# LANGUAGE translation of https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/sco/sco-gnu-linux.html # Copyright (C) YEAR Free Software Foundation, Inc. # This file is distributed under the same license as the original article. # FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. # #, fuzzy msgid "" msgstr "" "Project-Id-Version: sco-gnu-linux.html\n" "POT-Creation-Date: 2021-10-07 21:25+0000\n" "PO-Revision-Date: YEAR-MO-DA HO:MI+ZONE\n" "Last-Translator: FULL NAME \n" "Language-Team: LANGUAGE \n" "Language: \n" "MIME-Version: 1.0\n" "Content-Type: text/plain; charset=CHARSET\n" "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" #. type: Content of: msgid "SCO, GNU and Linux - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><h2> msgid "SCO, GNU and Linux" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><address> msgid "by <a href=\"https://www.stallman.org/\">Richard Stallman</a>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "SCO's contract dispute with IBM has been accompanied by a smear campaign " "against the whole GNU/Linux system. But SCO made an obvious mistake when it " "erroneously quoted me as saying that “Linux is a copy of Unix.” " "Many readers immediately smelled a rat—not only because I did not say " "that, and not only because the person who said it was talking about " "published ideas (which are uncopyrightable) rather than code, but because " "they know I would never compare Linux with Unix." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "Unix is a complete operating system, but Linux is just part of one. SCO is " "using the popular confusion between Linux and the GNU/Linux system to " "magnify the fear that it can spread. GNU/Linux is the GNU operating system " "running with Linux as the kernel. The kernel is the part of the system that " "allocates the machine's resources to the other programs you run. That part " "is Linux." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "We developed GNU starting in 1984 as a campaign for freedom, whose aim was " "to eliminate nonfree software from our lives. GNU is free software, meaning " "that users are free to run it, study it and change it (or pay programmers to " "do this for them), redistribute it (gratis or for a fee), and publish " "modified versions. (See <a href=\"/gnu/thegnuproject.html\">an overview of " "the GNU project</a>.)" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "In 1991, GNU was mostly finished, lacking only a kernel. In 1992, Linus " "Torvalds made his kernel, Linux, free software. Others combined GNU and " "Linux to produce the first complete free operating system, GNU/Linux. (See " "<a href=\"/gnu/gnu-linux-faq.html\">our GNU/Linux FAQ</a>.) GNU/Linux is " "also free software, and SCO made use of this freedom by selling their " "version of it. Today, GNU runs with various kernels including Linux, the " "GNU Hurd (our kernel), and the NetBSD kernel. It is basically the same " "system whichever kernel you use." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "Those who combined Linux with GNU didn't recognize that's what they were " "doing, and they spoke of the combination as “Linux.” The " "confusion spread; many users and journalists call the whole system " "“Linux.” Since they also properly call the kernel " "“Linux,” the result is even more confusion: when a statement " "says “Linux,” you can only guess what software it refers to. " "SCO's irresponsible statements are shot through with ambiguous references to " "“Linux.” It is impossible to attribute any coherent meaning to " "them overall, but they appear to accuse the entire GNU/Linux system of being " "copied from Unix." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "The name GNU stands for “GNU's Not Unix.” The whole point of " "developing the GNU system is that it is not Unix. Unix is and always was " "nonfree software, meaning that it denies its users the freedom to cooperate " "and to control their computers. To use computers in freedom as a community, " "we needed a free software operating system. We did not have the money to " "buy and liberate an existing system, but we did have the skill to write a " "new one. Writing GNU was a monumental job. We did it for our freedom, and " "your freedom." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "To copy Unix source code would not be ethically wrong <a " "href=\"#footnote\">[1]</a>, but it is illegal; our work would fail to give " "users lawful freedom to cooperate if it were not done lawfully. To make " "sure we would not copy Unix source code or write anything similar, we told " "GNU contributors not even to look at Unix source code while developing code " "for GNU. We also suggested design approaches that differ from typical Unix " "design approaches, to ensure our code would not resemble Unix code. We did " "our best to avoid ever copying Unix code, despite our basic premise that to " "prohibit copying of software is morally wrong." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "Another SCO tool of obfuscation is the term “intellectual " "property.” This fashionable but foolish term carries an evident bias: " "that the right way to treat works, ideas, and names is as a kind of " "property. Less evident is the harm it does by inciting simplistic thinking: " "it lumps together diverse laws—copyright law, patent law, trademark " "law and others—which really have little in common. This leads people " "to suppose those laws are one single issue, the “intellectual property " "issue,” and think about “it”—which means, to think " "at such a broad abstract level that the specific social issues raised by " "these various laws are not even visible. Any opinion “about " "intellectual property” is thus bound to be foolish. (See <a " "href=\"/philosophy/words-to-avoid.html\">our list of words to avoid</a> for " "more explanation of the confusion caused by this term.)" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "In the hands of a propagandist for increased copyright or patent powers, the " "term is a way to prevent clear thinking. In the hands of someone making " "threats, the term is a tool for obfuscation: “We claim we can sue you " "over something, but we won't say what it is.”" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "In an actual lawsuit, such ambiguity would make their case fail, or even " "prevent it from getting off the ground. If, however, SCO's aim is to shake " "the tree and see if any money falls down, or simply to spread fear, they may " "regard vagueness and mystery as advantageous." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "I cannot prognosticate about the SCO vs IBM lawsuit itself: I don't know " "what was in their contract, I don't know what IBM did, and I am not a " "lawyer. The Free Software Foundation's lawyer, Professor Moglen, believes " "that SCO gave permission for the community's use of the code that they " "distributed under the GNU GPL and other free software licenses in their " "version of GNU/Linux." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "However, I can address the broader issue of such situations. In a community " "of over half a million developers, we can hardly expect that there will " "never be plagiarism. But it is no disaster; we discard that material and " "move on. If there is material in Linux that was contributed without legal " "authorization, the Linux developers will learn what it is and replace it. " "SCO cannot use its copyrights, or its contracts with specific parties, to " "suppress the lawful contributions of thousands of others. Linux itself is " "no longer essential: the GNU system became popular in conjunction with " "Linux, but today it also runs with two BSD kernels and the GNU kernel. Our " "community cannot be defeated by this." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><h3> msgid "Footnote" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><ol><li> msgid "" "Since this statement directly contradicts the establishment views of the " "proprietary software developers, some readers suppose that the word " "“not” was inserted by mistake. It is entirely intentional. It " "is not wrong to copy software. It is wrong to stop others from copying " "software. Thus, software should be free." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><div><p> msgid "This article was first published on <cite>ZDNet</cite>." msgstr "" #. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes. #. type: Content of: <div> msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S NOTES*" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><div><p> msgid "" "Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to <a " "href=\"mailto:gnu@gnu.org\"><gnu@gnu.org></a>. There are also <a " "href=\"/contact/\">other ways to contact</a> the FSF. Broken links and " "other corrections or suggestions can be sent to <a " "href=\"mailto:webmasters@gnu.org\"><webmasters@gnu.org></a>." msgstr "" #. TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph, #. replace it with the translation of these two: # #. We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality #. translations. However, we are not exempt from imperfection. #. Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard #. to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org"> # #. <web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p> # #. <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of #. our web pages, see <a #. href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations #. README</a>. #. type: Content of: <div><div><p> msgid "" "Please see the <a " "href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html\">Translations README</a> " "for information on coordinating and contributing translations of this " "article." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "Copyright © 2003, 2021 Richard Stallman" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "This page is licensed under a <a rel=\"license\" " "href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/\">Creative Commons " "Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License</a>." msgstr "" #. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits. #. type: Content of: <div><div> msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S CREDITS*" msgstr "" #. timestamp start #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "Updated:" msgstr ""