en to zh_CN translation catalogue (16 entries)

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en: Technological Neutrality and Free Software - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation
zh_CN: 技术中立和自由软件 - GNU 工程 - 自由软件基金会

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en: Technological Neutrality and Free Software
zh_CN: 技术中立和自由软件

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en: by <a href="https://www.stallman.org/">Richard Stallman</a>
zh_CN: <a href="https://www.stallman.org/">Richard Stallman</a> 著

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en: Proprietary developers arguing against laws to move towards free software often claim this violates the principle of &ldquo;technological neutrality.&rdquo; The conclusion is wrong, but where is the error?
zh_CN: 专有开发者反对立法倾向于自由软件时经常争辩说这样做违反了 &ldquo;技术中立&rdquo; 的原则。这个结论是错的，但是错在哪里呢？

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en: Technological neutrality is the principle that the state should not impose preferences for or against specific kinds of technology.  For example, there should not be a rule that specifies whether state agencies should use solid state memory or magnetic disks, or whether they should use GNU/Linux or BSD.  Rather, the agency should let bidders propose any acceptable technology as part of their solutions, and choose the best/cheapest offer by the usual rules.
zh_CN: 技术中立是一个原则，它说政府不应该对具体技术强加好恶。例如，条例不应该规定政府机构应该使用固态存储器还是磁盘，也不应该指定使用 GNU/Linux 或者 BSD。反过来，政府机构应该让投标者提议他们可行的技术方案，并按照通行的规则选出最优或者最经济的合同。

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en: The principle of technological neutrality is valid, but it has limits.  Some kinds of technology are harmful; they may pollute air or water, encourage antibiotic resistance, abuse their users, abuse the workers that make them, or cause massive unemployment.  These should be taxed, regulated, discouraged, or even banned.
zh_CN: 技术中立原则是合理的，但是有其局限。有些技术是有害的；它们可能会污染空气或污染水、强化抗药性、伤害使用者、伤害生产者或者导致大量人失业。这些技术应当被征税、规范、限制乃至禁止。

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en: The principle of technological neutrality applies only to purely technical decisions.  It is not &ldquo;ethical neutrality&rdquo; or &ldquo;social neutrality&rdquo;; it does not apply to decisions about ethical and social issues&mdash;such as the choice between free software and proprietary software.
zh_CN: 技术中立原则仅适用于单纯的技术决定。它不是 &ldquo;道德中立&rdquo;，也不是 &ldquo;社会中立&rdquo;；它不适用于道德和社会问题的决策&mdash;&mdash;比如在自由软件和专有软件之间做选择。

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en: For instance, when the state adopts a policy of migrating to free software in order to restore the computing sovereignty of the country and lead the people towards freedom and cooperation, this isn't a technical preference.  This is an ethical, social and political policy, not a technological policy.  The state is not supposed to be neutral about maintaining the people's freedom or encouraging cooperation.  It is not supposed to be neutral about maintaining or recovering its sovereignty.
zh_CN: 举例来说，当政府为了国家的计算主权采取了迁移到自由软件的政策，并领导人民走向自由与合作；这就不是一个技术偏好。这是一个道德的、社会的和政治的政策，不是技术政策。政府在维护人民的自由或鼓励人民合作方面不应该是中立的。它在维护或恢复主权方面也不应该是中立的。

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en: It is the state's duty to insist that the software in its public agencies respect the computing sovereignty of the country, and that the software taught in its schools educate its students in freedom and cooperation.  The state must insist on free software, exclusively, in <a href="/philosophy/government-free-software.html">public agencies</a> and in <a href="/education/edu-schools.html"> education</a>.  The state has the responsibility to maintain control of its computing, so it must not surrender that control to <a href="/philosophy/who-does-that-server-really-serve.html">Service as a Software Substitute</a>.  In addition, the <a href="/philosophy/surveillance-vs-democracy.html">state must not reveal to companies the personal data</a> that it maintains about citizens.
zh_CN: 政府的职责包括坚持政府公众机构的软件尊重国家的计算主权，包括坚持学校教授学生的软件教育学生自由与合作。政府在 <a href="/philosophy/government-free-software.html">公众机构</a> 和 <a href="/education/edu-schools.html">教育领域</a> 必须坚持自由软件，而且只允许自由软件。政府有责任保持对其计算的掌控，因此它绝不能用 <a href="/philosophy/who-does-that-server-really-serve.html">服务替代软件</a> 的方式交出控制权。此外，政府保有公民的个人信息，<a href="/philosophy/surveillance-vs-democracy.html">它也绝不能向公司透露个人数据</a>。

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en: When no ethical imperatives apply to a certain technical decision, it can be left to the domain of technological neutrality.
zh_CN: 当某些技术决定没有必须考虑的道德因素时，它们可以放到技术中立的框架下考虑。

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en: Please send general FSF &amp; GNU inquiries to <a href="mailto:gnu@gnu.org">&lt;gnu@gnu.org&gt;</a>.  There are also <a href="/contact/">other ways to contact</a> the FSF.  Broken links and other corrections or suggestions can be sent to <a href="mailto:webmasters@gnu.org">&lt;webmasters@gnu.org&gt;</a>.
zh_CN: 请将对FSF&amp;GNU的一般询问发送到<a href="mailto:gnu@gnu.org">&lt;gnu@gnu.org&gt;</a>。还有一些其他联系FSF的<a href="/contact/">方式</a>。关于链接错误和&ldquo;其他更正或建议&rdquo;请发信到<a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org">&lt;web-translators@gnu.org&gt;</a>。

note: TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph, replace it with the translation of these two: We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality translations.  However, we are not exempt from imperfection. Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard to <a hr
en: Please see the <a href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations README</a> for information on coordinating and contributing translations of this article.
zh_CN: 我们尽最大努力来提供精准和高质量的翻译，但难免会存在错误和不足。如果您在这方面有评论或一般性的建议，请发送至 <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org">&lt;web-translators@gnu.org&gt;</a>。</p><p>关于进行协调与提交翻译的更多信息参见 <a href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">《译者指南》</a>。

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en: Copyright &copy; 2014, 2021 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
zh_CN: Copyright &copy; 2014, 2021 Free Software Foundation, Inc.<br></br>Copyright &copy; 2024 XIE Wensheng (translation)

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en: This page is licensed under a <a rel="license" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License</a>.
zh_CN: 本页面使用 <a rel="license" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License</a> 授权。

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en: *GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S CREDITS*
zh_CN: <b>翻译团队</b>：<a rel="team" href="//savannah.gnu.org/projects/www-zh-cn/">&lt;CTT&gt;</a>，2022，2024。

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en: Updated:
zh_CN: 最后更新：
