fighting-software-patents.html - en to zh_CN translation catalogue (16 entries)

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en: Fighting Software Patents - Singly and Together - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation
zh_CN: 与软件专利作斗争 - 个别斗争与总体斗争 - GNU 工程 - 自由软件基金会

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en: Fighting Software Patents - Singly and Together
zh_CN: 与软件专利作斗争 - 个别斗争与总体斗争

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en: by Richard Stallman
zh_CN: Richard Stallman 著

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en: Software patents are the software project equivalent of land mines: each design decision carries a risk of stepping on a patent, which can destroy your project.
zh_CN: 软件专利就像地雷一样：你的每个设计决策都存在踩踏到专利的风险，这可能会毁掉你的项目。

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en: Developing a large and complex program means combining many ideas, often hundreds or thousands of them. In a country that allows software patents, chances are that some substantial fraction of the ideas in your program will be patented already by various companies.  Perhaps hundreds of patents will cover parts of your program. A study in 2004 found almost 300 US patents that covered various parts of a single important program. It is so much work to do such a study that only one has been done.
zh_CN: 要开发一个庞大而复杂的程序，意味将许多想法&mdash;&mdash;通常是成百上千个&mdash;&mdash;结合在一起。在允许软件专利的国家，你的程序中的一些想法很可能已经被多家公司申请了专利，也许你程序的一部分将被数百项专利覆盖。2004 年的一项研究发现，单个重大程序的各个部分可能会被近 300 项美国专利覆盖。做这样的研究工作量很大，所以只完成了一项此类研究。

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en: Practically speaking, if you are a software developer, you will usually be threatened by one patent at a time. When this happens, you may be able to escape unscathed if you find legal grounds to overturn the patent. You may as well try it; if you succeed, that will mean one less mine in the mine field. If this patent is particularly threatening to the public, the <a href="https://wiki.endsoftwarepatents.org/wiki/Public_Patent_Foundation"> Public Patent Foundation</a> may take up the case; that is its specialty. If you ask for the computer-using community's help in searching for prior publication of the same idea, to use as evidence to overturn a patent, we should all respond with whatever useful information we might have.
zh_CN: 实际上，如果你是一名软件开发者，你往往会一次受到一项专利的威胁。发生这种情况时，如果你找到推翻这项专利的法律依据，也许能够毫发无损地逃脱。不妨尝试一下；如果你成功了，就意味着雷区里少了一个地雷。如果这项专利特别对公众构成威胁，<a href="https://wiki.endsoftwarepatents.org/wiki/Public_Patent_Foundation">公共专利基金会</a>可能会受理此案；这是它的专长。如果你向计算机用户社区求助，希望帮忙搜索相同想法的先前出版物，以用作推翻专利的证据，我们都会倾尽任何所知的有用信息以相助。

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en: However, fighting patents one by one will never eliminate the danger of software patents, any more than swatting mosquitos will eliminate malaria. You cannot expect to defeat every patent that comes at you, any more than you can expect to kill every monster in a video game: sooner or later, one is going to defeat you and damage your program.  The US patent office issues around a hundred thousand software patents each year; our best efforts could never clear these mines as fast as they plant more.
zh_CN: 然而，一项一项地与专利作斗争永远不会消除软件专利的危险，正如不能靠扑杀蚊子来消除疟疾一样。你不能指望击败你遇到的每一项专利，正如你不能指望杀死电子游戏中的每一个怪物：迟早有一天，会有人击败你并毁掉你的程序。美国专利局每年公布约十万个软件专利；我们即使尽了最大努力，清除地雷的速度也永远赶不上他们埋置地雷的速度。

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en: Some of these mines are impossible to clear. Every software patent is harmful, and every software patent unjustly restricts how you use your computer, but not every software patent is legally invalid according to the patent system's criteria. The software patents we can overturn are those that result from &ldquo;mistakes,&rdquo; where the patent system's rules were not properly carried out. There is nothing we can do when the only relevant mistake was the policy of allowing software patents.
zh_CN: 其中一些地雷是不可能清除的。尽管每一项软件专利都是有害的、每一项软件专利都会不公正地限制你对计算机的使用，但根据专利制度的标准，并非每项软件专利都是在法律上无效的。我们可以推翻的软件专利是那些由&ldquo;错误,&rdquo;导致的、不符合专利制度规则的专利。但当允许软件专利这一政策本身是唯一的错误时，我们无能为力。

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en: To make a part of the castle safe, you've got to do more than kill the monsters as they appear&mdash;you have to wipe out the generator that produces them. Overturning existing patents one by one will not make programming safe. To do that, we have to change the patent system so that patents can no longer threaten software developers and users.
zh_CN: 为了保护城堡的安全，你要做的不仅仅是在怪物出现时杀死它们&mdash;&mdash;你必须毁掉刷出怪物的生成器。一项一项地推翻现有专利不能保证编程的安全。为此，我们必须改变专利制度，让专利不再威胁软件开发者和用户。

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en: There is no conflict between these two campaigns: we can work on the short-term escape and the long-term fix at once. If we take care, we can make our efforts to overturn individual software patents do double duty, building support for efforts to correct the whole problem. The crucial point is not to equate &ldquo;bad&rdquo; software patents with mistaken or invalid software patents. Each time we invalidate one software patent, each time we talk about our plans to try, we should say in no uncertain terms, &ldquo;One less software patent, one less menace to programmers: the target is zero.&rdquo;
zh_CN: 这两种运动之间没有冲突：我们可以同时进行短期躲避和长期修复。如果我们谨慎行事，推翻个别软件专利的努力可以一石二鸟，支持我们纠正制度问题的努力。关键在于，不要将&ldquo;坏的&rdquo;软件专利等同于错误或无效的软件专利。每当推翻一项软件专利、每当谈论我们的计划时，我们都应该毫不含糊地说：&ldquo;少一个软件专利，就少一个对程序员的威胁：我们的目标是清零。&rdquo;

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en: The battle over software patents in the European Union is reaching a crucial stage. The European Parliament voted a year ago to reject software patents conclusively. In May, the Council of Ministers voted to undo the Parliament's amendments and make the directive even worse than when it started. However, at least one country that supported this has already reversed its vote. We must all do our utmost right now to convince an additional European country to change its vote, and to convince the newly elected members of the European Parliament to stand behind the previous vote. Please refer to <a href="https://ffii.org/">ffii.org</a> for more information on how to help, and to get in touch with other activists.
zh_CN: 欧盟的软件专利之争正进入关键阶段。欧洲议会一年前投票决定否决软件专利。5 月，部长理事会投票决定撤销议会的修正案，使得该指令比开始时更糟。然而，至少有一个支持否决软件专利的国家已经推翻了投票。我们现在必须尽最大努力让其他欧洲国家改变投票，并说服新当选的欧洲议会议员支持先前的投票。请访问 <a href="https://ffii.org/">ffii.org</a> 以获取有关如何提供帮助以及与其他活动家联系的更多信息。

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en: Please send general FSF &amp; GNU inquiries to <a href="mailto:gnu@gnu.org">&lt;gnu@gnu.org&gt;</a>.  There are also <a href="/contact/">other ways to contact</a> the FSF.  Broken links and other corrections or suggestions can be sent to <a href="mailto:webmasters@gnu.org">&lt;webmasters@gnu.org&gt;</a>.
zh_CN: 请将有关自由软件基金会(FSF) &amp; GNU 的查询 &amp; 问题发送到<a href="mailto:gnu@gnu.org">&lt;gnu@gnu.org&gt;</a>。也可以通过 <a href="/contact/">其他联系方法</a> 联系自由软件基金会(FSF)。发现任何错误和链接或其它需要更正的地方（或任何建议），请发送邮件至 <a href="mailto:webmasters@gnu.org">&lt;webmasters@gnu.org&gt;</a>。

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en: Please see the <a href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations README</a> for information on coordinating and contributing translations of this article.
zh_CN: 我们尽最大努力来提供精准和高质量的翻译，但难免会存在错误和不足。如果您在这方面有评论或一般性的建议，请发送至 <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org">&lt;web-translators@gnu.org&gt;</a>。</p><p>关于进行协调与提交翻译的更多信息参见 <a href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">《译者指南》</a>。

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en: This page is licensed under a <a rel="license" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License</a>.
zh_CN: 本页面采用 <a rel="license" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License</a> 许可证授权。

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en: *GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S CREDITS*
zh_CN: <b>翻译</b>：<a href="mailto:jl-shi@outlook.com">&lt;SHI Jiale（石佳乐）&gt;</a>，2021。<br></br>
    <b>翻译团队</b>：<a rel="team" href="https://savannah.gnu.org/projects/www-zh-cn/">&lt;CTT&gt;</a>，2021。

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