# LANGUAGE translation of https://www.gnu.org/proprietary/proprietary-addictions.html
# Copyright (C) YEAR Free Software Foundation, Inc.
# This file is distributed under the same license as the original article.
# FIRST AUTHOR <EMAIL@ADDRESS>, YEAR.
#
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: proprietary-addictions.html\n"
"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-11-21 13:55+0000\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: YEAR-MO-DA HO:MI+ZONE\n"
"Last-Translator: FULL NAME <EMAIL@ADDRESS>\n"
"Language-Team: LANGUAGE <LL@li.org>\n"
"Language: \n"
"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"

#. type: Content of: <title>
msgid "Proprietary Addictions - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <div><a>
msgid "<a id=\"side-menu-button\" class=\"switch\" href=\"#navlinks\">"
msgstr ""

#. type: Attribute 'title' of: <div><a><img>
msgid "Section contents"
msgstr ""

#. type: Attribute 'alt' of: <div><a><img>
msgid "&nbsp;[Section contents]&nbsp;"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <div>
msgid "</a>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <div><p><a>
msgid "<a href=\"/\">"
msgstr ""

#. type: Attribute 'title' of: <div><p><a><img>
msgid "GNU Home"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"</a>&nbsp;/ <a href=\"/proprietary/proprietary.html\">Malware</a>&nbsp;/ By "
"type&nbsp;/"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <div><h2>
msgid "Proprietary Addictions"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid ""
"Nonfree (proprietary) software is very often malware (designed to mistreat "
"the user). Nonfree software is controlled by its developers, which puts them "
"in a position of power over the users; <a "
"href=\"/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html\">that is the "
"basic injustice</a>. The developers and manufacturers often exercise that "
"power to the detriment of the users they ought to serve."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid "This typically takes the form of malicious functionalities."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid ""
"This page deals with malicious functionalities that are added to some "
"programs for the sole purpose of luring users into more and more frequent "
"and intensive use of the program, with the risk of getting addicted."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <div><div><div><p>
msgid ""
"If you know of an example that ought to be in this page but isn't here, "
"please write to <a "
"href=\"mailto:webmasters@gnu.org\">&lt;webmasters@gnu.org&gt;</a> to inform "
"us. Please include the URL of a trustworthy reference or two to serve as "
"specific substantiation."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <div><div><h3>
msgid "How software is made addictive"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <div><div><h4>
msgid "Games"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid ""
"Many games are designed to keep gamers compulsively playing&mdash;and "
"spending money on the game. To achieve this result, developers use <a "
"href=\"https://www.cracked.com/article_18461_5-creepy-ways-video-games-are-trying-to-get-you-addicted.html\"> "
"techniques that derive from behavioral and brain research</a>:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <div><div><dl><dt>
msgid "The Skinner Box"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <div><div><dl><dd>
msgid ""
"An environment in which the user is trained to &ldquo;push the lever&ldquo;, "
"i.e. do a certain action over and over again in order to get a reward. This "
"is also known as &ldquo;grinding.&rdquo;"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <div><div><dl><dt>
msgid "Virtual food pellets"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <div><div><dl><dd>
msgid ""
"Items that have nothing to do with the game itself, but are valuable to "
"gamers because of the work required to obtain them (e.g., EverQuest); some "
"people will end up collecting them for the sake of collecting."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <div><div><dl><dt>
msgid "Random rewards"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <div><div><dl><dd>
msgid ""
"They turn the game into the equivalent of a slot machine (e.g., World of "
"Warcraft, ZT Online)."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <div><div><dl><dt>
msgid "Elaborate cycles"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <div><div><dl><dd>
msgid ""
"Gamers' behavior can be &ldquo;shaped&rdquo; by making cycles (progress from "
"one level to the next) slower and slower, designing complex tasks that are "
"difficult to get out of (e.g. World of Warcraft), or conversely dividing "
"them up in small chunks to avoid frustration (e.g., New Super Mario "
"Bros.Wii)."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <div><div><dl><dt>
msgid "Decay of game assets"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <div><div><dl><dd>
msgid ""
"This makes it necessary for a gamer to keep playing, without vacations, "
"simply to avoid losing what they have earned so far (e.g., Farmville, Ultima "
"Online, Animal Crossing)."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid ""
"Games such as World of Warcraft, which are considered very addictive, use "
"several of these techniques."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid "There are even more elaborate ways to get users addicted to a game."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <div><div><ul><li>
msgid ""
"&ldquo;Loot boxes&rdquo; are a direct application of the random reward "
"mechanism, and their addictiveness is enhanced by seductive animation. They "
"are <a "
"href=\"https://www.pcgamer.com/behind-the-addictive-psychology-and-seductive-art-of-loot-boxes/\"> "
"akin to gambling</a>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <div><div><ul><li>
msgid ""
"<a href=\"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Gacha_game\"><i>Gacha</i></a> systems, "
"widely used by Japanese games since 2010, may be considered the ancestors of "
"loot boxes. A <i>gacha</i> is the virtual equivalent of a capsule-toy "
"vending machine. Its addictiveness is based on random rewards, and also on "
"the basic instinct of people to collect items."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <div><div><ul><li>
msgid ""
"The developers of gratis (&ldquo;free-to-play&rdquo;) games apply the "
"techniques described above to <a "
"href=\"https://www.psychguides.com/interact/the-psychology-of-freemium/\"> "
"turn their products into slot machines</a>. This is clearly described in an "
"infographic. The revenue generated by these games is directly related to the "
"number of strongly addicted gamers (called &ldquo;<a "
"href=\"https://www.gamedeveloper.com/business/chasing-the-whale-examining-the-ethics-of-free-to-play-games\">whales</a>&rdquo;), "
"and to the amount of money they are willing to spend. Thus developers "
"carefully study the behavior of millions of users to increase the "
"addictiveness of their games, and apply <a "
"href=\"https://www.uxreviewer.com/home/2019/3/7/5-incredibly-powerful-monetisation-patterns-using-behavioural-economics-in-ux-design\"> "
"classical marketing techniques</a> such as the decoy effect to squeeze as "
"much money as possible from gamers."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <div><div><ul><li>
msgid ""
"<a href=\"https://keepthescore.com/blog/posts/leaderboards-in-gaming/\"> "
"Leader boards</a> can increase addictiveness, because some people are so "
"eager to see their name at the top of the board that they will spend an "
"unreasonable amount of time playing."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid ""
"<small>(Unfortunately, some of the articles referenced above use "
"&ldquo;free&rdquo; to mean &ldquo;zero price.&rdquo; We recommend saying "
"&ldquo;gratis&rdquo; instead.)</small>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid ""
"However, the addictiveness of a game is only one of the determinants of "
"addiction. Equally important are the psychological make-up and life "
"circumstances of the gamer. Gaming addiction, like other addictions, is a "
"form of mental escape from an unrewarding life. The sad truth is that, in "
"the long run, it leads to an even worse life."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid ""
"<small><em>Note:</em>&nbsp; We are not gamers. If you think we have "
"misunderstood some point, or have suggestions for making this text clearer "
"or more correct, please send them to &lt;<a "
"href=\"mailto:webmasters@gnu.org\">webmasters@gnu.org</a>&gt;.</small>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <div><div><h4>
msgid "Online gambling"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid ""
"Online gambling services (and their nonfree client programs) are <a "
"href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/society/2019/feb/22/gambling-apps-more-dangerous-than-fobts-study-finds\"> "
"designed to be addictive</a>, much like on-line games. They achieve this "
"with various different malfunctionalities, often in combination."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid ""
"Many of these malfunctionalities are implemented by the server and the "
"client program together. In some cases, there is no honest way that the "
"client program could counteract the nastiness&mdash;for instance, when the "
"server manipulates amounts won in order to get the user addicted, the only "
"way the client program could block that is to pretend the win did not "
"happen. But users would not want that modification."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid ""
"However, modification of the client program could cover up some addictive "
"behaviors without losing the user anything."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <div><div><h4>
msgid "Social networks"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid ""
"The major social networks are continuously optimizing their design to <a "
"href=\"https://medium.com/thrive-global/how-technology-hijacks-peoples-minds-from-a-magician-and-google-s-design-ethicist-56d62ef5edf3\"> "
"grab users' attention</a> by taking advantage of the psychological "
"vulnerabilities described above, eventually leading some to addiction.  For "
"these people, a phone becomes the equivalent of a slot machine.  Many of the "
"addictive features (menu, &ldquo;likes,&rdquo; photo tagging, autoplay, "
"etc.) are built into the client software, and can't be removed because the "
"software is proprietary."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid ""
"Thus, some social networking apps <a "
"href=\"https://www.jeffbullas.com/facebook-creates-addiction/\">try to merge "
"into your daily routine</a> by exploiting social pressure and your natural "
"desire for socialization, converting habitual gestures into thorough "
"addiction. As already noted for games, addictiveness is essentially based on "
"random rewards. In the present case, the rewards are messages from friends "
"and followers, &ldquo;likes,&rdquo; news, interesting videos, etc. The "
"software is designed to trigger users' desire for these rewards, and keep "
"this desire alive as long as possible."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <div><div><ul><li>
msgid ""
"By default, notifications are sent every time a new item comes in, instead "
"of, say, once a day. They are associated with sounds or vibrations which "
"make them even more compelling. (Remember Pavlov's experiments with rats.) "
"These triggers are often opt-out, and many users don't try to turn them "
"off. They are most effective when the app is installed on a mobile device "
"which is always on and never leaves the user. As a side effect, they may "
"contribute to the <a "
"href=\"https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/reading-between-the-headlines/201307/smartphone-addiction\"> "
"addictiveness of &ldquo;smart&rdquo; phones</a>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <div><div><ul><li>
msgid ""
"Users are served selected material that is likely to interest them, based on "
"<a "
"href=\"https://theconversation.com/facebook-is-killing-democracy-with-its-personality-profiling-data-93611\"> "
"profiling</a>. (This paves the way to <a "
"href=\"/proprietary/proprietary-manipulation.html\">manipulation</a>, by the "
"way.)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <div><div><ul><li>
msgid ""
"The app interface is designed to make users stay on the site as long as "
"possible, using <a "
"href=\"https://uxplanet.org/ux-infinite-scrolling-vs-pagination-1030d29376f1\"> "
"infinite scrolling</a> for example."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <div><div><ul><li>
msgid ""
"The company that owns the social network tries to cover users' needs as "
"extensively as possible, by <a "
"href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_mergers_and_acquisitions_by_Facebook\"> "
"acquiring other companies</a> if needed. Once users have concentrated most "
"of their online activities and a lot of their personal data on a single "
"platform (or a set of platforms that belong to the same group), they find it "
"<a "
"href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2018/jan/01/antisocial-media-why-decided-cut-back-facebook-instagram\"> "
"almost impossible to leave</a>. And even if they wanted to, they would have "
"a hard time digging out the relevant options, and the app would aggressively "
"nag them to stay."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid ""
"A good way to minimize the risk of addiction, short of avoiding social media "
"altogether, is to turn off notifications and leave as little as possible of "
"your own data on the platform."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <div><div><h4>
msgid "Nonfree smartphone software"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid ""
"Parents are very concerned about the <a "
"href=\"https://www.freerangekids.com/worried-your-child-is-already-a-screen-addict-theres-hope/\"> "
"intentional addictiveness of the software that their children use on "
"snoop-phones</a>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid ""
"The &ldquo;<a "
"href=\"https://www.nysun.com/article/how-manipulative-tech-a-mashup-of-psychology-and-technology-keeps-children-glued-to-screens\">manipulative "
"tech</a>,&rdquo; which underpins addictive features that the article naively "
"attributes to &ldquo;screens,&rdquo; is in fact implemented by software: "
"partly in the operating system and partly in some apps.  These features can "
"be designed to do nasty things because they are <a "
"href=\"https://fsf.org/tedx\">nonfree software</a>: their code is controlled "
"by some &ldquo;owner,&rdquo; in this case a powerful company, rather than by "
"the users.  If they were free programs, the user community could reprogram "
"them so as to be less addictive."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid ""
"By freeing ourselves from these companies' power to require use of software "
"they control for accessing their &ldquo;services,&rdquo; we will also reduce "
"the harm that online dis-services can do."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <div><div><h3>
msgid "Examples of addictive software"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <div><div><ul><li><p>
msgid ""
"<a "
"href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2024/nov/03/addicted-to-love-how-dating-apps-exploit-their-users\">Dating "
"apps exploit their users</a>; fundamental features require an expensive "
"subscription, and they are designed to be addictive."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <div><div><ul><li><p>
msgid ""
"The addictive Genshin Impact relentlessly <a "
"href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/games/2020/oct/22/genshin-impact-video-game-slowly-taking-over-the-world\">coerces "
"players to spend money by overwhelming the game play with loot boxes</a>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <div><div><ul><li><p>
msgid ""
"Roblox (among many other games)  created anti-features which sucker children "
"into <a "
"href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/money/2020/mar/11/my-kids-spent-600-on-their-ipads-without-my-knowledge\"> "
"utilizing third-party payment services without authorization.</a>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <div><div><ul><li><p>
msgid ""
"Resourceful children figured out how to <a "
"href=\"https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-48908766\"> empty their "
"parents' bank account</a> buying packs of special players for an Electronic "
"Arts soccer game."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <div><div><ul><li><p>
msgid ""
"The random element of these packs (also called &ldquo;loot boxes&rdquo;) "
"makes the game <a "
"href=\"/proprietary/proprietary-addictions#addictiveness\"> strongly "
"addictive</a>, but the fact that players are pressured to spend more in "
"order to get ahead of their competitors further qualifies it as "
"<em>predatory</em>.  Note that Belgium <a "
"href=\"https://www.rockpapershotgun.com/fifa-ultimate-team-packs-blocked-in-belgium\"> "
"made these loot boxes illegal</a> in 2018."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <div><div><ul><li><p>
msgid ""
"The only good reason to have a copy of such a proprietary game is to study "
"it for free software development."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <div><div><ul><li><p>
msgid ""
"Clash of Clans is a good example of a gratis mobile game that its developers "
"<a href=\"https://gamerant.com/clash-of-clans-addiction/\"> made very "
"addictive</a> for a large proportion of its users&mdash;and turned into a "
"cash machine for themselves&mdash;by using <a "
"href=\"/proprietary/proprietary-addictions.html#addictiveness\"> "
"psychological manipulation techniques</a>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <div><div><ul><li><p>
msgid ""
"<small>(The article uses &ldquo;free&rdquo; to mean &ldquo;zero "
"price,&rdquo; which is a usage we should avoid. We recommend saying "
"&ldquo;gratis&rdquo; instead.)</small>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <div><div><ul><li><p>
msgid ""
"Clash Royale is an online game with an &ldquo;optimized&rdquo; <a "
"href=\"/proprietary/proprietary-addictions.html#gacha\"> <i>gacha</i></a> "
"system that makes it <a "
"href=\"https://medium.com/@nikmlnkr/what-makes-clash-royale-so-addictive-1e586815b1f0\"> "
"very addictive for players</a>, and very profitable for its developers."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <div><div><ul><li><p>
msgid ""
"In the game Fruit Pop, the player buys boosts with coins to get a high "
"score. The player gets coins at the end of each game, and can buy more coins "
"with real money."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <div><div><ul><li><p>
msgid ""
"Getting a higher score once leads the player to desire higher score again "
"later. But the higher score resulting from the boost <a "
"href=\"https://qz.com/873348/50000-coins-for-1-99-how-mobile-game-in-app-purchases-are-warping-kids-understanding-of-basic-economic-ideas\">does "
"not give the player more coins, and does not help the player get a higher "
"score in subsequent games</a>. To get that, the player will need a boost "
"frequently, and usually has to pay real money for that. Since boosts are "
"exciting and entertaining, the player is subtly pushed to purchase more "
"coins with real money to get boosts, and it can develop into a costly habit."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <div><div><ul><li><p>
msgid ""
"Many popular mobile games include a random-reward system called <a "
"href=\"/proprietary/proprietary-addictions.html#gacha\"> <i>gacha</i></a> "
"which is especially effective on children. One variant of gacha was declared "
"illegal in Japan in 2012, but the other variants are still <a "
"href=\"https://www.forbes.com/sites/olliebarder/2016/04/04/japanese-mobile-gaming-still-cant-shake-off-the-spectre-of-exploitation/\"> "
"luring players into compulsively spending</a> inordinate amounts of money on "
"virtual toys."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <div><div><ul><li><p>
msgid ""
"Game Of War: Fire Age is an iPhone game with <a "
"href=\"https://www.cracked.com/article_18461_5-creepy-ways-video-games-are-trying-to-get-you-addicted.html\"> "
"addictive features</a> which are based on <a "
"href=\"/proprietary/proprietary-addictions.html#addictiveness\">behavioral "
"manipulation techniques</a>, compounded with group emulation. After a fairly "
"easy start, the game slows down and becomes more difficult, so gamers are "
"led to spend more and more money in order to keep up with their group. And "
"if they stop playing for a while, the equipment they invested in gets "
"destroyed by the &ldquo;enemy&rdquo; unless they buy an expensive "
"&ldquo;shield&rdquo; to protect it. This game is also deceptive, as it uses "
"confusing menus and complex stats to obfuscate true monetary costs."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <div><div><ul><li><p>
msgid ""
"Runescape is a popular online game with some <a "
"href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20230329031353/https://www.reddit.com/r/runescape/comments/33cd8g/question_why_is_runescape_so_addicting/\"> "
"addictive features</a> derived from <a "
"href=\"/proprietary/proprietary-addictions.html#addictiveness\"> behavioral "
"manipulation techniques</a>. Certain repetitive aspects of the game, like <a "
"href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grinding_(video_games)\"> grinding</a>, "
"can be minimised by becoming a paying member, and can thus encourage "
"children and impressionable people to spend money on the game."
msgstr ""

#. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes.
#. type: Content of: <div><div>
msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S NOTES*"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid ""
"Please send general FSF &amp; GNU inquiries to <a "
"href=\"mailto:gnu@gnu.org\">&lt;gnu@gnu.org&gt;</a>.  There are also <a "
"href=\"/contact/\">other ways to contact</a> the FSF.  Broken links and "
"other corrections or suggestions can be sent to <a "
"href=\"mailto:webmasters@gnu.org\">&lt;webmasters@gnu.org&gt;</a>."
msgstr ""

#.  TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph,
#.         replace it with the translation of these two:
#
#.         We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality
#.         translations.  However, we are not exempt from imperfection.
#.         Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard
#.         to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org">
#
#.         &lt;web-translators@gnu.org&gt;</a>.</p>
#
#.         <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of
#.         our web pages, see <a
#.         href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
#.         README</a>. 
#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid ""
"Please see the <a "
"href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html\">Translations README</a> "
"for information on coordinating and contributing translations of this "
"article."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Copyright &copy; 2019, 2020, 2021, 2022, 2023, 2024 Free Software "
"Foundation, Inc."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"This page is licensed under a <a rel=\"license\" "
"href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/\">Creative Commons "
"Attribution 4.0 International License</a>."
msgstr ""

#. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits.
#. type: Content of: <div><div>
msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S CREDITS*"
msgstr ""

#.  timestamp start 
#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid "Updated:"
msgstr ""