essays-and-articles.html - en to fr translation catalogue (232 entries)

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en: Essays and Articles - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation
fr: Essais et articles - Projet GNU - Free Software Foundation

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en: Essays and Articles
fr: Essais et articles

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en: This page lists a series of articles describing the philosophy of the free software movement, which is the motivation for our development of the free software operating system GNU.
fr: Cette page recense une série d'articles décrivant la philosophie du mouvement du logiciel libre, qui est la motivation de notre développement du système d'exploitation libre GNU.

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en: The most important articles are marked with asterisks, and listed first in each category. The other ones are in reverse chronological order.
fr: Les articles les plus importants de chaque catégorie sont marqués d'une astérisque et placés en premier. Les autres sont en ordre chronologique inverse.

note: type: Content of: <div><div><h3>
en: Table of Contents
fr: Table des matières

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en: <a href="#aboutfs">About Free Software</a>
fr: <a href="#aboutfs">À propos du logiciel libre</a>

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en: <a href="#principles">Principles</a>
fr: <a href="#principles">Principes</a>

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en: <a href="#practice">Practice</a>
fr: <a href="#practice">Pratique</a>

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en: <a href="#extension">Extension to other areas</a>
fr: <a href="#extension">Extension à d'autres domaines</a>

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en: <a href="#mix">Mixing free and nonfree</a>
fr: <a href="#mix">Mélange du libre et du non libre</a>

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en: <a href="#free-open">Free software and open source</a>
fr: <a href="#free-open">Logiciel libre et open source</a>

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en: <a href="#upholding">Upholding Software Freedom</a>
fr: <a href="#upholding">Défense du logiciel libre</a>

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en: <a href="/gnu/gnu.html">The GNU Project</a>
fr: <a href="/gnu/gnu.html">Le projet GNU</a>

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en: <a href="#fsmovement">The free software movement</a>
fr: <a href="#fsmovement">Le mouvement du logiciel libre</a>

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en: <a href="#need">The need for free software</a>
fr: <a href="#need">Nécessité du logiciel libre</a>

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en: <a href="#action">Guide for action</a>
fr: <a href="#action">Guide pour l'action</a>

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en: <a href="#LicensingFreeSoftware">Licensing Free Software</a>
fr: <a href="#LicensingFreeSoftware">Licences de logiciel libre</a>

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en: <a href="/licenses/licenses.html">General information</a>
fr: <a href="/licenses/licenses.html">Informations générales</a>

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en: <a href="#traps">Licensing traps</a>
fr: <a href="#traps">Pièges</a>

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en: <a href="#Laws">Legal Issues</a>
fr: <a href="#Laws">Questions juridiques</a>

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en: <a href="#patents">Patents</a>
fr: <a href="#patents">Brevets</a>

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en: <a href="#noip">The propaganda term &ldquo;Intellectual Property&rdquo;</a>
fr: <a href="#noip">Le terme de propagande « propriété intellectuelle »</a>

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en: <a href="#sco">Response to SCO's attacks</a>
fr: <a href="#sco">Réponse aux attaques de SCO</a>

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en: <a href="#cultural">Cultural and Social Issues</a>
fr: <a href="#cultural">Enjeux culturels et sociétaux</a>

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en: <a href="#society">Digital society</a>
fr: <a href="#society">Société numérique</a>

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en: <a href="#drm">Digital restrictions management and treacherous computing</a>
fr: <a href="#drm">Gestion numérique des restrictions et informatique déloyale</a>

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en: <a href="#ns">Network services</a>
fr: <a href="#ns">Services en ligne</a>

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en: <a href="#access">Accessing culture</a>
fr: <a href="#access">Accès à la culture</a>

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en: <a href="#funding">Funding cultural works</a>
fr: <a href="#funding">Financement des œuvres culturelles</a>

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en: <a href="#evils">Surveillance, censorship, lock-in, etc.</a>
fr: <a href="#evils">Surveillance, censure, verrouillage, etc.</a>

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en: <a href="/proprietary/proprietary.html">Proprietary malware</a>
fr: <a href="/proprietary/proprietary.html">Maliciels du logiciel privateur</a>

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en: <a href="#terminology">Terminology and Definitions</a>
fr: <a href="#terminology">Terminologie et définitions</a>

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en: <a href="/philosophy/third-party-ideas.html#humor">Philosophical Humor</a>
fr: <a href="/philosophy/third-party-ideas.html#humor">Humour philosophique</a>

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en: About Free Software
fr: À propos du logiciel libre

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en: Free software is a matter of freedom: people should be free to use software in all the ways that are socially useful.  Software differs from material objects&mdash;such as chairs, sandwiches, and gasoline&mdash;in that it can be copied and changed much more easily.  These possibilities make software as useful as it is; we believe software users should be able to make use of them.
fr: Le logiciel libre est une question de liberté : chacun doit être libre d'utiliser les logiciels de toutes les façons qui sont utiles à la société. Le logiciel diffère des objets matériels (tels que des chaises, des sandwiches ou de l'essence) en ce qu'il peut être copié et modifié beaucoup plus facilement. Ces possibilités rendent le logiciel aussi utile qu'il peut l'être ; nous croyons que les utilisateurs de logiciels devraient pouvoir en faire usage.

note: type: Content of: <div><h4>
en: Principles
fr: Principes

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> *[1996&hellip;&nbsp;]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/free-sw.html"> What is Free Software?</a>
fr: <a href="/philosophy/free-sw.html">Qu'est-ce que le logiciel libre ?</a>

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> *[2015]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html"> Free Software Is Even More Important Now</a> (by RMS)
fr: <a href="/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html">Le logiciel libre est encore plus essentiel maintenant</a>, par RMS

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> *[1996]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/selling.html"> Selling Free Software</a> &mdash; This is OK!
fr: <a href="/philosophy/selling.html">Vendre des logiciels libres</a> – Ce n'est pas un problème !

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> [2012]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/programs-must-not-limit-freedom-to-run.html"> Why programs must not limit the freedom to run them</a> (by RMS)  &mdash; Freedom 0 must not be limited.
fr: <a href="/philosophy/programs-must-not-limit-freedom-to-run.html">Pourquoi la liberté d'exécuter un programme doit être totale</a>, par RMS – La liberté 0 ne doit pas avoir de limites.

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> [2007]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/your-freedom-needs-free-software.html"> Your Freedom Needs Free Software</a> (by RMS)
fr: <a href="/philosophy/your-freedom-needs-free-software.html">Votre liberté a besoin du logiciel libre</a>, par RMS

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> [1994]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/why-free.html"> Why Software Should Not Have Owners</a> (by RMS)
fr: <a href="/philosophy/why-free.html">Pourquoi les logiciels ne doivent pas avoir de propriétaire</a>, par RMS

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> [1991]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/shouldbefree.html"> Why Software Should Be Free</a> (by RMS)  &mdash; An older and longer essay about the same topic as the previous one.
fr: <a href="/philosophy/shouldbefree.html">Pourquoi le logiciel doit être libre</a> par RMS – Un essai plus ancien et plus long sur le même sujet que le précédent.

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en: Practice
fr: Pratique

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> *[2023]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/tivoization.html"> Tivoization</a> &mdash; When free software isn't free in practice
fr: <a href="/philosophy/tivoization.html">Tivoïsation</a> – Quand le logiciel libre n'est pas libre en pratique

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> *[1999-2011]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/when-free-software-isnt-practically-superior.html"> When Free Software Isn't (Practically) Superior</a> (by Benjamin Mako Hill)
fr: <a href="/philosophy/when-free-software-isnt-practically-superior.html">Quand le logiciel libre n'est pas supérieur, en pratique</a>, par Benjamin Mako Hill

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> [2015]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/applying-free-sw-criteria.html"> Applying the Free Software Criteria</a> (by RMS)
fr: <a href="/philosophy/applying-free-sw-criteria.html">Mettre en application les critères du logiciel libre</a>

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> [2014]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/imperfection-isnt-oppression.html"> Imperfection is not the same as oppression</a> (by RMS)
fr: <a href="/philosophy/imperfection-isnt-oppression.html">Imperfection ne veut pas dire oppression</a>, par RMS

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> [2011]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/android-and-users-freedom.html"> Android and Users' Freedom</a> (by RMS)
fr: <a href="/philosophy/android-and-users-freedom.html">Android et la liberté des utilisateurs</a>, par RMS

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> [1997-2011]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/software/reliability.html"> Free Software is More Reliable!</a>
fr: <a href="/software/reliability.html">Le logiciel libre est plus fiable</a> !

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en: Extension to other areas
fr: Extension à d'autres domaines

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> *[1996]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/free-doc.html"> Why Free Software Needs Free Documentation</a>
fr: <a href="/philosophy/free-doc.html">Pourquoi le logiciel libre a besoin d'une documentation libre</a>

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> [2020]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/free-software-rocket.html"> Should Rockets Have Only Free Software? Free Software and Appliances</a> (by RMS)
fr: <a href="/philosophy/free-software-rocket.html">Le logiciel des fusées doit-il être entièrement libre ? Logiciel libre et matériel</a>

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> [2015]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/free-hardware-designs.html"> Free Hardware and Free Hardware Designs</a> (by RMS)
fr: <a href="/philosophy/free-hardware-designs.html">Matériel libre et plans libres pour le matériel</a>, par RMS

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> [2015]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/loyal-computers.html"> What Does It Mean for Your Computer to Be Loyal?</a> (by RMS)
fr: <a href="/philosophy/loyal-computers.html">À quelles conditions votre ordinateur vous est-il loyal ?</a>, par RMS

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> [2012]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/network-services-arent-free-or-nonfree.html"> Network Services Aren't Free or Nonfree; They Raise Other Issues</a> (by RMS)
fr: <a href="/philosophy/network-services-arent-free-or-nonfree.html">Les services en ligne ne sont ni libres ni privateurs ; ils posent d'autres problèmes</a>, par RMS

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> [2000]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/gnutella.html" id="Gnutella"> Regarding Gnutella</a>
fr: <a href="/philosophy/gnutella.html" id="Gnutella">À propos de Gnutella</a>

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en: Mixing free and nonfree
fr: Mélange du libre et du non libre

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> [2016]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/when-free-depends-on-nonfree.html"> When Free Software Depends on Nonfree</a> (by RMS)
fr: <a href="/philosophy/when-free-depends-on-nonfree.html">Quand le logiciel libre dépend du logiciel non libre</a>, par RMS

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> [2013]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/is-ever-good-use-nonfree-program.html"> Is It Ever a Good Thing to Use a Nonfree Program?</a> (by RMS)
fr: <a href="/philosophy/is-ever-good-use-nonfree-program.html">Arrive-t-il parfois qu'utiliser un logiciel non libre soit une bonne chose ?</a> par RMS

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> [2005]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/mcvoy.html"> Thank You, Larry McVoy</a> (by RMS)
fr: <a href="/philosophy/mcvoy.html">Merci, Larry McVoy</a>, par RMS

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> [1998]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/udi.html"> The Free Software Movement and UDI</a> (by RMS)
fr: <a href="/philosophy/udi.html">Le mouvement du logiciel libre et le projet UDI</a>, par RMS

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en: Free software and open source
fr: Logiciel libre et open source

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> *[2007-2021]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html"> Why &ldquo;Open Source&rdquo; Misses the Point of Free Software</a> (by RMS)
fr: <a href="/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html">En quoi l'open source perd de vue l'éthique du logiciel libre</a>, par RMS

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> [2015]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/free-open-overlap.html"> How Free Software and Open Source Relate as Categories of Programs</a>
fr: <a href="/philosophy/free-open-overlap.html">Relation entre les catégories logicielles « libre » et « open source »</a>

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> [2013]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/floss-and-foss.html"> FLOSS and FOSS</a> (by RMS)
fr: <a href="/philosophy/floss-and-foss.html">FLOSS et FOSS</a>, par RMS

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> [2002]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/linux-gnu-freedom.html"> Linux, GNU, and Freedom</a> (by RMS)
fr: <a href="/philosophy/linux-gnu-freedom.html">Linux, GNU et liberté</a>, par RMS

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> [2001]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/drdobbs-letter.html"> Letter from RMS to the Editor of Dr. Dobb's Journal</a> on the distinction between open source and the free software movement.
fr: <a href="/philosophy/drdobbs-letter.html">Lettre de RMS au rédacteur en chef du <cite>Dr. Dobb's Journal</cite></a> à propos de la différence entre l'open source et le mouvement du logiciel libre.

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> [1998]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/free-software-for-freedom.html"> &ldquo;Open Source Software&rdquo; or &ldquo;Free Software&rdquo;?</a> (replaced by <a href="/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html"> Why &ldquo;Open Source&rdquo; Misses the Point of Free Software</a>)
fr: <a href="/philosophy/free-software-for-freedom.html">Pourquoi l'expression « logiciel libre » est meilleure qu'« open source »</a> (remplacé par <a href="/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html">En quoi l'open source perd de vue l'éthique du logiciel libre</a>)

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en: Upholding Software Freedom
fr: Défense du logiciel libre

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en: The GNU Project
fr: Le Projet GNU

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en: <a href="/gnu/gnu.html">The GNU Operating System</a> &mdash; History, relationship with Linux, etc.
fr: <a href="/gnu/gnu.html">The système d'exploitation GNU</a> – Histoire, relation avec Linux, etc.

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en: The free software movement
fr: Le mouvement du logiciel libre

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en: <a href="https://www.fsf.org/"> The official website of the Free Software Foundation</a>
fr: <a href="https://www.fsf.org/">Site officiel de la <i>Free Software Foundation</i> (Fondation pour le logiciel libre)</a>

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> [2004]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/use-free-software.html"> The Free Software Community After 20 Years</a> (by RMS)  &mdash; With great but incomplete success, what now?
fr: <a href="/philosophy/use-free-software.html">La communauté du logiciel libre 20 ans après</a>, par RMS – Un grand succès, mais un succès incomplet ; et maintenant ?

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> [1999]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/15-years-of-free-software.html"> 15 Years of Free Software</a> (by RMS)
fr: <a href="/philosophy/15-years-of-free-software.html">15 ans de logiciel libre</a>, par RMS

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> [1999]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/free-software-intro.html"> Free Software Movement</a>
fr: <a href="/philosophy/free-software-intro.html">Le mouvement du logiciel libre</a>

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en: The need for free software
fr: La nécessité du logiciel libre

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> *[2011-2017]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/government-free-software.html"> Measures Governments Can Use to Promote Free Software</a> (by RMS)
fr: <a href="/philosophy/government-free-software.html">Mesures à la portée des gouvernements pour promouvoir le logiciel libre</a>, par RMS

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> *[2009-2014]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/education/edu-schools.html"> Why Schools Should Use Exclusively Free Software</a> (by RMS)
fr: <a href="/education/edu-schools.html">Pourquoi les écoles doivent utiliser exclusivement du logiciel libre</a>, par RMS

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> [2014]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/technological-neutrality.html"> Technological Neutrality and Free Software</a> (by RMS)
fr: <a href="/philosophy/technological-neutrality.html">Neutralité technologique et logiciel libre</a>, par RMS

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> [2013]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/uruguay.html"> Lesson from Uruguay</a> &mdash; The FSF learned something from a bill presented in Uruguay.
fr: <a href="/philosophy/uruguay.html">Enseignement tiré de l'Uruguay</a> – La FSF tire les leçons d'une proposition de loi présentée en Uruguay.

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> [2005]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/second-sight.html"> Free Software and (e-)Government</a> (by RMS)
fr: <a href="/philosophy/second-sight.html">Logiciel libre et (e-)administration</a>, par RMS

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> [2005]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/fs-and-sustainable-development.html"> Free Software and Sustainable Development</a> (by RMS)  &mdash; A short article regarding the use of proprietary software in cultural development.
fr: <a href="/philosophy/fs-and-sustainable-development.html"><i>Free Software and Sustainable Development</i></a> (Logiciel libre et développement durable), par RMS – Un court article concernant l'utilisation de logiciels privateurs (propriétaires) dans le développement culturel.

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en: Guide for action
fr: Guide pour l'action

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> *[2024]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/the-moral-and-the-legal.html"> The Moral and the Legal</a> (by RMS)
fr: <a href="/philosophy/the-moral-and-the-legal.html">Morale et légalité</a>, par RMS

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> *[2020]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/saying-no-even-once.html"> Saying No to unjust computing even once is help</a> (by RMS)
fr: <a href="/philosophy/saying-no-even-once.html">Dire non à l'informatique injuste, même une seule fois, est une aide</a>, par RMS

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> *[2009]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/fs-motives.html"> Motives For Writing Free Software</a>
fr: <a href="/philosophy/fs-motives.html">Raisons d'écrire des logiciels libres</a>

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> [2002-2020]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/no-word-attachments.html" id="NoWordAttachments"> We Can Put an End to Word Attachments</a> (by RMS)
fr: <a href="/philosophy/no-word-attachments.html" id="NoWordAttachments">Finissons-en avec les pièces jointes Word</a>, par RMS

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> [2019]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/install-fest-devil.html"> Install Fests: What to Do about the Deal with the Devil</a> (by RMS)
fr: <a href="/philosophy/install-fest-devil.html">Install parties : comment réagir au pacte avec le diable</a>, par RMS

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> [2019]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/upgrade-windows.html"> What Is the Right Way to Upgrade an Installation of Windows?</a> (by RMS)
fr: <a href="/philosophy/upgrade-windows.html">Comment bien mettre à niveau une installation de Windows ?</a> par RMS

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> [2018]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/kind-communication.html"> GNU Kind Communications Guidelines</a> (by RMS)
fr: <a href="/philosophy/kind-communication.html">Charte de GNU pour une communication bienveillante</a>, par RMS

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> [2017]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/hackathons.html"> Why Hackathons Should Insist on Free Software</a> (by RMS)
fr: <a href="/philosophy/hackathons.html">Pourquoi les hackathons doivent exiger du logiciel libre</a>, par RMS

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> [2014]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/contradictory-support.html"> Beware of Contradictory &ldquo;Support&rdquo;</a> (by RMS)
fr: <a href="/philosophy/contradictory-support.html">Attention au « soutien » contredit par les faits</a>, par RMS

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> [2012]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/devils-advocate.html"> Why the Devil's Advocate Doesn't Help Reach the Truth</a> (by RMS)
fr: <a href="/philosophy/devils-advocate.html">En quoi jouer l'avocat du diable n'aide pas à la manifestation de la vérité</a>, par RMS

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> [2010]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/practical.html"> The Advantages of Free Software</a> (by RMS)
fr: <a href="/philosophy/practical.html">Les avantages du logiciel libre</a>, par RMS

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> [2009]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/pirate-party.html"> How the Swedish Pirate Party Platform Backfires on Free Software</a> (by RMS)
fr: <a href="/philosophy/pirate-party.html">Pourquoi les propositions du Parti Pirate suédois se retournent contre le logiciel libre</a>, par RMS

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> [2009]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/lest-codeplex-perplex.html"> Lest CodePlex perplex</a> (by RMS)
fr: <a href="/philosophy/lest-codeplex-perplex.html">Ne soyons pas déroutés par CodePlex</a>, par RMS

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> [2008]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/ucita.html"> Why We Must Fight UCITA</a>
fr: <a href="/philosophy/ucita.html">Pourquoi nous devons contrer UCITA</a>

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> [2008]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/compromise.html"> Avoiding Ruinous Compromises</a> (by RMS)
fr: <a href="/philosophy/compromise.html">Éviter les compromis ruineux</a>, par RMS

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> [2007]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/social-inertia.html"> Overcoming Social Inertia</a> (by RMS)
fr: <a href="/philosophy/social-inertia.html">Vaincre l'inertie sociale</a>, par RMS

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> [2004]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/my_doom.html"> MyDoom and You</a> (by RMS)
fr: <a href="/philosophy/my_doom.html">MyDoom et vous</a>, par RMS

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> [2003]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/kevin-cole-response.html"> A Response Letter to the Word Attachments</a> (by Kevin Cole)
fr: <a href="/philosophy/kevin-cole-response.html">Une lettre de réponse aux pièces jointes Word</a>, par Kevin Cole

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> [2003]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/anonymous-response.html"> A Response to Word Attachments</a>
fr: <a href="/philosophy/anonymous-response.html">Une réponse aux pièces jointes Word</a>

note: type: Content of: <div><h3>
en: Licensing Free Software
fr: Licences de logiciel libre

note: type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/licenses/licenses.html"> Licenses</a> &mdash; General information on licensing and copyleft
fr: <a href="/licenses/licenses.html">Informations générales sur les licences et le copyleft</a>

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> *[2003]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/why-copyleft.html"> Why Copyleft?</a>
fr: <a href="/philosophy/why-copyleft.html">Pourquoi le copyleft ?</a>

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> *[1998]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/pragmatic.html"> Copyleft: Pragmatic Idealism</a> (by RMS)
fr: <a href="/philosophy/pragmatic.html">Copyleft : idéalisme pragmatique</a>

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> [2009-2017]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/selling-exceptions.html"> On Selling Exceptions to the GNU GPL</a> (by RMS)
fr: <a href="/philosophy/selling-exceptions.html">À propos de la vente d'exceptions à la GNU GPL</a>, par RMS

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> [2014]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/assigning-copyright.html"> When a Company Asks For Your Copyright</a>
fr: <a href="/philosophy/assigning-copyright.html">Quand une entreprise vous demande de lui céder vos droits</a>

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> [2005]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="https://www.fsf.org/blogs/licensing/20050211.html"> Censorship envy and licensing</a> (by David &ldquo;Novalis&rdquo; Turner, on <i>fsf.org</i>)
fr: <a href="https://www.fsf.org/blogs/licensing/20050211.html"><i>Censorship envy and licensing</i></a> (Tentation de censure et licence), par David « Novalis » Turner, sur <i>fsf.org</i>

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> [2004]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210228133128/https://www.oii.ox.ac.uk/archive/downloads/research/gpl/OIIFB_GPL2_20040903.pdf"> English translation of the famous decision of the District Court of Munich</a> regarding the enforceability and validity of the GPL (by the translators of the Oxford Internet Institute, on <i>oii.ox.ac.uk</i>)
fr: <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210228133128/https://www.oii.ox.ac.uk/archive/downloads/research/gpl/OIIFB_GPL2_20040903.pdf">Traduction en anglais de la fameuse décision du tribunal de grande instance de Munich</a> concernant l'applicabilité et la validité de la GPL, par les traducteurs de l'<i>Oxford Internet Institute</i>, sur <i>oii.ox.ac.uk</i>.

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> [2002]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/university.html"> Releasing Free Software if You Work at a University</a> (by RMS)
fr: <a href="/philosophy/university.html">Publier des logiciels libres si vous travaillez à l'université</a>, par RMS

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> [2001]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/gpl-american-way.html" id="GPLAmericanWay"> The GNU GPL and the American Way</a> (by RMS)
fr: <a href="/philosophy/gpl-american-way.html" id="GPLAmericanWay">La GNU GPL et l'<i>American Way</i></a>, par RMS

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> [2001]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/gpl-american-dream.html" id="GPLAmericanDream"> The GNU GPL and the American Dream</a> (by Bradley&nbsp;M.&nbsp;Kuhn)
fr: <a href="/philosophy/gpl-american-dream.html" id="GPLAmericanDream">La GNU GPL comme incarnation du rêve américain</a>, par Bradley M. Kuhn

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> [2001]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/freedom-or-power.html" id="FreedomOrPower"> Freedom or Power?</a> (by Bradley&nbsp;M.&nbsp;Kuhn and RMS)
fr: <a href="/philosophy/freedom-or-power.html" id="FreedomOrPower">Liberté ou pouvoir ?</a> par Bradley M. Kuhn et RMS

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> [2001]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/rtlinux-patent.html"> GPL-compliant version of RTLinux Open Patent License in Works</a>
fr: <a href="/philosophy/rtlinux-patent.html">Une version de la <i>RTLinux Open Patent License</i> compatible avec la GPL</a>

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> [2001]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/enforcing-gpl.html" id="EnforcingGPL"> Enforcing the GNU GPL</a> (by Eben Moglen)
fr: <a href="/philosophy/enforcing-gpl.html" id="EnforcingGPL">Faire respecter la GNU GPL</a>, par Eben Moglen

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> [1999]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/using-gfdl.html" id="UsingGFDL"> Using the GNU FDL</a> (by RMS)
fr: <a href="/philosophy/using-gfdl.html" id="UsingGFDL">Utiliser la GNU FDL (GFDL)</a>, par RMS

note: type: Content of: <div><h4>
en: Non-copyleft
fr: Non copyleft

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> [2003]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/apsl.html"> FSF's Opinion of the Apple Public Source License (APSL) 2.0</a>
fr: <a href="/philosophy/apsl.html">Opinion de la FSF sur l'<i>Apple Public Source License</i> (APSL) 2.0</a>

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> [2000]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/plan-nine.html" id="PlanNineLicense"> The Problems of the (Earlier) Plan 9 License</a> (by RMS)
fr: <a href="/philosophy/plan-nine.html" id="PlanNineLicense">Les problèmes de la (précédente) licence de Plan 9</a>, par RMS

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> [1998]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/netscape-npl.html"> On the Netscape Public License</a> (by RMS)  [<a href="/philosophy/netscape-npl-old.html">older version</a>]
fr: <a href="/philosophy/netscape-npl.html">La <i>Netscape Public License</i> (licence publique de Netscape) a de gros problèmes</a>, par RMS [<a href="/philosophy/netscape-npl-old.html">version plus ancienne</a>]

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> [1998]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/netscape.html"> Netscape and Free Software</a> &mdash; An old article that clarifies some misunderstandings about an announcement by Netscape.
fr: <a href="/philosophy/netscape.html">Netscape et le logiciel libre</a> – Un article assez ancien qui clarifie quelques malentendus sur une annonce faite par Netscape.

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> [1997]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/motif.html" id="MotifLicense"> The Motif License</a> (by RMS)
fr: <a href="/philosophy/motif.html" id="MotifLicense">La licence Motif</a>, par RMS

note: type: Content of: <div><h4>
en: Licensing traps
fr: Pièges

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> *[2009-2019]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/javascript-trap.html"> JavaScript Trap</a> (by RMS)  &mdash; You may be running nonfree programs on your computer every day without realizing it&mdash;through your web browser.
fr: <a href="/philosophy/javascript-trap.html">Le piège JavaScript</a> (par RMS) – Il se peut que vous exécutiez des programmes non libres sur votre ordinateur tous les jours sans le savoir&hellip; par l'intermédiaire de votre navigateur web.

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> [2004-2015]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/java-trap.html" id="JavaTrap"> Free But Shackled - The Java Trap</a> (by RMS)  &mdash; Although Sun has <a href="https://www.fsf.org/news/fsf-welcomes-gpl-java.html"> relicensed</a> most of its Java platform reference implementation under the GNU General Public License, the issue described in this article still remains important.
fr: <a href="/philosophy/java-trap.html" id="JavaTrap">Libre mais entravé - le piège Java</a>, par RMS – Bien que Sun ait <a href="https://www.fsf.org/news/fsf-welcomes-gpl-java.html">republié sa plateforme Java sous la licence publique générale GNU</a>, le problème décrit dans cet article demeure important.

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> [1998-2009]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/x.html"> The X Window System Trap</a> (by RMS)
fr: <a href="/philosophy/x.html">Le piège X Window System</a>, par RMS

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> [2006]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/sun-in-night-time.html"> The Curious Incident of Sun in the Night-Time</a> (by RMS)
fr: <a href="/philosophy/sun-in-night-time.html">Le curieux non-événement de Sun dans la pénombre</a>, par RMS

note: type: Content of: <div><h3>
en: Legal Issues
fr: Questions juridiques

note: type: Content of: <div><h4>
en: Patents
fr: Brevets

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> *[2012]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/limit-patent-effect.html"> Giving the Software Field Protection from Patents</a> (by RMS)
fr: <a href="/philosophy/limit-patent-effect.html">Protéger le secteur du logiciel des brevets</a>, par RMS

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> [2011]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/europes-unitary-patent.html"> Europe's &ldquo;unitary patent&rdquo; could mean unlimited software patents</a> (by RMS)
fr: <a href="/philosophy/europes-unitary-patent.html">Le « brevet unitaire » européen pourrait engendrer des brevets logiciels sans limites</a>, par RMS

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> [2000-2007]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="https://www.eff.org/search/site/dvd%20cases/"> EFF &ldquo;Intellectual Property&rdquo;: MPAA (Motion Picture Association of America) DVD Cases Archive</a>
fr: <a href="https://www.eff.org/search/site/dvd%20cases/"><cite>EFF &ldquo;Intellectual Property&rdquo;: MPAA (Motion Picture Association of America) DVD Cases Archive</cite></a> (Dossier de l'EFF sur la « propriété intellectuelle » : archives des procès de la <abbr title="Motion Picture Association of America">MPAA</abbr> à propos de DVD)

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> [2006]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/trivial-patent.html"> The Anatomy of a Trivial Patent</a> (by RMS)
fr: <a href="/philosophy/trivial-patent.html">L'anatomie d'un brevet trivial</a>, par RMS

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> [2005]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/microsoft-new-monopoly.html"> Microsoft's New Monopoly</a> (by RMS)
fr: <a href="/philosophy/microsoft-new-monopoly.html">Le nouveau monopole de Microsoft</a>, par RMS

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> [2005]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2005/aug/02/comment.business"> Soft sell</a> (by RMS, on <i>theguardian.com</i>)  &mdash; Comments on the defeat of the EU software patenting directive.
fr: <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2005/aug/02/comment.business"><i>Soft sell</i></a>, par RMS, sur <i>theguardian.com</i> – À propos de la défaite de la directive européenne sur les brevets logiciels.

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> [2005]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/bill-gates-and-other-communists.html"> Bill Gates and Other Communists</a> (by RMS)
fr: <a href="/philosophy/bill-gates-and-other-communists.html">Bill Gates et autres communistes</a>, par RMS

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> [2005]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/software-literary-patents.html" id="SoftwareLiteraryPatents"> Software Patents and Literary Patents</a> (by RMS)  &mdash; Speaking of patenting artistic techniques, US patent (6,935,954)  covers making game characters start to hallucinate when (according to the game) they are being driven insane. That is getting pretty close to the hypothetical examples cited in this article.
fr: <a href="/philosophy/software-literary-patents.html" id="SoftwareLiteraryPatents">Brevets logiciels et brevets littéraires</a>, par RMS – S'agissant de brevets sur les techniques artistiques, le brevet américain n° 6 935 954 couvre la conception de personnages de jeu qui commencent à halluciner quand (d'après le jeu) on les rend fous, ce qui est très proche des exemples hypothétiques donnés dans cet article.

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> [2004]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/fighting-software-patents.html" id="FightingSoftwarePatents"> Fighting Software Patents&mdash;Singly and Together</a> (by RMS)
fr: <a href="/philosophy/fighting-software-patents.html" id="FightingSoftwarePatents">Combattre les brevets logiciels, individuellement et collectivement</a>, par RMS

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> [2005]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2005/jun/23/onlinesupplement.insideit"> Patent absurdity</a> (by RMS, on <i>theguardian.com</i>)
fr: <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2005/jun/23/onlinesupplement.insideit"><i>Patent absurdity</i></a> (L'absurdité des brevets), par RMS, sur <i>theguardian.com</i>

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> [2003]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/w3c-patent.html"> FSF's Position on W3 Consortium &ldquo;Royalty-Free&rdquo; Patent Policy</a> (rewritten)
fr: <a href="/philosophy/w3c-patent.html">Position de la FSF sur la politique de brevets « libres de droits » <i>[Royalty-Free]</i> du W3 Consortium</a>, réécrite.

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> [2003]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/guardian-article.html"> Opposing The European Software Patent Directive</a> (by RMS and Nick&nbsp;Hill)
fr: <a href="/philosophy/guardian-article.html">Sauver l'Europe des brevets logiciels</a>, par RMS et Nick Hill

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> [2001]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="https://www.eff.org/press/releases/princeton-scientists-sue-over-squelched-research"> Princeton Scientists Sue Over Squelched Research</a> (press release on <i>eff.org</i>)  &mdash; In <cite>Felten v. RIAA</cite>, scientists ask a court to rule that the Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA) does not prohibit them from publishing their research.
fr: Dans <a href="https://www.eff.org/press/releases/princeton-scientists-sue-over-squelched-research">Princeton Scientists Sue Over Squelched Research</a> (Des scientifiques de Princeton intentent un procès pour étouffement de la recherche) – Dans l'affaire <cite>Felten v. RIAA</cite>, des scientifiques demandent à un tribunal de juger que la loi dite <i>Digital Millennium Copyright Act</i> (DMCA) ne les empêche pas de publier leur recherche.

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> [2001]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/hague.html"> Harm from the Hague</a> (by RMS)
fr: <a href="/philosophy/hague.html">Le danger de La Haye</a> par RMS

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> [2000]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20000815064858/http://www.researchoninnovation.org/patent.pdf" id="SequentialIPandI"> Sequential Innovation, Patents, and Imitation</a> (by James Bessen and Eric Maskin, on <i>researchoninnovation.org</i>, archived)  &mdash; This paper presents a mathematical model showing how patents can impede progress in fields like software.
fr: <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20000815064858/http://www.researchoninnovation.org/patent.pdf" id="SequentialIPandI"><cite>Sequential Innovation, Patents, and Imitation</cite></a> (Innovation séquentielle, brevets et imitation), par James Bessen et Eric Maskin, sur <i>researchoninnovation.org</i> (archivé) – Ce mémoire présente un modèle mathématique montrant comment les brevets peuvent freiner le progrès dans des domaines comme celui du logiciel.

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> [1999]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/amazon-rms-tim.html"> Letter from RMS to Tim O'Reilly</a> in regard to a statement by Jeff Bezos, CEO of Amazon, on the duration of software patents.
fr: <a href="/philosophy/amazon-rms-tim.html">Lettre de RMS à Tim O'Reilly</a> concernant une déclaration de Jeff Bezos, PDG d'Amazon, sur la durée des brevets logiciels.

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> [1999]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/amazon-nat.html"> Amazon Boycott Success!</a> (a letter from Nat Friedman to RMS)
fr: <a href="/philosophy/amazon-nat.html">Le boycott d'Amazon a réussi !</a> (une lettre de Nat Friedman à Richard Stallman)

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> [1999]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/amazon.html"> (Formerly) Boycott Amazon!</a>
fr: <a href="/philosophy/amazon.html">Boycottez Amazon ! (autrefois)</a>

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> [1999]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/amazonpatent.html"> Method and system for placing a purchase order via a communications network</a> &mdash; Amazon patent with notes by RMS
fr: <a href="/philosophy/amazonpatent.html">Method and system for placing a purchase order via a communications network</a> (Méthode et système pour commander des biens sur un réseau de communication) – Brevet d'Amazon avec des notes de RMS.

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> [1997]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/gif.html"> Why There Are No GIF Files on GNU Web Pages</a> &mdash; While this story is a historical illustration of the danger of software patents, these particular patents are now no longer a concern.  For details of our website policies regarding GIFs, see our <a href="/server/standards/gnu-website-guidelines.html#UseofGraphics">web guidelines</a>.
fr: <a href="/philosophy/gif.html">Pourquoi il n'y a pas de fichiers GIF sur le site de GNU</a> – On a là une illustration historique du danger des brevets logiciels. Ces brevets particuliers ne sont toutefois plus un problème. Vous trouverez plus de détails sur notre politique en matière de fichiers GIF dans le <a href="/server/standards/gnu-website-guidelines.html#UseofGraphics">guide destiné aux webmestres</a>.

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> [1996]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/savingeurope.html"> Saving Europe from Software Patents</a>
fr: <a href="/philosophy/savingeurope.html">Sauver l'Europe des brevets logiciels</a>

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> [1996]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/protecting.html"> Help Protect the Rights to Write Both Nonfree and Free Software</a>
fr: <a href="/philosophy/protecting.html">Aider à défendre le droit d'écrire des logiciels, libres ou non</a>

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> [1996]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/patent-reform-is-not-enough.html"> Patent Reform Is Not Enough</a>
fr: <a href="/philosophy/patent-reform-is-not-enough.html">Une réforme des brevets n'est pas suffisante</a>

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> *[2002]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/misinterpreting-copyright.html"> Misinterpreting Copyright&mdash;A Series of Errors</a> (by RMS)  &mdash; About the flaws in popular defenses of copyright law.
fr: <a href="/philosophy/misinterpreting-copyright.html">Mauvaise interprétation du copyright</a>, par RMS – Sur les erreurs des argumentaires habituels défendant la loi sur le copyright.

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> *[1996]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/reevaluating-copyright.html"> Reevaluating Copyright: The Public Must Prevail</a> (by RMS)
fr: <a href="/philosophy/reevaluating-copyright.html">Dans une réévaluation du copyright, on doit donner la priorité au public</a>, par RMS

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> [2010]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/public-domain-manifesto.html"> Why I Will Not Sign the Public Domain Manifesto</a> (by RMS)
fr: <a href="/philosophy/public-domain-manifesto.html">Pourquoi je ne signerai pas le manifeste pour le domaine public</a> (par RMS)

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> [2008]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/freedom-or-copyright.html"> Freedom&mdash;or Copyright?</a> (by RMS)  [<a href="/philosophy/freedom-or-copyright-old.html">older version</a>]
fr: <a href="/philosophy/freedom-or-copyright.html">La liberté ou le copyright ?</a> par RMS [<a href="/philosophy/freedom-or-copyright-old.html">version plus ancienne</a>]

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> [2002]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/eldred-amicus.html"> FSF's Brief Amicus Curiae in the <cite>Eldred v. Ashcroft</cite> Supreme Court case</a> (by Eben Moglen)
fr: <a href="/philosophy/eldred-amicus.html">Mémoire d'<i> amicus curiae</i> de la FSF dans l'affaire <cite>Eldred v. Ashcroft</cite> de la Cour suprême des États-Unis</a>, par Eben Moglen

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> [2001]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/push-copyright-aside.html"> Science must &ldquo;push copyright aside&rdquo;</a> (by RMS, first published in <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050729110347/http://www.nature.com/nature/debates/e-access/Articles/stallman.html"> <cite>Nature WebDebates</cite></a> in 2001)  &mdash; This article explains how copyright is impeding progress in scientific research.  You may also be interested in <a href="https://plos.org/">The Public Library of Science</a>, which is dedicated to making scientific research freely available to all on the Internet.
fr: <a href="/philosophy/push-copyright-aside.html">La science doit mettre le droit d'auteur de côté</a>, par RMS, publié à l'origine dans <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050729110347/http://www.nature.com/nature/debates/e-access/Articles/stallman.html"><cite>Nature WebDebates</cite></a> en 2001 – Cet article explique comment le copyright freine le progrès dans la recherche scientifique. Vous pourriez aussi être intéressé par la <i><a href="https://plos.org/">Public Library of Science</a></i> (Bibliothèque scientifique publique), dont la mission est de mettre les recherches scientifiques à la disposition de tous, librement.

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> [2001]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20030604075825/http://www.humaninfo.org/copyrigh.htm"> Examples of Excellent Copyright Policies</a> (on <i>humaninfo.org</i>, archived)
fr: <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20030604075825/http://www.humaninfo.org/copyrigh.htm">Examples of Excellent Copyright Policies</a> (Exemples de bonnes pratiques en matière de copyright), sur <i>humaninfo.org</i> (archivé).

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> [1999]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="https://cyber.harvard.edu/openlaw/eldredvashcroft/cyber/complaint_orig.html"> Original complaint in <cite>Eldred v. Reno</cite></a> (on <i>harvard.edu</i>)  &mdash; A lawsuit to overturn a law that extends copyright by 20 extra years.
fr: <a href="https://cyber.harvard.edu/openlaw/eldredvashcroft/cyber/complaint_orig.html">Plainte initiale dans l'affaire Eldred contre Reno</a>, <i>sur hardvard.edu</i> – Ce procès visait à annuler une loi qui rallonge la durée du copyright de 20 ans.

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> [1996]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/rms-comment-longs-article.html"> Comments on Roderick Long's Article</a> (by RMS)
fr: <a href="/philosophy/rms-comment-longs-article.html">Commentaires concernant l'article de Roderick Long</a>, par RMS

note: type: Content of: <div><h4>
en: The propaganda term &ldquo;<a href="/philosophy/words-to-avoid.html#IntellectualProperty">Intellectual Property</a>&rdquo;
fr: Le terme de propagande « <a href="/philosophy/words-to-avoid.html#IntellectualProperty">propriété intellectuelle</a> »

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> *[2004]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/not-ipr.html"> Did You Say &ldquo;Intellectual Property&rdquo;? It's a Seductive Mirage</a> (by RMS)
fr: <a href="/philosophy/not-ipr.html">Vous avez dit « propriété intellectuelle » ? Un séduisant mirage</a>, par RMS

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> [2015]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/komongistan.html"> The Curious History of Komongistan (Busting the term &ldquo;intellectual property&rdquo;)</a> (by RMS)
fr: <a href="/philosophy/komongistan.html">L'histoire étrange du Komongistan (ou comment faire voler en éclats l'expression « propriété intellectuelle »)</a>, par RMS

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> [2006]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/no-ip-ethos.html"> Don't Let &ldquo;Intellectual Property&rdquo; Twist Your Ethos</a> (by RMS)
fr: <a href="/philosophy/no-ip-ethos.html">Ne laissez pas la « propriété intellectuelle » déformer votre ethos</a>, par RMS

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> [2003]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/ipjustice.html"> Reject IP Enforcement Directive</a> &mdash; Comments on the rejection of this directive by the International Civil Liberties Coalition.
fr: <a href="/philosophy/ipjustice.html">Rejetez la directive relative au respect des droits de propriété intellectuelle</a> Commentaires sur le rejet de cette directive par la Coalition internationale des libertés civiles.

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> [2003]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/boldrin-levine.html"> Review: Boldrin and Levine, &ldquo;The Case Against Intellectual Property&rdquo;</a> (by RMS)
fr: <a href="/philosophy/boldrin-levine.html">Critique : Boldrin et Levine, « Argumentaire contre la propriété intellectuelle »</a>, par RMS

note: type: Content of: <div><h4>
en: Response to SCO's attacks
fr: Réponse aux attaques de SCO

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> [2003-2004]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/sco/sco.html"> FSF's Position regarding SCO's attacks on Free Software</a>
fr: <a href="/philosophy/sco/sco.html">Position de la FSF concernant les attaques de SCO contre le logiciel libre</a>

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> [2003]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/sco/sco-gnu-linux.html"> SCO, GNU, and Linux</a> (by RMS)  &mdash; How SCO's lawsuit against IBM pertains to the work of the GNU project.
fr: <a href="/philosophy/sco/sco-gnu-linux.html">SCO, GNU et Linux</a>, par RMS – Comment les poursuites judiciaires de SCO contre IBM sont reliées au travail du projet GNU.

note: type: Content of: <div><h3>
en: Cultural and Social Issues
fr: Enjeux culturels et sociétaux

note: type: Content of: <div><h4>
en: Digital society
fr: Société numérique

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> *[2012]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/stallmans-law.html"> Stallman's Law</a>
fr: <a href="/philosophy/stallmans-law.html">Loi de Stallman</a>

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> *[2009]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/digital-inclusion-in-freedom.html"> Is Digital Inclusion A Good Thing? How Can We Make Sure It Is?</a> (by RMS)
fr: <a href="/philosophy/digital-inclusion-in-freedom.html">L'inclusion dans le monde numérique est-elle une bonne chose ? Comment faire en sorte qu'elle le soit ?</a> par RMS

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> [2007]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/computing-progress.html"> Computing &ldquo;progress&rdquo;: good and bad</a> (by RMS)
fr: <a href="/philosophy/computing-progress.html">Le « progrès » informatique : du bon et du mauvais</a>, par RMS

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> [2003]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/wsis.html"> World Summit on the Information Society</a> (by RMS)
fr: <a href="/philosophy/wsis.html">Sommet mondial sur la société de l'information</a>, par RMS

note: type: Content of: <div><h4>
en: Digital restrictions management and treacherous computing
fr: Gestion numérique des restrictions et informatique déloyale

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> *[2006]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/opposing-drm.html"> Opposing Digital Rights Mismanagement</a> (by RMS)  &mdash; Answers to a few common questions about DRM.
fr: <a href="/philosophy/opposing-drm.html">S'opposer à la mégestion numérique des droits</a> par RMS – Réponses à quelques questions fréquentes sur les DRM.

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> *[2002]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/can-you-trust.html"> Can You Trust Your Computer?</a> (by RMS)  &mdash; About the so-called &ldquo;trusted computing&rdquo; initiatives.
fr: <a href="/philosophy/can-you-trust.html">Pouvez-vous faire confiance à votre ordinateur ?</a> par RMS – Sur les initiatives de la soi-disant « informatique de confiance ».

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> [2013]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/nonfree-games.html"> Nonfree DRM'd Games on GNU/Linux: Good or Bad?</a> (by RMS)
fr: <a href="/philosophy/nonfree-games.html">Des jeux avec DRM sur GNU/Linux : bon ou mauvais ?</a> par RMS

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> [2012]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/correcting-france-mistake.html"> Correcting My Mistake about French Law</a> (by RMS)
fr: <a href="/philosophy/correcting-france-mistake.html">Erratum sur une loi française</a> par RMS

note: type: Content of: <div><h4>
en: Network Services
fr: Services en ligne

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> *[2010-2020]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/who-does-that-server-really-serve.html"> Who does that server really serve?</a> (by RMS)
fr: <a href="/philosophy/who-does-that-server-really-serve.html">Qui ce serveur sert-il réellement ?</a> par RMS

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> [2020]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/posting-videos.html"> Posting Videos</a> (by RMS)
fr: <a href="/philosophy/posting-videos.html">Mettre des vidéos en ligne</a>

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> [2015]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/whats-wrong-with-youtube.html"> What's Wrong with YouTube</a>
fr: <a href="/philosophy/whats-wrong-with-youtube.html">Qu'y a-t-il de mal dans YouTube ?</a>

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> [2014]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/bug-nobody-allowed-to-understand.html"> The Bug Nobody is Allowed to Understand</a> (by RMS)
fr: <a href="/philosophy/bug-nobody-allowed-to-understand.html">Le bogue que personne n'est autorisé à comprendre</a>, par RMS

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> [2011]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/judge-internet-usage.html"> A wise user judges each Internet usage scenario carefully</a> (by RMS)
fr: <a href="/philosophy/judge-internet-usage.html">Un utilisateur averti évalue soigneusement les différents usages d'Internet</a>, par RMS

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> [2011]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/keep-control-of-your-computing.html"> Keep control of your computing, so it doesn't control you!</a> (by RMS)
fr: <a href="/philosophy/keep-control-of-your-computing.html">Gardez le contrôle de votre informatique, afin qu'elle ne vous contrôle pas !</a> par RMS

note: type: Content of: <div><h4>
en: Accessing culture
fr: Accès à la culture

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> *[1996-2016]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/right-to-read.html"> The Right to Read: A Dystopian Short Story</a> (by RMS)
fr: <a href="/philosophy/right-to-read.html">Le droit de lire : une courte histoire dystopique</a>, par RMS

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> [2012]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/ebooks-must-increase-freedom.html"> Ebooks must increase our freedom, not decrease it</a> (by RMS)
fr: <a href="/philosophy/ebooks-must-increase-freedom.html">Les e-books doivent nous rendre plus libres, pas moins</a>, par RMS

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> [2011]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/the-danger-of-ebooks.html"> The Danger of E-Books</a> (by RMS)
fr: <a href="/philosophy/the-danger-of-ebooks.html">Le danger des livres électroniques</a>, par RMS

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> [2010]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/technology/blog/2010/apr/06/digital-economy-bill-richard-stallman"> Digital economy bill: One clown giveth and the other clown taketh away</a> (by RMS, on <i>theguardian.com</i>)
fr: <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/technology/blog/2010/apr/06/digital-economy-bill-richard-stallman"><i>Digital economy bill: One clown giveth and the other clown taketh away</i></a> (Proposition de loi sur l'économie numérique : un clown donne et un autre clown reprend), par RMS, sur <i>theguardian.com</i>

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> [2000]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/ebooks.html"> Ebooks: Freedom Or Copyright</a> (by RMS)
fr: <a href="/philosophy/ebooks.html">Livres électroniques : liberté ou copyright</a>, par RMS

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> [2000]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/encyclopedia/free-encyclopedia.html"> The Free Universal Encyclopedia and Learning Resource</a> (by RMS)
fr: <a href="/encyclopedia/free-encyclopedia.html">Encyclopédie universelle et ressources pédagogiques libres</a>, par RMS

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> [1999]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/new-monopoly.html"> U.S. Congress Threatens to Establish a New Kind of Monopoly</a> &mdash; An attempt of the Congress to create a private monopoly over repeating publicly known information.
fr: <a href="/philosophy/new-monopoly.html">Le Congrès des États-Unis menace d'établir un nouveau type de monopole</a> – Une tentative du Congrès pour créer un monopole privé sur la répétition d'informations déjà connues du public.

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> [1999]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/stophr3028.html"> Stop H.R. 3028 - Protect the Net - Stop the Trademark Monopolists</a> (by Marc Rotenberg)
fr: <a href="/philosophy/stophr3028.html">Stoppez HR 3028 - Protégez Internet - Stoppez les monopoles des marques déposées</a>, par Marc Rotenberg

note: type: Content of: <div><h4>
en: Funding cultural works
fr: Financement des œuvres culturelles

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> [2013]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/funding-art-vs-funding-software.html"> Funding Art vs Funding Software</a> (by RMS)
fr: <a href="/philosophy/funding-art-vs-funding-software.html">Financer l'art vs financer le logiciel</a>, par RMS

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> [1992]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/dat.html"> The Right Way to Tax DAT</a> (by RMS)
fr: <a href="/philosophy/dat.html">La bonne façon de taxer les cassettes audio-numériques</a>, par RMS

note: type: Content of: <div><h4>
en: Surveillance, censorship, lock-in, etc.
fr: Surveillance, censure, verrouillage, etc.

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> *[2013&hellip;&nbsp;]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/proprietary/proprietary.html"> Proprietary Software Is Often Malware</a> &mdash; Clearly established cases of proprietary software that does nasty things to the users.
fr: <a href="/proprietary/proprietary.html">Le logiciel privateur est souvent malveillant</a> – Cas clairement établis de logiciels privateurs qui font des mauvais coups à leurs utilisateurs

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> *[2015-2019]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/surveillance-vs-democracy.html"> How Much Surveillance Can Democracy Withstand?</a> (by RMS)
fr: <a href="/philosophy/surveillance-vs-democracy.html">Quel niveau de surveillance la démocratie peut-elle endurer ?</a>, par RMS

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> [2021]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/wwworst-app-store.html"> The WWWorst App Store</a> (by Alexandre Oliva)
fr: <a href="/philosophy/wwworst-app-store.html">Un app store de la pire espèce</a>, par Alexandre Oliva

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> [2018]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/phone-anonymous-payment.html"> Anonymous Payment by Phone</a> (by RMS)
fr: <a href="/philosophy/phone-anonymous-payment.html">Paiement anonyme par téléphone</a>, par RMS

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> [2018]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2018/apr/03/facebook-abusing-data-law-privacy-big-tech-surveillance"> A radical proposal to keep your personal data safe</a> (by RMS, on <i>theguardian.com</i>)
fr: <i><a href="https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2018/apr/03/facebook-abusing-data-law-privacy-big-tech-surveillance">A radical proposal to keep your personal data safe</a></i> (une proposition radicale pour assurer la sécurité de vos données personnelles), par RMS, sur <i>theguardian.com</i>

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> [2018]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/surveillance-testimony.html"> Surveillance Testimony</a> (by RMS)
fr: <a href="/philosophy/surveillance-testimony.html">Témoignage sur la surveillance</a>, par RMS

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> [2012]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/ubuntu-spyware.html"> Ubuntu Spyware: What to Do?</a> (by RMS)
fr: <a href="/philosophy/ubuntu-spyware.html">Un logiciel espion dans Ubuntu ! Que faire ?</a> par RMS

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> [2009]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/microsoft.html"> Is Microsoft the Great Satan?</a> [<a href="/philosophy/microsoft-old.html">older version</a>]
fr: <a href="/philosophy/microsoft.html">Microsoft est-il le Grand Satan ?</a> [<a href="/philosophy/microsoft-old.html">version plus ancienne</a>]

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> [2008]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/the-root-of-this-problem.html"> The Problem Is Software Controlled By Its Developer</a> (by RMS)
fr: <a href="/philosophy/the-root-of-this-problem.html">Le problème est le logiciel contrôlé par son développeur</a>, par RMS

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> [2008]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/gates.html"> It's not the Gates, it's the bars</a> (by RMS)
fr: <a href="/philosophy/gates.html">Ce ne sont pas des barrières mais une prison</a>, par RMS

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> [2002]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/wassenaar.html"> The Wassenaar Arrangement</a> &mdash; Encryption software volunteers needed in countries without export control.
fr: <a href="/philosophy/wassenaar.html">L'arrangement de Wassenaar</a> – On recherche des bénévoles de la cryptographie logicielle dans des pays sans contrôle des exportations.

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> [2002]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/ms-doj-tunney.html"> FSF's Statement in Response to Proposed Revised Final Judgment in <cite>Microsoft v. United States</cite></a>
fr: <a href="/philosophy/ms-doj-tunney.html">Déclaration de la FSF en réponse à la proposition de jugement définitif révisé dans le procès Microsoft contre les États-Unis</a>

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> [2000]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/microsoft-verdict.html"> On the Microsoft Verdict</a>
fr: <a href="/philosophy/microsoft-verdict.html">À propos du verdict Microsoft</a>

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> [1999]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/microsoft-antitrust.html"> The Microsoft Antitrust Trial and Free Software</a>
fr: <a href="/philosophy/microsoft-antitrust.html">Le procès antitrust contre Microsoft, propositions de la FSF</a>

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> [1996]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/privacyaction.html"> Protect Postal Privacy</a> (by Kathleen Ellis)  &mdash; A campaign to resist the proposed rule by the United States Postal Service to collect private information from customers.
fr: <a href="/philosophy/privacyaction.html">Protégeons l'anonymat postal</a>, par Kathleen Ellis – Une campagne d'opposition à une proposition de règlement du Service postal des États-Unis visant à collecter des informations privées sur ses clients.

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> [1996]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/basic-freedoms.html"> Freedoms of Speech, Press, and Association</a> &mdash; How to protect these freedoms on the Internet.
fr: <a href="/philosophy/basic-freedoms.html">Libertés d'expression, de la presse et d'association sur Internet</a> – Comment protéger ces libertés sur Internet.

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> [1996]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/censoring-emacs.html"> Censoring My Software</a> (by RMS)
fr: <a href="/philosophy/censoring-emacs.html">Je censure mes logiciels</a>, par RMS.

note: type: Content of: <div><h3>
en: Terminology and Definitions
fr: Terminologie et définitions

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> *[1996&hellip;&nbsp;]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/words-to-avoid.html"> Words to Avoid (or Use with Care) Because They Are Loaded or Confusing</a>
fr: <a href="/philosophy/words-to-avoid.html">Mots à éviter ou à utiliser avec précaution, car connotés ou prêtant à confusion</a>

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> [1999&hellip;&nbsp;]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/fs-translations.html"> Translations of the term &ldquo;free software&rdquo;</a> into various languages.
fr: <a href="/philosophy/fs-translations.html">Traductions du terme <i>free software</i></a> en diverses langues.

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> [1996-2019]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/categories.html"> Categories of Free and Nonfree Software</a>
fr: <a href="/philosophy/categories.html">Catégories de logiciels libres et non libres</a>

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> [2013]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/why-call-it-the-swindle.html"> Why Call It The Swindle?</a> (by RMS)
fr: <a href="/philosophy/why-call-it-the-swindle.html">Pourquoi l'appeler le <i>Swindle</i> (l'arnaque)</a>, par RMS

note: #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> [2002]</span>' #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
en: <a href="/philosophy/wipo-PublicAwarenessOfCopyright-2002.html"> Public Awareness of Copyright, WIPO, June 2002</a> (by RMS)  &mdash; How WIPO recognizes that their system is designed to restrict the public, and how they propose to modify terminology so that people won't notice.
fr: <a href="/philosophy/wipo-PublicAwarenessOfCopyright-2002.html">Sensibilisation du public au droit d'auteur, OMPI juin 2002</a>, par RMS – Où l'OMPI reconnaît que son système est conçu pour imposer des restrictions au public et propose de modifier la terminologie pour que les gens ne s'en rendent pas compte.

note: type: Content of: <div><div><p>
en: Please send general FSF &amp; GNU inquiries to <a href="mailto:gnu@gnu.org">&lt;gnu@gnu.org&gt;</a>.  There are also <a href="/contact/">other ways to contact</a> the FSF.  Broken links and other corrections or suggestions can be sent to <a href="mailto:webmasters@gnu.org">&lt;webmasters@gnu.org&gt;</a>.
fr: Veuillez envoyer les requêtes concernant la FSF et GNU à &lt;<a href="mailto:gnu@gnu.org">gnu@gnu.org</a>&gt;. Il existe aussi <a href="/contact/">d'autres moyens de contacter</a> la FSF. Les liens orphelins et autres corrections ou suggestions peuvent être signalés à &lt;<a href="mailto:webmasters@gnu.org">webmasters@gnu.org</a>&gt;.

note: TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph, replace it with the translation of these two: We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality translations.  However, we are not exempt from imperfection. Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard to <a hr
en: Please see the <a href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations README</a> for information on coordinating and contributing translations of this article.
fr: Merci d'adresser vos commentaires sur les pages en français à &lt;<a href="mailto:trad-gnu@april.org">trad-gnu@april.org</a>&gt;, et sur les traductions en général à &lt;<a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org">web-translators@gnu.org</a>&gt;. Si vous souhaitez y contribuer, vous trouverez dans le <a href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">guide de traduction</a> les infos nécessaires.

note: type: Content of: <div><p>
en: This page is licensed under a <a rel="license" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License</a>.
fr: Cette page peut être utilisée suivant les conditions de la licence <a rel="license" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/deed.fr">Creative Commons attribution, pas de modification, 4.0 internationale (CC BY-ND 4.0)</a>.

note: TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits. type: Content of: <div><div>
en: *GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S CREDITS*
fr: Traduction : Odile Bénassy<br />Révision : <a href="mailto:trad-gnu@april.org">trad-gnu@april.org</a>

note: timestamp start type: Content of: <div><p>
en: Updated:
fr: Dernière mise à jour :
