essays-and-articles.html - en to es translation catalogue (232 entries)

note: type: Content of: <title>
en: Essays and Articles - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation
es: Ensayos y artículos - Proyecto GNU - Free Software Foundation

note: type: Content of: <div><h2>
en: Essays and Articles
es: Ensayos y artículos

note: type: Content of: <div><div><p>
en: This page lists a series of articles describing the philosophy of the free software movement, which is the motivation for our development of the free software operating system GNU.
es: Esta página incluye una serie de artículos que describen la filosofía del movimiento del software libre que nos motiva a desarrollar el sistema operativo de software libre GNU.

note: type: Content of: <div><div><p>
en: The most important articles are marked with asterisks, and listed first in each category. The other ones are in reverse chronological order.
es: Los artículos más importantes están señalados con un asterisco y aparecen en los primeros lugares de cada categoría. Los demás se presentan en orden cronológico inverso.

note: type: Content of: <div><div><h3>
en: Table of Contents
es: Tabla de contenidos

note: type: Content of: <div><div><ul><li>
en: <a href="#aboutfs">About Free Software</a>
es: <a href="#aboutfs">Acerca del software libre</a>

note: type: Content of: <div><div><ul><li><ul><li>
en: <a href="#principles">Principles</a>
es: <a href="#principles">Principios</a>

note: type: Content of: <div><div><ul><li><ul><li>
en: <a href="#practice">Practice</a>
es: <a href="#practice">Práctica</a>

note: type: Content of: <div><div><ul><li><ul><li>
en: <a href="#extension">Extension to other areas</a>
es: <a href="#extension">Extensión a otras áreas</a>

note: type: Content of: <div><div><ul><li><ul><li>
en: <a href="#mix">Mixing free and nonfree</a>
es: <a href="#mix">Mezcla de libre y privativo</a>

note: type: Content of: <div><div><ul><li><ul><li>
en: <a href="#free-open">Free software and open source</a>
es: <a href="#free-open">Software libre y código abierto («<cite>open source</cite>»)</a>

note: type: Content of: <div><div><ul><li>
en: <a href="#upholding">Upholding Software Freedom</a>
es: <a href="#upholding">Defensa de la libertad del software</a>

note: type: Content of: <div><div><ul><li><ul><li>
en: <a href="/gnu/gnu.html">The GNU Project</a>
es: <a href="/gnu/gnu.html">El Proyecto GNU</a>

note: type: Content of: <div><div><ul><li><ul><li>
en: <a href="#fsmovement">The free software movement</a>
es: <a href="#fsmovement">El movimiento del software libre</a>

note: type: Content of: <div><div><ul><li><ul><li>
en: <a href="#need">The need for free software</a>
es: <a href="#need">Necesidad de software libre</a>

note: type: Content of: <div><div><ul><li><ul><li>
en: <a href="#action">Guide for action</a>
es: <a href="#action">Guía de acción</a>

note: type: Content of: <div><div><ul><li>
en: <a href="#LicensingFreeSoftware">Licensing Free Software</a>
es: <a href="#LicensingFreeSoftware">Licencias de software libre</a>

note: type: Content of: <div><div><ul><li><ul><li>
en: <a href="/licenses/licenses.html">General information</a>
es: <a href="/licenses/licenses.html">Información general</a>

note: type: Content of: <div><div><ul><li><ul><li>
en: <a href="#non-copyleft">Non-copyleft</a>
es: <a href="#non-copyleft">Sin copyleft</a>

note: type: Content of: <div><div><ul><li><ul><li>
en: <a href="#traps">Licensing traps</a>
es: <a href="#traps">Trampas de las licencias</a>

note: type: Content of: <div><div><ul><li>
en: <a href="#Laws">Legal Issues</a>
es: <a href="#Laws">Asuntos legales</a>

note: type: Content of: <div><div><ul><li><ul><li>
en: <a href="#patents">Patents</a>
es: <a href="#patents">Patentes</a>

note: type: Content of: <div><div><ul><li><ul><li>
en: <a href="#noip">The propaganda term &ldquo;Intellectual Property&rdquo;</a>
es: <a href="#noip">El término propagandístico «propiedad intelectual»</a>

note: type: Content of: <div><div><ul><li><ul><li>
en: <a href="#sco">Response to SCO's attacks</a>
es: <a href="#sco">Respuesta a los ataques de la SCO</a>

note: type: Content of: <div><div><ul><li>
en: <a href="#cultural">Cultural and Social Issues</a>
es: <a href="#cultural">Cuestiones culturales y sociales</a>

note: type: Content of: <div><div><ul><li><ul><li>
en: <a href="#society">Digital society</a>
es: <a href="#society">Sociedad digital</a>

note: type: Content of: <div><div><ul><li><ul><li>
en: <a href="#drm">Digital restrictions management and treacherous computing</a>
es: <a href="#drm">Gestión Digital de Restricciones y computación traicionera</a>

note: type: Content of: <div><div><ul><li><ul><li>
en: <a href="#ns">Network services</a>
es: <a href="#ns">Servicios en línea</a>

note: type: Content of: <div><div><ul><li><ul><li>
en: <a href="#access">Accessing culture</a>
es: <a href="#access">Acceso a la cultura</a>

note: type: Content of: <div><div><ul><li><ul><li>
en: <a href="#funding">Funding cultural works</a>
es: <a href="#funding">Financiamento de obras culturales</a>

note: type: Content of: <div><div><ul><li><ul><li>
en: <a href="#evils">Surveillance, censorship, lock-in, etc.</a>
es: <a href="#evils">Vigilancia, censura, dependencia, etc.</a>

note: type: Content of: <div><div><ul><li><ul><li>
en: <a href="/proprietary/proprietary.html">Proprietary malware</a>
es: <a href="/proprietary/proprietary.html"><cite>Malware</cite> en el software privativo</a>

note: type: Content of: <div><div><ul><li>
en: <a href="#terminology">Terminology and Definitions</a>
es: <a href="#terminology">Terminología y definiciones</a>

note: type: Content of: <div><div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/third-party-ideas.html#humor">Philosophical Humor</a>
es: <a href="/philosophy/third-party-ideas.html#humor">Humor filosófico</a>

note: type: Content of: <div><h3>
en: About Free Software
es: Acerca del software libre

note: type: Content of: <div><p>
en: Free software is a matter of freedom: people should be free to use software in all the ways that are socially useful.  Software differs from material objects&mdash;such as chairs, sandwiches, and gasoline&mdash;in that it can be copied and changed much more easily.  These possibilities make software as useful as it is; we believe software users should be able to make use of them.
es: El software libre es una cuestión de libertad: las personas deben ser libres para usar el software de todas las maneras que sean socialmente útiles. El software difiere de los objetos materiales (como las sillas, los bocadillos o la gasolina) en el hecho de que puede copiarse y modificarse mucho más fácilmente. Estas posibilidades hacen que el software sea tan útil, y creemos que los usuarios de software deben poder hacer uso de tales posibilidades.

note: type: Content of: <div><h4>
en: Principles
es: Principios

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> *[1996&hellip;&nbsp;]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/free-sw.html"> What is Free Software?</a>
es: <a href="/philosophy/free-sw.html">¿Qué es el software libre?</a>

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> *[2015]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html"> Free Software Is Even More Important Now</a> (by RMS)
es: <a href="/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html">El software libre es ahora aún más importante</a> (por RMS)

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> *[1996]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/selling.html"> Selling Free Software</a> &mdash; This is OK!
es: <a href="/philosophy/selling.html">Vender software libre</a>&nbsp;&mdash; ¡Está bien!

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> [2012]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/programs-must-not-limit-freedom-to-run.html"> Why programs must not limit the freedom to run them</a> (by RMS)  &mdash; Freedom 0 must not be limited.
es: <a href="/philosophy/programs-must-not-limit-freedom-to-run.html"> Por qué no se debe limitar la libertad de ejecutar un programa</a> (por RMS)&nbsp;&mdash; No se debe limitar la Libertad 0.

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> [2007]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/your-freedom-needs-free-software.html"> Your Freedom Needs Free Software</a> (by RMS)
es: <a href="/philosophy/your-freedom-needs-free-software.html">Your Freedom Needs Free Software</a> (Su libertad necesita software libre) (por RMS) [en inglés]

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> [1994]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/why-free.html"> Why Software Should Not Have Owners</a> (by RMS)
es: <a href="/philosophy/why-free.html">Por qué el software no debe tener propietarios</a> (por RMS)

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> [1991]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/shouldbefree.html"> Why Software Should Be Free</a> (by RMS)  &mdash; An older and longer essay about the same topic as the previous one.
es: <a href="/philosophy/shouldbefree.html">Por qué el software debe ser libre</a> (por RMS)&nbsp;&mdash; Este es un ensayo más antiguo y más extenso sobre el mismo tema que el anterior.

note: type: Content of: <div><h4>
en: Practice
es: Práctica

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> *[2023]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/tivoization.html"> Tivoization</a> &mdash; When free software isn't free in practice
es: <a href="/philosophy/tivoization.html"> Tivoización</a>: cuando el software libre no lo es en la práctica

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> *[1999-2011]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/when-free-software-isnt-practically-superior.html"> When Free Software Isn't (Practically) Superior</a> (by Benjamin Mako Hill)
es: <a href="/philosophy/when-free-software-isnt-practically-superior.html"> When Free Software Isn't (Practically) Superior</a> (Cuando el software libre no es &mdash;en la práctica&mdash; superior) (por Benjamin Mako Hill) [en inglés]

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> [2015]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/applying-free-sw-criteria.html"> Applying the Free Software Criteria</a> (by RMS)
es: <a href="/philosophy/applying-free-sw-criteria.html"> Aplicación de los criterios del Software Libre</a> (por RMS)

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> [2014]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/imperfection-isnt-oppression.html"> Imperfection is not the same as oppression</a> (by RMS)
es: <a href="/philosophy/imperfection-isnt-oppression.html"> Imperfección no es lo mismo que opresión</a> (por RMS)

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> [2011]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/android-and-users-freedom.html"> Android and Users' Freedom</a> (by RMS)
es: <a href="/philosophy/android-and-users-freedom.html"> Android y la libertad de los usuarios</a> (por RMS)

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> [1997-2011]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/software/reliability.html"> Free Software is More Reliable!</a>
es: <a href="/software/reliability.html">¡El software libre es más fiable!</a>

note: type: Content of: <div><h4>
en: Extension to other areas
es: Extensión a otras áreas

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> *[1996]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/free-doc.html"> Why Free Software Needs Free Documentation</a>
es: <a href="/philosophy/free-doc.html">Por qué el software libre necesita documentación libre</a>

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> [2020]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/free-software-rocket.html"> Should Rockets Have Only Free Software? Free Software and Appliances</a> (by RMS)
es: <a href="/philosophy/free-software-rocket.html"> Should Rockets Have Only Free Software? Free Software and Appliances</a> (por RMS) [en inglés]

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> [2015]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/free-hardware-designs.html"> Free Hardware and Free Hardware Designs</a> (by RMS)
es: <a href="/philosophy/free-hardware-designs.html">Hardware libre y diseños libres para hardware</a> (por RMS)

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> [2015]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/loyal-computers.html"> What Does It Mean for Your Computer to Be Loyal?</a> (by RMS)
es: <a href="/philosophy/loyal-computers.html"> What Does It Mean for Your Computer to Be Loyal?</a> (Qué significa que su ordenador sea leal) (por RMS) [en inglés]

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> [2012]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/network-services-arent-free-or-nonfree.html"> Network Services Aren't Free or Nonfree; They Raise Other Issues</a> (by RMS)
es: <a href="/philosophy/network-services-arent-free-or-nonfree.html">Los servicios en línea no son ni libres ni privativos. Plantean otros problemas</a> (por RMS)

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> [2000]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/gnutella.html" id="Gnutella"> Regarding Gnutella</a>
es: <a href="/philosophy/gnutella.html" id="Gnutella">Acerca de Gnutella</a>

note: type: Content of: <div><h4>
en: Mixing free and nonfree
es: Mezcla de libre y privativo

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> [2016]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/when-free-depends-on-nonfree.html"> When Free Software Depends on Nonfree</a> (by RMS)
es: <a href="/philosophy/when-free-depends-on-nonfree.html">When Free Software Depends on Nonfree</a> (Cuando el software libre depende de software que no es libre) (por RMS) [en inglés]

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> [2013]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/is-ever-good-use-nonfree-program.html"> Is It Ever a Good Thing to Use a Nonfree Program?</a> (by RMS)
es: <a href="/philosophy/is-ever-good-use-nonfree-program.html">¿Está bien en algunos casos utilizar un programa que no sea libre?</a> (por RMS)

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> [2005]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/mcvoy.html"> Thank You, Larry McVoy</a> (by RMS)
es: <a href="/philosophy/mcvoy.html">Gracias, Larry McVoy</a> (por RMS)

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> [1998]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/udi.html"> The Free Software Movement and UDI</a> (by RMS)
es: <a href="/philosophy/udi.html">El movimiento del software libre y el proyecto UDI</a> (por RMS)

note: type: Content of: <div><h4>
en: Free software and open source
es: Software libre y código abierto («<cite>open source</cite>»)

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> *[2007-2021]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html"> Why &ldquo;Open Source&rdquo; Misses the Point of Free Software</a> (by RMS)
es: <a href="/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html">Por qué el «código abierto» pierde de vista lo esencial del software libre</a> (por RMS)

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> [2015]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/free-open-overlap.html"> How Free Software and Open Source Relate as Categories of Programs</a>
es: <a href="/philosophy/free-open-overlap.html">How Free Software and Open Source Relate as Categories of Programs</a> (Cuál es la relación entre el software libre y el código abierto como categorías de programas) [en inglés]

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> [2013]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/floss-and-foss.html"> FLOSS and FOSS</a> (by RMS)
es: <a href="/philosophy/floss-and-foss.html"> FLOSS y FOSS</a> (por RMS)

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> [2002]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/linux-gnu-freedom.html"> Linux, GNU, and Freedom</a> (by RMS)
es: <a href="/philosophy/linux-gnu-freedom.html">Linux, GNU, y la libertad</a> (por RMS)

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> [2001]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/drdobbs-letter.html"> Letter from RMS to the Editor of Dr. Dobb's Journal</a> on the distinction between open source and the free software movement.
es: <a href="/philosophy/drdobbs-letter.html">Carta de RMS al editor de la revista  <cite>Dr. Dobb's Journal</cite></a> en la que explica la diferencia entre el código abierto y el movimiento del software libre. [En inglés]

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> [1998]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/free-software-for-freedom.html"> &ldquo;Open Source Software&rdquo; or &ldquo;Free Software&rdquo;?</a> (replaced by <a href="/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html"> Why &ldquo;Open Source&rdquo; Misses the Point of Free Software</a>)
es: <a href="/philosophy/free-software-for-freedom.html">Por qué «software libre» es mejor que «código abierto»</a> (Reemplazado por <a href="/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html"> Por qué el «código abierto» pierde de vista lo esencial del software libre</a>).

note: type: Content of: <div><h3>
en: Upholding Software Freedom
es: Defensa de la libertad del software

note: type: Content of: <div><h4>
en: The GNU Project
es: El Proyecto GNU

note: type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/gnu/gnu.html">The GNU Operating System</a> &mdash; History, relationship with Linux, etc.
es: <a href="/gnu/gnu.html">El sistema operativo GNU</a> &mdash; Historia, relación con Linux, etc.

note: type: Content of: <div><h4>
en: The free software movement
es: El movimiento del software libre

note: type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="https://www.fsf.org/"> The official website of the Free Software Foundation</a>
es: <a href="https://www.fsf.org/">Sitio Web oficial de la Free Software Foundation</a>

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> [2004]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/use-free-software.html"> The Free Software Community After 20 Years</a> (by RMS)  &mdash; With great but incomplete success, what now?
es: <a href="/philosophy/use-free-software.html">La comunidad del software libre 20 años después</a> (por RMS)&nbsp;&mdash; Un gran éxito, pero incompleto. ¿Ahora qué?

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> [1999]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/15-years-of-free-software.html"> 15 Years of Free Software</a> (by RMS)
es: <a href="/philosophy/15-years-of-free-software.html">15 años de software libre</a> (por RMS)

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> [1999]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/free-software-intro.html"> Free Software Movement</a>
es: <a href="/philosophy/free-software-intro.html">Movimiento del software libre</a>

note: type: Content of: <div><h4>
en: The need for free software
es: Necesidad de software libre

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> *[2011-2017]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/government-free-software.html"> Measures Governments Can Use to Promote Free Software</a> (by RMS)
es: <a href="/philosophy/government-free-software.html">Medidas que los gobiernos pueden adoptar para promover el software libre</a> (por RMS)

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> *[2009-2014]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/education/edu-schools.html"> Why Schools Should Use Exclusively Free Software</a> (by RMS)
es: <a href="/education/edu-schools.html">Por qué las escuelas deben usar exclusivamente software libre</a> (por RMS)

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> [2014]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/technological-neutrality.html"> Technological Neutrality and Free Software</a> (by RMS)
es: <a href="/philosophy/technological-neutrality.html">La neutralidad tecnológica y el software libre</a> (por RMS)

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> [2013]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/uruguay.html"> Lesson from Uruguay</a> &mdash; The FSF learned something from a bill presented in Uruguay.
es: <a href="/philosophy/uruguay.html">Lección desde Uruguay</a>&nbsp;&mdash; La FSF aprendió algo de un proyecto de ley presentado en Uruguay.

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> [2005]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/second-sight.html"> Free Software and (e-)Government</a> (by RMS)
es: <a href="/philosophy/second-sight.html">El software libre y el gobierno electrónico</a> (por RMS)

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> [2005]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/fs-and-sustainable-development.html"> Free Software and Sustainable Development</a> (by RMS)  &mdash; A short article regarding the use of proprietary software in cultural development.
es: <a href="/philosophy/fs-and-sustainable-development.html">Free Software and Sustainable Development</a> (Software libre y desarrollo sostenible) (por RMS)&nbsp;&mdash; Un breve artículo sobre el uso de software privativo en el desarrollo cultural. [En inglés]

note: type: Content of: <div><h4>
en: Guide for action
es: Guía de acción

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> *[2024]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/the-moral-and-the-legal.html"> The Moral and the Legal</a> (by RMS)
es: <a href="/philosophy/the-moral-and-the-legal.html">Lo moral y lo legal</a> (por RMS)

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> *[2020]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/saying-no-even-once.html"> Saying No to unjust computing even once is help</a> (by RMS)
es: <a href="/philosophy/saying-no-even-once.html">Decir no a la informática injusta aunque sea una sola vez es siempre de ayuda</a>  (por RMS)

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> *[2009]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/fs-motives.html"> Motives For Writing Free Software</a>
es: <a href="/philosophy/fs-motives.html">Motivos para escribir software libre</a>

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> [2002-2020]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/no-word-attachments.html" id="NoWordAttachments"> We Can Put an End to Word Attachments</a> (by RMS)
es: <a href="/philosophy/no-word-attachments.html" id="NoWordAttachments">Entre todos podemos poner fin a los adjuntos en formato Word</a> (por RMS)

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> [2019]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/install-fest-devil.html"> Install Fests: What to Do about the Deal with the Devil</a> (by RMS)
es: <a href="/philosophy/install-fest-devil.html">Fiestas de instalación y pacto con el diablo: ¿qué hacer?</a> (por RMS)

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> [2019]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/upgrade-windows.html"> What Is the Right Way to Upgrade an Installation of Windows?</a> (by RMS)
es: <a href="/philosophy/upgrade-windows.html"> What Is the Right Way to Upgrade an Installation of Windows?</a> (¿Cuál es la forma correcta de actualizar una instalación de Windows?) (por RMS) [en inglés]

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> [2018]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/kind-communication.html"> GNU Kind Communications Guidelines</a> (by RMS)
es: <a href="/philosophy/kind-communication.html">Recomendaciones de GNU para una comunicación cordial</a> (por RMS)

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> [2017]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/hackathons.html"> Why Hackathons Should Insist on Free Software</a> (by RMS)
es: <a href="/philosophy/hackathons.html"> Why Hackathons Should Insist on Free Software</a> (Por qué los hackatones deben exigir software libre) (por RMS) [en inglés]

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> [2014]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/contradictory-support.html"> Beware of Contradictory &ldquo;Support&rdquo;</a> (by RMS)
es: <a href="/philosophy/contradictory-support.html"> Beware of Contradictory &ldquo;Support&rdquo;</a> (Cuidado con el «apoyo» contradictorio) (por RMS) [en inglés]

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> [2012]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/devils-advocate.html"> Why the Devil's Advocate Doesn't Help Reach the Truth</a> (by RMS)
es: <a href="/philosophy/devils-advocate.html"> Why the Devil's Advocate Doesn't Help Reach the Truth</a> (Por qué el abogado del diablo no ayuda a descubrir la verdad) (por RMS) [en inglés]

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> [2010]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/practical.html"> The Advantages of Free Software</a> (by RMS)
es: <a href="/philosophy/practical.html">Las ventajas del software libre</a> (por RMS)

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> [2009]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/pirate-party.html"> How the Swedish Pirate Party Platform Backfires on Free Software</a> (by RMS)
es: <a href="/philosophy/pirate-party.html">Las propuestas del Partido Pirata sueco y el software libre: el tiro por la culata</a>  (por RMS)

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> [2009]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/lest-codeplex-perplex.html"> Lest CodePlex perplex</a> (by RMS)
es: <a href="/philosophy/lest-codeplex-perplex.html">Para que CodePlex no nos sorprenda</a> (por RMS)

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> [2008]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/ucita.html"> Why We Must Fight UCITA</a>
es: <a href="/philosophy/ucita.html">Por qué debemos combatir UCITA</a>

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> [2008]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/compromise.html"> Avoiding Ruinous Compromises</a> (by RMS)
es: <a href="/philosophy/compromise.html">Evitar acuerdos ruinosos</a>  (por RMS)

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> [2007]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/social-inertia.html"> Overcoming Social Inertia</a> (by RMS)
es: <a href="/philosophy/social-inertia.html">Superar la inercia social</a> (por RMS)

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> [2004]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/my_doom.html"> MyDoom and You</a> (by RMS)
es: <a href="/philosophy/my_doom.html">MyDoom y usted</a> (por RMS)

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> [2003]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/kevin-cole-response.html"> A Response Letter to the Word Attachments</a> (by Kevin Cole)
es: <a href="/philosophy/kevin-cole-response.html">A Response Letter to the Word Attachments</a> (Respuesta a quienes envían adjuntos en formato Word) (por Kevin Cole) [en inglés]

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> [2003]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/anonymous-response.html"> A Response to Word Attachments</a>
es: <a href="/philosophy/anonymous-response.html">Una respuesta a quienes envían adjuntos de Word</a>

note: type: Content of: <div><h3>
en: Licensing Free Software
es: Licencias y software libre

note: type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/licenses/licenses.html"> Licenses</a> &mdash; General information on licensing and copyleft
es: <a href="/licenses/licenses.html">Licencias</a>&nbsp;&mdash; Información general sobre licencias y copyleft

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> *[2003]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/why-copyleft.html"> Why Copyleft?</a>
es: <a href="/philosophy/why-copyleft.html">¿Por qué Copyleft?</a>

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> *[1998]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/pragmatic.html"> Copyleft: Pragmatic Idealism</a> (by RMS)
es: <a href="/philosophy/pragmatic.html">Copyleft: idealismo pragmático</a>  (por RMS)

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> [2009-2017]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/selling-exceptions.html"> On Selling Exceptions to the GNU GPL</a> (by RMS)
es: <a href="/philosophy/selling-exceptions.html">Sobre la venta de excepciones a la GPL de GNU</a> (por RMS)

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> [2014]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/assigning-copyright.html"> When a Company Asks For Your Copyright</a>
es: <a href="/philosophy/assigning-copyright.html">Cuando una empresa pide que se le asigne el copyright</a>

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> [2005]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="https://www.fsf.org/blogs/licensing/20050211.html"> Censorship envy and licensing</a> (by David &ldquo;Novalis&rdquo; Turner, on <i>fsf.org</i>)
es: <a href="http://www.fsf.org/blogs/licensing/20050211.html"> Censorship envy and licensing</a> (Envidia de la censura y licencias) (por David «Novalis» Turner, en <i>fsf.org</i>) [en inglés]

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> [2004]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210228133128/https://www.oii.ox.ac.uk/archive/downloads/research/gpl/OIIFB_GPL2_20040903.pdf"> English translation of the famous decision of the District Court of Munich</a> regarding the enforceability and validity of the GPL (by the translators of the Oxford Internet Institute, on <i>oii.ox.ac.uk</i>)
es: <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210228133128/https://www.oii.ox.ac.uk/archive/downloads/research/gpl/OIIFB_GPL2_20040903.pdf">Traducción al inglés de la célebre decisión del Tribunal del Distrito de Munich</a> sobre la aplicabilidad y validez de la GPL (por los traductores del <cite>Oxford Internet Institute</cite>, en <i>oii.ox.ac.uk</i>).

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> [2002]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/university.html"> Releasing Free Software if You Work at a University</a> (by RMS)
es: <a href="/philosophy/university.html">Publicar Software Libre cuando se trabaja en la universidad</a> (por RMS)

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> [2001]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/gpl-american-way.html" id="GPLAmericanWay"> The GNU GPL and the American Way</a> (by RMS)
es: <a href="/philosophy/gpl-american-way.html" id="GPLAmericanWay">La GPL de GNU y el «estilo americano»</a> (por RMS)

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> [2001]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/gpl-american-dream.html" id="GPLAmericanDream"> The GNU GPL and the American Dream</a> (by Bradley&nbsp;M.&nbsp;Kuhn)
es: <a href="/philosophy/gpl-american-dream.html" id="GPLAmericanDream">La GPL de GNU y el «sueño americano»</a> (por Bradley&nbsp;M.&nbsp;Kuhn)

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> [2001]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/freedom-or-power.html" id="FreedomOrPower"> Freedom or Power?</a> (by Bradley&nbsp;M.&nbsp;Kuhn and RMS)
es: <a href="/philosophy/freedom-or-power.html" id="FreedomOrPower">¿Libertad o poder?</a> (por Bradley&nbsp;M.&nbsp;Kuhn and RMS)

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> [2001]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/rtlinux-patent.html"> GPL-compliant version of RTLinux Open Patent License in Works</a>
es: <a href="/philosophy/rtlinux-patent.html">GPL-compliant version of RTLinux Open Patent License in Works</a> (Versión de la <cite>RTLinux Open Patent License</cite> compatible con la GPL de GNU) [en inglés]

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> [2001]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/enforcing-gpl.html" id="EnforcingGPL"> Enforcing the GNU GPL</a> (by Eben Moglen)
es: <a href="/philosophy/enforcing-gpl.html" id="EnforcingGPL">Hacer cumplir la GPL de GNU</a> (por Eben Moglen)

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> [1999]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/using-gfdl.html" id="UsingGFDL"> Using the GNU FDL</a> (by RMS)
es: <a href="/philosophy/using-gfdl.html" id="UsingGFDL">Usar la Licencia de Documentación Libre de GNU</a> (por RMS)

note: type: Content of: <div><h4>
en: Non-copyleft
es: Sin copyleft

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> [2003]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/apsl.html"> FSF's Opinion of the Apple Public Source License (APSL) 2.0</a>
es: <a href="/philosophy/apsl.html">Opinión de la FSF sobre la <cite>Apple Public Source License</cite> (APSL) 2.0</a>

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> [2000]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/plan-nine.html" id="PlanNineLicense"> The Problems of the (Earlier) Plan 9 License</a> (by RMS)
es: <a href="/philosophy/plan-nine.html" id="PlanNineLicense">Los problemas de la (anterior) licencia de Plan 9</a> (por RMS)

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> [1998]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/netscape-npl.html"> On the Netscape Public License</a> (by RMS)  [<a href="/philosophy/netscape-npl-old.html">older version</a>]
es: <a href="/philosophy/netscape-npl.html">Acerca de la Licencia Pública Netscape</a> (by RMS) [<a href="/philosophy/netscape-npl-old.html">versión antigua</a>]

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> [1998]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/netscape.html"> Netscape and Free Software</a> &mdash; An old article that clarifies some misunderstandings about an announcement by Netscape.
es: <a href="/philosophy/netscape.html"> Netscape and Free Software</a> (Netscape y el software libre)&nbsp;&mdash; Un viejo artículo que aclara algunos malentendidos acerca de un anuncio de Netscape. [En inglés]

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> [1997]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/motif.html" id="MotifLicense"> The Motif License</a> (by RMS)
es: <a href="/philosophy/motif.html" id="MotifLicense">La licencia de Motif</a> (por RMS)

note: type: Content of: <div><h4>
en: Licensing traps
es: Trampas de las licencias

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> *[2009-2019]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/javascript-trap.html"> JavaScript Trap</a> (by RMS)  &mdash; You may be running nonfree programs on your computer every day without realizing it&mdash;through your web browser.
es: <a href="/philosophy/javascript-trap.html">La trampa de JavaScript</a> (por RMS)&nbsp;&mdash; Sin darse cuenta, usted puede estar utilizando a diario en el navegador programas que no son libres.

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> [2004-2015]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/java-trap.html" id="JavaTrap"> Free But Shackled - The Java Trap</a> (by RMS)  &mdash; Although Sun has <a href="https://www.fsf.org/news/fsf-welcomes-gpl-java.html"> relicensed</a> most of its Java platform reference implementation under the GNU General Public License, the issue described in this article still remains important.
es: <a href="/philosophy/java-trap.html" id="JavaTrap">Libre pero encadenado. La trampa de Java</a> (por RMS)&nbsp;&mdash; Si bien Sun <a href="https://www.fsf.org/news/fsf-welcomes-gpl-java.html"> ha relicenciado</a> bajo la Licencia Pública General de GNU la mayor parte de la implementación de referencia de su plataforma Java, el problema que se describe en este artículo sigue siendo importante.

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> [1998-2009]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/x.html"> The X Window System Trap</a> (by RMS)
es: <a href="/philosophy/x.html">La trampa del sistema de ventanas X</a> (por RMS)

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> [2006]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/sun-in-night-time.html"> The Curious Incident of Sun in the Night-Time</a> (by RMS)
es: <a href="/philosophy/sun-in-night-time.html">El curioso incidente de Sun a medianoche</a> (por RMS)

note: type: Content of: <div><h3>
en: Legal Issues
es: Asuntos legales

note: type: Content of: <div><h4>
en: Patents
es: Patentes

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> *[2012]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/limit-patent-effect.html"> Giving the Software Field Protection from Patents</a> (by RMS)
es: <a href="/philosophy/limit-patent-effect.html">Cómo proteger el software frente a las patentes</a> (por RMS)

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> [2011]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/europes-unitary-patent.html"> Europe's &ldquo;unitary patent&rdquo; could mean unlimited software patents</a> (by RMS)
es: <a href="/philosophy/europes-unitary-patent.html"> Europe's &ldquo;unitary patent&rdquo; could mean unlimited software patents</a> (La «patente unitaria» europea podría significar el patentado ilimitado de software) (por RMS) [en inglés]

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> [2000-2007]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="https://www.eff.org/search/site/dvd%20cases/"> EFF &ldquo;Intellectual Property&rdquo;: MPAA (Motion Picture Association of America) DVD Cases Archive</a>
es: <a href="https://www.eff.org/search/site/dvd%20cases/">Dosier de la <cite>Electronic Frontier Foundation</cite> (EFF) acerca de la «propiedad intelectual»: Archivo de las acciones de la <cite>Motion Picture Association of America</cite> (MPAA) relativas a los DVD</a> [en inglés]

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> [2006]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/trivial-patent.html"> The Anatomy of a Trivial Patent</a> (by RMS)
es: <a href="/philosophy/trivial-patent.html">Anatomía de una patente trivial</a> (por RMS)

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> [2005]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/microsoft-new-monopoly.html"> Microsoft's New Monopoly</a> (by RMS)
es: <a href="/philosophy/microsoft-new-monopoly.html">El nuevo monopolio de Microsoft</a> (por RMS)

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> [2005]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2005/aug/02/comment.business"> Soft sell</a> (by RMS, on <i>theguardian.com</i>)  &mdash; Comments on the defeat of the EU software patenting directive.
es: <a href="http://www.theguardian.com/technology/2005/aug/02/comment.business"><cite>Soft sell</cite></a> (por RMS, en <i>theguardian.com</i>)&nbsp;&mdash; Comentarios de Richard Stallman acerca de la derrota de la directiva de la UE sobre las patentes de software. Publicado en <cite>The Guardian</cite> en 2005. [En inglés]

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> [2005]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/bill-gates-and-other-communists.html"> Bill Gates and Other Communists</a> (by RMS)
es: <a href="/philosophy/bill-gates-and-other-communists.html">Bill Gates and Other Communists</a> (Bill Gates y otros comunistas) (por RMS) [en inglés]

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> [2005]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/software-literary-patents.html" id="SoftwareLiteraryPatents"> Software Patents and Literary Patents</a> (by RMS)  &mdash; Speaking of patenting artistic techniques, US patent (6,935,954)  covers making game characters start to hallucinate when (according to the game) they are being driven insane. That is getting pretty close to the hypothetical examples cited in this article.
es: <a href="/philosophy/software-literary-patents.html" id="SoftwareLiteraryPatents">Patentes de software y patentes literarias</a> (por RMS)&nbsp;&mdash; Con relación a la aplicación de patentes a las técnicas artísticas, la patente 6.935.954 de los Estados Unidos cubre la idea de hacer que los personajes de los juegos comiencen a alucinar cuando (de acuerdo al juego) se vuelven locos. Esto se parece mucho a los ejemplos hipotéticos que se presentan en el artículo.

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> [2004]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/fighting-software-patents.html" id="FightingSoftwarePatents"> Fighting Software Patents&mdash;Singly and Together</a> (by RMS)
es: <a href="/philosophy/fighting-software-patents.html" id="FightingSoftwarePatents">Cómo combatir las patentes de software &mdash;  Individual y colectivamente</a> (por RMS)

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> [2005]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2005/jun/23/onlinesupplement.insideit"> Patent absurdity</a> (by RMS, on <i>theguardian.com</i>)
es: <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2005/jun/23/onlinesupplement.insideit"><cite>Patent absurdity</cite></a> (La absurdidad de las patentes) (por RMS, en <cite>The Guardian</cite>) [en inglés]

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> [2003]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/w3c-patent.html"> FSF's Position on W3 Consortium &ldquo;Royalty-Free&rdquo; Patent Policy</a> (rewritten)
es: <a href="/philosophy/w3c-patent.html">Opinión de la FSF sobre la política de patentes «sin regalías» del W3C</a> (reescrito)

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> [2003]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/guardian-article.html"> Opposing The European Software Patent Directive</a> (by RMS and Nick&nbsp;Hill)
es: <a href="/philosophy/guardian-article.html">No a la directiva europea sobre patentes de software</a> (por RMS y Nick&nbsp;Hill)

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> [2001]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="https://www.eff.org/press/releases/princeton-scientists-sue-over-squelched-research"> Princeton Scientists Sue Over Squelched Research</a> (press release on <i>eff.org</i>)  &mdash; In <cite>Felten v. RIAA</cite>, scientists ask a court to rule that the Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA) does not prohibit them from publishing their research.
es: <a href="https://www.eff.org/press/releases/princeton-scientists-sue-over-squelched-research">Princeton Scientists Sue Over Squelched Research</a> (Científicos de Princeton pleitean por una investigación truncada) (nota de prensa en <i>eff.org</i>)&nbsp;&mdash; En el caso <i>Felten contra RIAA</i>, científicos reclaman a un tribunal que se resuelva que la Ley de Copyright del Milenio Digital (<abbr title="Digital Millennium Copyright Act">DMCA</abbr>) no pueda prohibirles publicar sus investigaciones. [En inglés]

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> [2001]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/hague.html"> Harm from the Hague</a> (by RMS)
es: <a href="/philosophy/hague.html">Daños desde La Haya</a> (por RMS)

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> [2000]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20000815064858/http://www.researchoninnovation.org/patent.pdf" id="SequentialIPandI"> Sequential Innovation, Patents, and Imitation</a> (by James Bessen and Eric Maskin, on <i>researchoninnovation.org</i>, archived)  &mdash; This paper presents a mathematical model showing how patents can impede progress in fields like software.
es: <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20000815064858/http://www.researchoninnovation.org/patent.pdf" id="SequentialIPandI">Sequential Innovation, Patents, and Imitation</a> (Innovación Secuencial, Patentes e Imitación (por James Bessen y Eric Maskin, en <i>researchoninnovation.org</i>, archivado)&nbsp;&mdash; Este trabajo presenta un modelo matemático que muestra que las patentes pueden impedir el progreso en campos como el del software. [En inglés]

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> [1999]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/amazon-rms-tim.html"> Letter from RMS to Tim O'Reilly</a> in regard to a statement by Jeff Bezos, CEO of Amazon, on the duration of software patents.
es: <a href="/philosophy/amazon-rms-tim.html">Carta de RMS a Tim O'Reilly</a> con respecto a una declaración de Jeff Bezos, CEO de Amazon, acerca de la duración de las patentes de software. [En inglés]

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> [1999]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/amazon-nat.html"> Amazon Boycott Success!</a> (a letter from Nat Friedman to RMS)
es: <a href="/philosophy/amazon-nat.html">¡Éxito del boicot a Amazon!</a> &nbsp;&mdash; Una carta de Nat Friedman a Richard Stallman. [En inglés]

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> [1999]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/amazon.html"> (Formerly) Boycott Amazon!</a>
es: <a href="/philosophy/amazon.html">(Anteriormente) ¡Boicotee a Amazon!</a>

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> [1999]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/amazonpatent.html"> Method and system for placing a purchase order via a communications network</a> &mdash; Amazon patent with notes by RMS
es: <a href="/philosophy/amazonpatent.html">Method and system for placing a purchase order via a communications network</a> (Método y sistema para presentar una orden de compra a través de una red de comunicaciones)&nbsp;&mdash; Patente de Amazon con notas de RMS. [En inglés]

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> [1997]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/gif.html"> Why There Are No GIF Files on GNU Web Pages</a> &mdash; While this story is a historical illustration of the danger of software patents, these particular patents are now no longer a concern.  For details of our website policies regarding GIFs, see our <a href="/server/standards/gnu-website-guidelines.html#UseofGraphics">web guidelines</a>.
es: <a href="/philosophy/gif.html">Por qué no hay archivos GIF en las páginas web de GNU</a>&nbsp;&mdash; Si bien esta historia es un ejemplo histórico del peligro de las patentes de software, estas patentes en particular ya no son un problema. Para más detalles sobre las normas para las GIF de nuestro sitio web, consulte nuestras <a href="/server/standards/gnu-website-guidelines.html#UseofGraphics">directrices para el sitio</a>.

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> [1996]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/savingeurope.html"> Saving Europe from Software Patents</a>
es: <a href="/philosophy/savingeurope.html">Salvemos a Europa de las patentes de software</a>

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> [1996]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/protecting.html"> Help Protect the Rights to Write Both Nonfree and Free Software</a>
es: <a href="/philosophy/protecting.html">Ayude a proteger el derecho a escribir software, sea libre o no</a>

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> [1996]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/patent-reform-is-not-enough.html"> Patent Reform Is Not Enough</a>
es: <a href="/philosophy/patent-reform-is-not-enough.html">La reforma de las patentes no es suficiente</a>

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> *[2002]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/misinterpreting-copyright.html"> Misinterpreting Copyright&mdash;A Series of Errors</a> (by RMS)  &mdash; About the flaws in popular defenses of copyright law.
es: <a href="/philosophy/misinterpreting-copyright.html">Interpretación incorrecta del copyright</a> (por RMS)&nbsp;&mdash; Sobre los defectos de los argumentos más utilizados para defender la ley de copyright.

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> *[1996]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/reevaluating-copyright.html"> Reevaluating Copyright: The Public Must Prevail</a> (by RMS)
es: <a href="/philosophy/reevaluating-copyright.html">Reevaluación del copyright: lo público debe prevalecer</a> (por RMS)

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> [2010]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/public-domain-manifesto.html"> Why I Will Not Sign the Public Domain Manifesto</a> (by RMS)
es: <a href="/philosophy/public-domain-manifesto.html">Por qué no firmaré el Manifiesto de Dominio Público</a> (por RMS)

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> [2008]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/freedom-or-copyright.html"> Freedom&mdash;or Copyright?</a> (by RMS)  [<a href="/philosophy/freedom-or-copyright-old.html">older version</a>]
es: <a href="/philosophy/freedom-or-copyright.html">¿Libertad o copyright?</a> (por RMS) (<a href="/philosophy/freedom-or-copyright-old.html">Versión más antigua</a>)

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> [2002]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/eldred-amicus.html"> FSF's Brief Amicus Curiae in the <cite>Eldred v. Ashcroft</cite> Supreme Court case</a> (by Eben Moglen)
es: <a href="/philosophy/eldred-amicus.html">Breve intervención de la Free Software Fundation en el caso de la Corte Suprema «Eldred contra Ashcroft»</a> (por Eben Moglen) [en inglés]

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> [2001]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/push-copyright-aside.html"> Science must &ldquo;push copyright aside&rdquo;</a> (by RMS, first published in <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050729110347/http://www.nature.com/nature/debates/e-access/Articles/stallman.html"> <cite>Nature WebDebates</cite></a> in 2001)  &mdash; This article explains how copyright is impeding progress in scientific research.  You may also be interested in <a href="https://plos.org/">The Public Library of Science</a>, which is dedicated to making scientific research freely available to all on the Internet.
es: <a href="/philosophy/push-copyright-aside.html">La ciencia debe dejar de lado el copyright</a> (por RMS, publicado inicialmente en <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050729110347/http://www.nature.com/nature/debates/e-access/Articles/stallman.html"><cite>Nature Webdebates</cite></a> en 2001) &nbsp;&mdash; Este artículo explica de qué manera el copyright impide el progreso en la investigación científica. También puede resultar interesante consultar <a href="https://plos.org/"><cite>The Public Library of Science </cite></a>, que se dedica a poner las investigaciones científicas a disposición del público en Internet.

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> [2001]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20030604075825/http://www.humaninfo.org/copyrigh.htm"> Examples of Excellent Copyright Policies</a> (on <i>humaninfo.org</i>, archived)
es: <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20030604075825/http://www.humaninfo.org/copyrigh.htm">Examples of Excellent Copyright Policies</a> (Ejemplos de excelentes políticas de copyright) (en <i>humaninfo.org</i>, archivado) [en inglés]

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> [1999]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="https://cyber.harvard.edu/openlaw/eldredvashcroft/cyber/complaint_orig.html"> Original complaint in <cite>Eldred v. Reno</cite></a> (on <i>harvard.edu</i>)  &mdash; A lawsuit to overturn a law that extends copyright by 20 extra years.
es: <a href="http://cyber.law.harvard.edu/openlaw/eldredvashcroft/cyber/complaint_orig.html">Denuncia original <cite>Eldred contra Reno</cite></a> (en <i>harvard.edu</i>)&nbsp;&mdash; Una demanda para revocar una ley que extiende el copyright por 20 años más. [En inglés]

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> [1996]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/rms-comment-longs-article.html"> Comments on Roderick Long's Article</a> (by RMS)
es: <a href="/philosophy/rms-comment-longs-article.html"> Comments on Roderick Long's Article</a> (Comentarios acerca del artículo de Roderick Long) (por RMS) [en inglés]

note: type: Content of: <div><h4>
en: The propaganda term &ldquo;<a href="/philosophy/words-to-avoid.html#IntellectualProperty">Intellectual Property</a>&rdquo;
es: El término propagandístico «<a href="/philosophy/words-to-avoid.html#IntellectualProperty">propiedad intelectual</a>»

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> *[2004]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/not-ipr.html"> Did You Say &ldquo;Intellectual Property&rdquo;? It's a Seductive Mirage</a> (by RMS)
es: <a href="/philosophy/not-ipr.html">¿Ha dicho «propiedad intelectual»? Es solo un espejismo seductor</a> (por RMS)

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> [2015]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/komongistan.html"> The Curious History of Komongistan (Busting the term &ldquo;intellectual property&rdquo;)</a> (by RMS)
es: <a href="/philosophy/komongistan.html">The Curious History of Komongistan (Busting the term &ldquo;intellectual property&rdquo;)</a> (por RMS) [en inglés]

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> [2006]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/no-ip-ethos.html"> Don't Let &ldquo;Intellectual Property&rdquo; Twist Your Ethos</a> (by RMS)
es: <a href="/philosophy/no-ip-ethos.html">No permita que la «propiedad intelectual» distorsione su forma de pensar</a> (por RMS)

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> [2003]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/ipjustice.html"> Reject IP Enforcement Directive</a> &mdash; Comments on the rejection of this directive by the International Civil Liberties Coalition.
es: <a href="/philosophy/ipjustice.html">Rechacemos la Directiva de Aplicación de la PI</a>&nbsp;&mdash; Comentarios acerca del rechazo a esta directiva por parte de la Coalición Internacional por la Libertades Civiles.

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> [2003]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/boldrin-levine.html"> Review: Boldrin and Levine, &ldquo;The Case Against Intellectual Property&rdquo;</a> (by RMS)
es: <a href="/philosophy/boldrin-levine.html">Reseña: Boldrin y Levine, «El caso contra la propiedad intelectual»</a> (por RMS)

note: type: Content of: <div><h4>
en: Response to SCO's attacks
es: Respuesta a los ataques de la SCO

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> [2003-2004]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/sco/sco.html"> FSF's Position regarding SCO's attacks on Free Software</a>
es: <a href="/philosophy/sco/sco.html">La posición de la FSF respecto a los ataques de la SCO al software libre</a>

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> [2003]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/sco/sco-gnu-linux.html"> SCO, GNU, and Linux</a> (by RMS)  &mdash; How SCO's lawsuit against IBM pertains to the work of the GNU project.
es: <a href="/philosophy/sco/sco-gnu-linux.html">La SCO, GNU, y Linux</a> (por RMS)&nbsp;&mdash; De qué manera la demanda de la SCO contra IBM se relaciona con el trabajo del Proyecto GNU.

note: type: Content of: <div><h3>
en: Cultural and Social Issues
es: Cuestiones culturales y sociales

note: type: Content of: <div><h4>
en: Digital society
es: Sociedad digital

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> *[2012]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/stallmans-law.html"> Stallman's Law</a>
es: <a href="/philosophy/stallmans-law.html">La ley de Stallman</a>

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> *[2009]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/digital-inclusion-in-freedom.html"> Is Digital Inclusion A Good Thing? How Can We Make Sure It Is?</a> (by RMS)
es: <a href="/philosophy/digital-inclusion-in-freedom.html"> Is Digital Inclusion A Good Thing? How Can We Make Sure It Is?</a> (¿Es buena la eliminación de la brecha digital? ¿Cómo podemos asegurarnos de que lo sea?) (por RMS) [en inglés]

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> [2007]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/computing-progress.html"> Computing &ldquo;progress&rdquo;: good and bad</a> (by RMS)
es: <a href="/philosophy/computing-progress.html">«Progreso» informático: para bien y para mal</a> (por RMS)

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> [2003]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/wsis.html"> World Summit on the Information Society</a> (by RMS)
es: <a href="/philosophy/wsis.html">Cumbre Mundial sobre la Sociedad de la Información</a> (por RMS)

note: type: Content of: <div><h4>
en: Digital restrictions management and treacherous computing
es: Gestión Digital de Restricciones y computación traicionera

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> *[2006]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/opposing-drm.html"> Opposing Digital Rights Mismanagement</a> (by RMS)  &mdash; Answers to a few common questions about DRM.
es: <a href="/philosophy/opposing-drm.html"> Opposing Digital Rights Mismanagement</a> (Oposición a la indebida gestión digital de derechos)  (por RMS)&nbsp;&mdash; Respuestas a algunas preguntas frecuentes sobre el DRM. [En inglés]

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> *[2002]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/can-you-trust.html"> Can You Trust Your Computer?</a> (by RMS)  &mdash; About the so-called &ldquo;trusted computing&rdquo; initiatives.
es: <a href="/philosophy/can-you-trust.html">¿Puede confiar en su ordenador?</a> (por RMS)&nbsp;&mdash; Acerca de las así llamadas iniciativas de «computación confiable».

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> [2013]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/nonfree-games.html"> Nonfree DRM'd Games on GNU/Linux: Good or Bad?</a> (by RMS)
es: <a href="/philosophy/nonfree-games.html">Juegos privativos con DRM en GNU/Linux: ¿para bien o para mal?</a> (por RMS)

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> [2012]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/correcting-france-mistake.html"> Correcting My Mistake about French Law</a> (by RMS)
es: <a href="/philosophy/correcting-france-mistake.html"> Correcting My Mistake about French Law</a> (Rectificación de mi error sobre la ley francesa) [en inglés]

note: type: Content of: <div><h4>
en: Network Services
es: Servicios en línea

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> *[2010-2020]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/who-does-that-server-really-serve.html"> Who does that server really serve?</a> (by RMS)
es: <a href="/philosophy/who-does-that-server-really-serve.html">¿A quién sirve realmente ese servidor?</a> (por RMS)

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> [2020]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/posting-videos.html"> Posting Videos</a> (by RMS)
es: <a href="/philosophy/posting-videos.html">Posting Videos</a> (Publicar vídeos) (por RMS) [en inglés]

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> [2015]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/whats-wrong-with-youtube.html"> What's Wrong with YouTube</a>
es: <a href="/philosophy/whats-wrong-with-youtube.html">¿Qué tiene de malo YouTube?</a>

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> [2014]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/bug-nobody-allowed-to-understand.html"> The Bug Nobody is Allowed to Understand</a> (by RMS)
es: <a href="/philosophy/bug-nobody-allowed-to-understand.html">El error que nadie está autorizado a comprender</a> (por RMS)

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> [2011]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/judge-internet-usage.html"> A wise user judges each Internet usage scenario carefully</a> (by RMS)
es: <a href="/philosophy/judge-internet-usage.html"> A wise user judges each Internet usage scenario carefully</a> (Un usuario sensato sopesa cuidadosamente cada tipo de uso de internet) (por RMS) [en inglés]

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> [2011]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/keep-control-of-your-computing.html"> Keep control of your computing, so it doesn't control you!</a> (by RMS)
es: <a href="/philosophy/keep-control-of-your-computing.html"> Keep control of your computing, so it doesn't control you!</a> (Mantenga el control de su ordenador para que este no lo controle a usted) (por RMS) [en inglés]

note: type: Content of: <div><h4>
en: Accessing culture
es: Acceso a la cultura

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> *[1996-2016]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/right-to-read.html"> The Right to Read: A Dystopian Short Story</a> (by RMS)
es: <a href="/philosophy/right-to-read.html">El derecho a leer: Un breve relato distópico</a> (por RMS)

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> [2012]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/ebooks-must-increase-freedom.html"> Ebooks must increase our freedom, not decrease it</a> (by RMS)
es: <a href="/philosophy/ebooks-must-increase-freedom.html"> Los libros electrónicos deben aumentar nuestra libertad, no disminuirla</a> (por RMS)

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> [2011]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/the-danger-of-ebooks.html"> The Danger of E-Books</a> (by RMS)
es: <a href="/philosophy/the-danger-of-ebooks.html">El peligro de los libros electrónicos</a> (por RMS)

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> [2010]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/technology/blog/2010/apr/06/digital-economy-bill-richard-stallman"> Digital economy bill: One clown giveth and the other clown taketh away</a> (by RMS, on <i>theguardian.com</i>)
es: <a href="http://www.theguardian.com/technology/blog/2010/apr/06/digital-economy-bill-richard-stallman">Digital economy bill: One clown giveth and the other clown taketh away</a> (Proyecto de ley sobre la economía digital: un payaso lo da y otro payaso lo quita) (por RMS, en <i>theguardian.com</i>) [en inglés]

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> [2000]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/ebooks.html"> Ebooks: Freedom Or Copyright</a> (by RMS)
es: <a href="/philosophy/ebooks.html">Libros electrónicos: libertad o copyright</a> (por RMS)

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> [2000]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/encyclopedia/free-encyclopedia.html"> The Free Universal Encyclopedia and Learning Resource</a> (by RMS)
es: <a href="/encyclopedia/free-encyclopedia.html">La Enciclopedia Universal Libre como recurso didáctico</a> (por RMS)

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> [1999]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/new-monopoly.html"> U.S. Congress Threatens to Establish a New Kind of Monopoly</a> &mdash; An attempt of the Congress to create a private monopoly over repeating publicly known information.
es: <a href="/philosophy/new-monopoly.html">U.S. Congress Threatens to Establish a New Kind of Monopoly</a> (El Congreso de los EE.&nbsp;UU. amenaza con establecer un nuevo modelo de monopolio)&nbsp;&mdash; Un intento del Congreso de crear un monopolio privado sobre la repetición de información conocida públicamente. [En inglés]

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> [1999]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/stophr3028.html"> Stop H.R. 3028 - Protect the Net - Stop the Trademark Monopolists</a> (by Marc Rotenberg)
es: <a href="/philosophy/stophr3028.html"> Stop H.R. 3028 - Protect the Net - Stop the Trademark Monopolists</a> (Detengamos la H.R. 3028 - Protejamos la red - Paremos a los monopolistas de las marcas comerciales) (por Marc Rotenberg) [en inglés]

note: type: Content of: <div><h4>
en: Funding cultural works
es: Financiamento de obras culturales

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> [2013]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/funding-art-vs-funding-software.html"> Funding Art vs Funding Software</a> (by RMS)
es: <a href="/philosophy/funding-art-vs-funding-software.html">El financiamento del arte frente al financiamento del software</a> (por RMS)

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> [1992]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/dat.html"> The Right Way to Tax DAT</a> (by RMS)
es: <a href="/philosophy/dat.html">El impuesto adecuado para las cintas de audio digital</a> (por RMS)

note: type: Content of: <div><h4>
en: Surveillance, censorship, lock-in, etc.
es: Vigilancia, censura, dependencia, etc.

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> *[2013&hellip;&nbsp;]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/proprietary/proprietary.html"> Proprietary Software Is Often Malware</a> &mdash; Clearly established cases of proprietary software that does nasty things to the users.
es: <a href="/philosophy/proprietary.html">El software privativo a menudo es <cite>malware</cite></a> &nbsp;&mdash; Casos claramente comprobados de software privativo que perjudica a los usuarios.

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> *[2015-2019]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/surveillance-vs-democracy.html"> How Much Surveillance Can Democracy Withstand?</a> (by RMS)
es: <a href="/philosophy/surveillance-vs-democracy.html">¿Cuánta vigilancia puede soportar la democracia?</a> (por RMS)

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> [2021]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/wwworst-app-store.html"> The WWWorst App Store</a> (by Alexandre Oliva)
es: <a href="/philosophy/wwworst-app-store.html"> The WWWorst App Store</a> (por Alexandre Oliva) [en inglés]

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> [2018]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/phone-anonymous-payment.html"> Anonymous Payment by Phone</a> (by RMS)
es: <a href="/philosophy/phone-anonymous-payment.html"> Anonymous Payment by Phone</a> (Pagos anónimos por teléfono) (por RMS) [en inglés]

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> [2018]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2018/apr/03/facebook-abusing-data-law-privacy-big-tech-surveillance"> A radical proposal to keep your personal data safe</a> (by RMS, on <i>theguardian.com</i>)
es: <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2018/apr/03/facebook-abusing-data-law-privacy-big-tech-surveillance"> A radical proposal to keep your personal data safe</a> (Una propuesta radical para preservar la seguridad de sus datos personales) (por RMS, en <i>theguardian.com</i>) [en inglés]

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> [2018]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/surveillance-testimony.html"> Surveillance Testimony</a> (by RMS)
es: <a href="/philosophy/surveillance-testimony.html">Surveillance Testimony</a> (Testimonio sobre la vigilancia) (por RMS) [en inglés]

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> [2012]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/ubuntu-spyware.html"> Ubuntu Spyware: What to Do?</a> (by RMS)
es: <a href="/philosophy/ubuntu-spyware.html">Código espía en Ubuntu: ¿qué hacer?</a> (por RMS)

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> [2009]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/microsoft.html"> Is Microsoft the Great Satan?</a> [<a href="/philosophy/microsoft-old.html">older version</a>]
es: <a href="/philosophy/microsoft.html">Is Microsoft the Great Satan?</a> [en inglés] [<a href="/philosophy/microsoft-old.html">versión más antigua</a> en español]

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> [2008]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/the-root-of-this-problem.html"> The Problem Is Software Controlled By Its Developer</a> (by RMS)
es: <a href="/philosophy/the-root-of-this-problem.html">The Problem Is Software Controlled By Its Developer</a> (El problema es el software controlado por el programador) (por RMS) [en inglés]

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> [2008]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/gates.html"> It's not the Gates, it's the bars</a> (by RMS)
es: <a href="/philosophy/gates.html">No son las puertas, son los barrotes</a> (por RMS)

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> [2002]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/wassenaar.html"> The Wassenaar Arrangement</a> &mdash; Encryption software volunteers needed in countries without export control.
es: <a href="/philosophy/wassenaar.html">El Acuerdo de Wassenaar</a>&nbsp;&mdash; Se necesitan voluntarios para software de encriptación en países sin control de exportación.

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> [2002]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/ms-doj-tunney.html"> FSF's Statement in Response to Proposed Revised Final Judgment in <cite>Microsoft v. United States</cite></a>
es: <a href="/philosophy/ms-doj-tunney.html">Declaración de la Free Software Foundation en respuesta a la propuesta de sentencia definitiva revisada en el caso <cite>Microsoft contra los Estados Unidos</cite></a> [en inglés]

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> [2000]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/microsoft-verdict.html"> On the Microsoft Verdict</a>
es: <a href="/philosophy/microsoft-verdict.html">Sobre el fallo contra Microsoft</a>

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> [1999]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/microsoft-antitrust.html"> The Microsoft Antitrust Trial and Free Software</a>
es: <a href="/philosophy/microsoft-antitrust.html">El software libre y el juicio antimonopolio contra Microsoft</a>

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> [1996]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/privacyaction.html"> Protect Postal Privacy</a> (by Kathleen Ellis)  &mdash; A campaign to resist the proposed rule by the United States Postal Service to collect private information from customers.
es: <a href="/philosophy/privacyaction.html">Protect Postal Privacy</a> (Proteja la privacidad postal) (por Kathleen Ellis)&nbsp;&mdash; Una campaña para oponerse a la norma propuesta por el Servicio Postal de los Estados Unidos, que busca recoger información privada de los clientes. [En inglés]

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> [1996]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/basic-freedoms.html"> Freedoms of Speech, Press, and Association</a> &mdash; How to protect these freedoms on the Internet.
es: <a href="/philosophy/basic-freedoms.html">Libertad de expresión, de prensa y de asociación en Internet</a>&nbsp;&mdash; Cómo proteger estas libertades en Internet.

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> [1996]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/censoring-emacs.html"> Censoring My Software</a> (by RMS)
es: <a href="/philosophy/censoring-emacs.html">La censura de mi software</a> (por RMS)

note: type: Content of: <div><h3>
en: Terminology and Definitions
es: Terminología y Definiciones

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> *[1996&hellip;&nbsp;]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/words-to-avoid.html"> Words to Avoid (or Use with Care) Because They Are Loaded or Confusing</a>
es: <a href="/philosophy/words-to-avoid.html">Palabras y frases a evitar (o usar con cautela) porque son imprecisas o inducen a confusión</a>

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> [1999&hellip;&nbsp;]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/fs-translations.html"> Translations of the term &ldquo;free software&rdquo;</a> into various languages.
es: <a href="/philosophy/fs-translations.html">Traducciones de la expresión «<cite>free software</cite>»</a> a varios idiomas.

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> [1996-2019]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/categories.html"> Categories of Free and Nonfree Software</a>
es: <a href="/philosophy/categories.html">Categorías de software libre y software que no es libre</a>

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> [2013]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/why-call-it-the-swindle.html"> Why Call It The Swindle?</a> (by RMS)
es: <a href="/philosophy/why-call-it-the-swindle.html">¿Por qué llamarlo «<cite>Swindle</cite>»?</a> (por RMS)

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> [2002]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/wipo-PublicAwarenessOfCopyright-2002.html"> Public Awareness of Copyright, WIPO, June 2002</a> (by RMS)  &mdash; How WIPO recognizes that their system is designed to restrict the public, and how they propose to modify terminology so that people won't notice.
es: <a href="/philosophy/wipo-PublicAwarenessOfCopyright-2002.html"> Public Awareness of Copyright, WIPO, June 2002</a> (Conciencia pública acerca del copyright, WIPO, junio de 2002) (por RMS)&nbsp;&mdash; Acerca de cómo la WIPO reconoce que su sistema está diseñado para poner límites al público, y de cómo proponen modificar la terminología para que la gente no lo advierta. [En inglés]

note: type: Content of: <div><div><p>
en: Please send general FSF &amp; GNU inquiries to <a href="mailto:gnu@gnu.org">&lt;gnu@gnu.org&gt;</a>.  There are also <a href="/contact/">other ways to contact</a> the FSF.  Broken links and other corrections or suggestions can be sent to <a href="mailto:webmasters@gnu.org">&lt;webmasters@gnu.org&gt;</a>.
es: Envíe sus consultas acerca de la FSF y GNU a <a href="mailto:gnu@gnu.org">&lt;gnu@gnu.org&gt;</a>. Existen también <a href="/contact/">otros medios para contactar</a> con la FSF. <br /> Para avisar de enlaces rotos y proponer otras correcciones o sugerencias, diríjase a <a href="mailto:webmasters@gnu.org">&lt;webmasters@gnu.org&gt;</a>.

note: TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph, replace it with the translation of these two: We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality translations.  However, we are not exempt from imperfection. Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard to <a hr
en: Please see the <a href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations README</a> for information on coordinating and contributing translations of this article.
es: El equipo de traductores al español se esfuerza por ofrecer traducciones fieles al original y de buena calidad, pero no estamos libres de cometer errores.<br /> Envíe sus comentarios y sugerencias sobre las traducciones a <a  href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org">&lt;web-translators@gnu.org&gt;</a>. </p><p>Consulte la <a href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Guía para las traducciones</a> para obtener información sobre la coordinación y el envío de traducciones de las páginas de este sitio web.

note: type: Content of: <div><p>
en: This page is licensed under a <a rel="license" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License</a>.
es: Esta página está bajo licencia <a rel="license" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/deed.es_ES">Creative Commons Reconocimiento-SinObraDerivada 4.0 Internacional</a>.

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es: Última actualización:
