a " "href=\"/philosophy/who-does-that-server-really-serve.html\">Service as a " "Software Substitute</a> 10 years ago is refreshingly worth heeding again " "today. For communicating with friends and colleagues, <a " "href=\"https://opensource.com/article/20/5/free-software-communication\"> " "use a completely decentralized protocol or community-run service</a>. There " "are, however, some cloud services (e.g. games) that many people find hard to " "resist. It is therefore important to bring awareness and discussion of this " "issue to a wider population if we believe that physical property right " "should never be stolen by the “intellectual property right” " "propaganda." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><div><p> msgid "" "<a id=\"hung\" href=\"#hung-rev\">[*]</a> Chao-Kuei Hung is an associate " "professor at the <a href=\"https://www.cyut.edu.tw/\">Chaoyang University of " "Technology</a> and a member of the <a href=\"https://slat.org/\">Software " "Liberty Association, Taiwan</a>." msgstr "" #. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes. #. type: Content of: <div> msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S NOTES*" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><div><p> msgid "" "Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to <a " "href=\"mailto:gnu@gnu.org\"><gnu@gnu.org></a>. There are also <a " "href=\"/contact/\">other ways to contact</a> the FSF. Broken links and " "other corrections or suggestions can be sent to <a " "href=\"mailto:webmasters@gnu.org\"><webmasters@gnu.org></a>." msgstr "" #. TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph, #. replace it with the translation of these two: # #. We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality #. translations. However, we are not exempt from imperfection. #. Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard #. to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org"> # #. <web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p> # #. <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of #. our web pages, see <a #. href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations #. README</a>. #. type: Content of: <div><div><p> msgid "" "Please see the <a " "href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html\">Translations README</a> " "for information on coordinating and contributing translations of this " "article." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "Copyright © 2022 Chao-Kuei Hung" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "This page is licensed under a <a rel=\"license\" " "href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/\">Creative Commons " "Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License</a>." msgstr "" #. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits. #. type: Content of: <div><div> msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S CREDITS*" msgstr "" #. timestamp start #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "Updated:" msgstr ""

# LANGUAGE translation of https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/you-the-problem-tpm2-solves.html # Copyright (C) YEAR Free Software Foundation, Inc. # This file is distributed under the same license as the original article. # FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. # #, fuzzy msgid "" msgstr "" "Project-Id-Version: you-the-problem-tpm2-solves.html\n" "POT-Creation-Date: 2024-12-28 14:25+0000\n" "PO-Revision-Date: YEAR-MO-DA HO:MI+ZONE\n" "Last-Translator: FULL NAME \n" "Language-Team: LANGUAGE \n" "Language: \n" "MIME-Version: 1.0\n" "Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" #. type: Content of: msgid "You, the Problem TPM2 Solves - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><h2> msgid "You, the Problem TPM2 Solves" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><address> msgid "by Chao-Kuei Hung <a id=\"hung-rev\" href=\"#hung\"><sup>[*]</sup></a>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><h3> msgid "1. Trust: to Give or to Earn?" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "Microsoft wants you to believe that you can give trust to TPM2 for better " "security. TPM2 is made a mandatory prerequisite, not an option for Windows " "11. That does not square with how we understand “trust” to " "work. In truth, TPM2 is not about enhancing the security of the users. It " "is about solving the problem of the untrustworthy computer users in areas " "such as <a href=\"https://drm.info/what-is-drm.en.html\">Digital " "Restrictions Management</a>, <a " "href=\"https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=25336063\"> game " "anti-cheating</a>, and <a " "href=\"https://www.forbes.com/sites/seanlawson/2020/04/24/are-schools-forcing-students-to-install-spyware-that-invades-their-privacy-as-a-result-of-the-coronavirus-lockdown/\">exam " "proctoring</a>. All these applications have failed so far because users " "have total control over their physical properties, the computers. That " "control allows them to run DRM‑stripping software on video/audio/<a " "href=\"https://gothub.projectsegfau.lt/nedlir/OfficerBreaker/\"> text</a> " "files, plugins to cheat in games, and video intercepting software to cheat " "in the exam, among many possibilities." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "To discipline the users against their possible ill wills, such software has " "to do way more than minding their own businesses. They have to take the " "highest level of operating system privilege and prevent users from switching " "to other applications or even running, in the background, any potentially " "cheating-aiding software such as audio/video recorder. That's why these " "classes of software all behave exactly like rootkit malware. Microsoft has " "long been consistent in its <a " "href=\"https://www.schneier.com/blog/archives/2005/11/sonys_drm_rootk.html\"> " "complicit approval</a> of Sony's rootkit and its insistence on content " "protection since <a " "href=\"https://www.cs.auckland.ac.nz/~pgut001/pubs/vista_cost.html\"> the " "miserable failure that was Vista</a>. With the help of TPM2 and the " "assurance of mathematics, however, Microsoft can finally enforce it. You " "have to earn their trust by letting TPM2 remotely attest to Microsoft and " "other software vendors about who you really are, and “swear” in " "cryptographic terms that you are not running anything against their " "software." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><h3> msgid "2. The biometrics of CPUs" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "<a " "href=\"https://blog.dustinkirkland.com/2013/10/fingerprints-are-user-names-not.html\"> " "Fingerprints are usernames, not passwords</a>. They facilitate surveillance " "from governments or corporations over individuals way better than they help " "individuals protect secrets and privacy. For example, it is encryption " "passwords (and the underlying mathematics), not fingerprints, that can " "protect the secrets of a temporarily unconscious or even a deceased person. " "In general biometrics are suitable for surveillance and not suitable for " "computer security because of their uniqueness, the difficulty for the owner " "to forge, and the difficulty for the owner to refuse to reveal. (Think of " "the <a " "href=\"https://apnews.com/article/china-technology-beijing-business-international-news-bf75dd1c26c947b7826d270a16e2658a\"> " "gait analysis technology</a> so well developed in China.)" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "The public portions of the endorsement key (EK), Attestation Identity Key " "(AIK), and other keys in a TPM2 chip have properties similar to the " "biometrics of a person. It is unique just like the serial number of the " "engine in a car, and the manufacturers keep track of all those numbers in " "their products. With a physically carved serial number, it is easy for the " "user to share with his friends in a fake report in case the remote corporate " "lords demand the knowledge or the photo of that number. In the TPM2 " "situation, however, knowledge of the public keys alone is not sufficient to " "carry out the attestations. Cryptographic properties ensure that it is " "impossible for the user to attest without the physical presence of the TPM " "since the private part of those keys are sealed tight in the chip, protected " "even (mainly) against the computer owner. This renders the old trick of " "sharing Netflix password, for example, invalid." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "For security experts or computer owners who disapprove of rootkit malware " "taking control of their computers, virtual machines are indispensable. TPM2 " "will render VM technologies useless in <a " "href=\"https://thomwiggers.nl/post/proctorio/\">their fight</a> against " "those classes of rootkit malware coming from the corporations. The identity " "under which most VM's attest to the remote lords will necessarily be " "different from any manufacturer-certified identities and they will most " "likely be crippled or even outright banned by the Windows OS." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><h3> msgid "3. The train of prison" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "Suppose an engineer has to design a luxurious prison made of a train. It is " "not enough to ensure that each railcar is locked. One also has to ensure " "that there is no exit in each gangway between adjacent railcars. A " "DRM-enforcing computer is a luxurious prison made of a train. TPM2 is the " "locomotive and provides the root of trust, followed by the UEFI firmware, " "followed by the operating system, possibly followed by one or more levels of " "virtual machines, and finally followed by the DRM application. In addition, " "there may be several intervening railcars which represent the various " "trustworthy device drivers and/or services started by the host and each " "level of guest operating system." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "If the user somehow inserts a virtual machine or service of her own design " "somewhere along the way, she may then escape from the prison even if all the " "other railcars are trustworthy. The platform configuration registers PCR in " "a TPM2 chip are designed in such a curious way as to allow only resetting " "and extending values but not storing arbitrary values. That's a " "cryptographic way of ensuring the gangways are sealed tightly." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><h3> msgid "4. Closing in the Dragnet" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "If the dragnet is big enough, few fish swimming inside it will feel " "restricted. If there are several holes on the dragnet, fish may be " "persuaded that what surrounds them is not a dragnet. If the holes grow " "smaller slowly enough, hardly any fish will care about it. When the main " "exit of the dragnet is taken care of, the small holes can be sealed and all " "fish can finally be trusted to behave inside the dragnet. The following is " "a list of things likely to happen as TPM2 becomes pervasive. The less " "controversial measures and those affecting only a small population are more " "likely to happen earlier." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li> msgid "Free firmware such as libreboot is not trusted." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li> msgid "" "VM hypervisors are trusted only if their emulated TPM2 bear certain public " "keys." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li> msgid "" "Only the Microsoft version, possibly plus a small number of major " "distributions, of the GNU/Linux operating system are trusted." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li> msgid "Applications are trusted only if they come from the Windows Store." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li> msgid "" "Applications are de-listed from the Windows Store if they are found to " "circumvent DRM, etc." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li> msgid "" "Software protecting user privacy and freedom against Microsoft telemetry and " "control are de-listed from the Windows Store." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li> msgid "" "Software competing with Microsoft products are de-listed from the Windows " "Store." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li> msgid "" "<a href=\"https://web2.qatar.cmu.edu/cs/15349/dl/DRM-TC.pdf\"> Ever " "fewer</a> Windows configuration settings remain modifiable if the system is " "to remain trusted. Container technology might slightly mitigate the " "problem." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "Meanwhile, applications in such areas as DRM, game-anticheating, exam " "proctoring, and chat message revocation will be among the first to enforce " "remote attestation. For it is relatively easy for the corporate lords to " "persuade the population to give up their control of their own physical " "properties in exchange for the delusion of “fairness” (among the " "peasants) in these application areas." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "In each of the above, Microsoft may leave alone the older versions of the " "mentioned software/firmware so as to minimize commotion and resistance. " "Time will take care of the small group of old-school die-hard population. " "Eventually Microsoft and its corporate partners will have total remote " "control over computers of the entire population, who will finally earn the " "lords' trust." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "* * * * *" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "To escape from this dragnet, one can wean oneself from unnecessary cloud " "computing software starting today. Gabriel Sieben <a " "href=\"https://vuink.com/post/tnoevryfvrora-d-dgrpu/2022/07/29/remote-assertion-is-coming-back-how-much-freedom-will-it-take\"> " "summarizes the situation</a> very well:" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><blockquote><p> msgid "" "Old copy protection systems tried to control what your PC could do, and were " "always defeated. Remote attestation by itself permits your PC to do almost " "anything you want, but ensures your PC can't talk to any services requiring " "attestation if they don't like what your PC is doing or not doing." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "Richard M. Stallman's warning about <a " "href=\"/philosophy/who-does-that-server-really-serve.html\">Service as a " "Software Substitute</a> 10 years ago is refreshingly worth heeding again " "today. For communicating with friends and colleagues, <a " "href=\"https://opensource.com/article/20/5/free-software-communication\"> " "use a completely decentralized protocol or community-run service</a>. There " "are, however, some cloud services (e.g. games) that many people find hard to " "resist. It is therefore important to bring awareness and discussion of this " "issue to a wider population if we believe that physical property right " "should never be stolen by the “intellectual property right” " "propaganda." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><div><p> msgid "" "<a id=\"hung\" href=\"#hung-rev\">[*]</a> Chao-Kuei Hung is an associate " "professor at the <a href=\"https://www.cyut.edu.tw/\">Chaoyang University of " "Technology</a> and a member of the <a href=\"https://slat.org/\">Software " "Liberty Association, Taiwan</a>." msgstr "" #. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes. #. type: Content of: <div> msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S NOTES*" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><div><p> msgid "" "Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to <a " "href=\"mailto:gnu@gnu.org\"><gnu@gnu.org></a>. There are also <a " "href=\"/contact/\">other ways to contact</a> the FSF. Broken links and " "other corrections or suggestions can be sent to <a " "href=\"mailto:webmasters@gnu.org\"><webmasters@gnu.org></a>." msgstr "" #. TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph, #. replace it with the translation of these two: # #. We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality #. translations. However, we are not exempt from imperfection. #. Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard #. to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org"> # #. <web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p> # #. <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of #. our web pages, see <a #. href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations #. README</a>. #. type: Content of: <div><div><p> msgid "" "Please see the <a " "href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html\">Translations README</a> " "for information on coordinating and contributing translations of this " "article." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "Copyright © 2022 Chao-Kuei Hung" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "This page is licensed under a <a rel=\"license\" " "href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/\">Creative Commons " "Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License</a>." msgstr "" #. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits. #. type: Content of: <div><div> msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S CREDITS*" msgstr "" #. timestamp start #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "Updated:" msgstr ""