# Polish translation of https://philosophy/words-to-avoid.html
# Copyright (C) 2001 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
# This file is distributed under the same license as the original page.
# < 2001 ?
# Wojciech Kotwica, 2001, 2002.
# July 2019: GNUNify.
#
msgid ""
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: words-to-avoid.html\n"
"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-11-23 03:26+0000\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: \n"
"Last-Translator: Wojciech Kotwica <wkotwica@post.pl>\n"
"Language-Team: Polish <www-pl-trans@gnu.org>\n"
"Language: pl\n"
"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
"Outdated-Since: 2002-04-22 08:04\n"

#. type: Content of: <title>
# | [-Confusing-]Words [-and Phrases that are Worth Avoiding-] {+to Avoid (or
# | Use with Care) Because They Are Loaded or Confusing+} - GNU Project - Free
# | Software Foundation
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "Confusing Words and Phrases that are Worth Avoiding - GNU Project - Free "
#| "Software Foundation"
msgid ""
"Words to Avoid (or Use with Care) Because They Are Loaded or Confusing - GNU "
"Project - Free Software Foundation"
msgstr ""
"Mylące słowa i&nbsp;sformułowania, których lepiej unikać - Projekt GNU - "
"Fundacja Wolnego Oprogramowania"

#. type: Content of: <div><h2>
# | [-Some Confusing or Loaded-]Words [-and Phrases that are Worth Avoiding-]
# | {+to Avoid (or Use with Care) Because They Are Loaded or Confusing+}
#, fuzzy
#| msgid "Some Confusing or Loaded Words and Phrases that are Worth Avoiding"
msgid "Words to Avoid (or Use with Care) Because They Are Loaded or Confusing"
msgstr ""
"Mylące lub&nbsp;nacechowane słowa i&nbsp;sformułowania, których lepiej unikać"

#. type: Content of: <div><p>
# | There are a number of words and phrases [-which-] {+that+} we recommend
# | avoiding, [-either because they-] {+or avoiding in certain contexts and
# | usages.  Some+} are ambiguous or [-because they imply an opinion-]
# | {+misleading; others presuppose a viewpoint+} that we {+disagree with, and
# | we+} hope you [-may not entirely agree with.-] {+disagree with it too.+}
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "There are a number of words and phrases which we recommend avoiding, "
#| "either because they are ambiguous or because they imply an opinion that "
#| "we hope you may not entirely agree with."
msgid ""
"There are a number of words and phrases that we recommend avoiding, or "
"avoiding in certain contexts and usages.  Some are ambiguous or misleading; "
"others presuppose a viewpoint that we disagree with, and we hope you "
"disagree with it too."
msgstr ""
"Jest kilka wyrazów i&nbsp;sformułowań, których radzimy unikać, albo dlatego "
"że&nbsp;są niejednoznaczne, albo gdyż sugerują słuszność poglądów, z&nbsp;"
"którymi zapewne, mamy nadzieję, nie w&nbsp;pełni się zgadzacie."

#.  GNUN-SORT-START 
#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid "&ldquo;<a href=\"#Ad-blocker\">Ad-blocker</a>&rdquo; |"
msgstr ""

#.  GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM 
#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid "&ldquo;<a href=\"#Access\">Access</a>&rdquo; |"
msgstr ""

#.  GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM 
#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid "&ldquo;<a href=\"#Alternative\">Alternative</a>&rdquo; |"
msgstr ""

#.  GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM 
#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
# | &ldquo;<a [-href=\"#Protection\">Protection</a>&rdquo;-]
# | {+href=\"#ArtificialIntelligence\">Artificial Intelligence</a>&rdquo;+} |
#, fuzzy
#| msgid "&ldquo;<a href=\"#Protection\">Protection</a>&rdquo; |"
msgid ""
"&ldquo;<a href=\"#ArtificialIntelligence\">Artificial Intelligence</"
"a>&rdquo; |"
msgstr "&bdquo;<a href=\"#Protection\">Ochrona</a>&rdquo;&nbsp;|"

#.  GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM 
#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid "&ldquo;<a href=\"#Assets\">Assets</a>&rdquo; |"
msgstr ""

#.  GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM 
#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid "&ldquo;<a href=\"#BSD-style\">BSD-style</a>&rdquo; |"
msgstr "&bdquo;<!--BSD--><a href=\"#BSD-style\">Typu BSD</a>&rdquo;&nbsp;|"

#.  GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM 
#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid "&ldquo;<a href=\"#Closed\">Closed</a>&rdquo; |"
msgstr ""

#.  GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM 
#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid "&ldquo;<a href=\"#CloudComputing\">Cloud Computing</a>&rdquo; |"
msgstr ""

#.  GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM 
#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid "&ldquo;<a href=\"#Commercial\">Commercial</a>&rdquo; |"
msgstr ""
"&bdquo;<a href=\"#Commercial\">Komercyjny (commercial)</a>&rdquo;&nbsp;|"

#.  GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM 
#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid "&ldquo;<a href=\"#Compensation\">Compensation</a>&rdquo; |"
msgstr ""

#.  GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM 
#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid "&ldquo;<a href=\"#Consume\">Consume</a>&rdquo; |"
msgstr ""

#.  GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM 
#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid "&ldquo;<a href=\"#Consumer\">Consumer</a>&rdquo; |"
msgstr ""

#.  GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM 
#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid "&ldquo;<a href=\"#Content\">Content</a>&rdquo; |"
msgstr ""

#.  GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM 
#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid "&ldquo;<a href=\"#CopyrightOwner\">Copyright Owner</a>&rdquo; |"
msgstr ""

#.  GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM 
#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid ""
"&ldquo;<a href=\"#CreativeCommonsLicensed\">Creative Commons licensed</"
"a>&rdquo; |"
msgstr ""

#.  GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM 
#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid "&ldquo;<a href=\"#Creator\">Creator</a>&rdquo; |"
msgstr "&bdquo;<a href=\"#Creator\">Twórca</a>&rdquo;&nbsp;|"

#.  GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM 
#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid "&ldquo;<a href=\"#DigitalGoods\">Digital Goods</a>&rdquo; |"
msgstr ""

#.  GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM 
#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid "&ldquo;<a href=\"#DigitalLocks\">Digital Locks</a>&rdquo; |"
msgstr ""

#.  GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM 
#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid ""
"&ldquo;<a href=\"#DigitalRightsManagement\">Digital Rights Management</"
"a>&rdquo; |"
msgstr ""
"&bdquo;<a href=\"#DigitalRightsManagement\">Zarządzanie&nbsp;Prawami&nbsp;"
"Cyfrowymi (Digital&nbsp;Rights&nbsp;Management)</a>&rdquo;"

#.  GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM 
#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid "&ldquo;<a href=\"#Ecosystem\">Ecosystem</a>&rdquo; |"
msgstr ""

#.  GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM 
#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid "&ldquo;<a href=\"#FLOSS\">FLOSS</a>&rdquo; |"
msgstr ""

#.  GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM 
#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid "&ldquo;<a href=\"#ForFree\">For free</a>&rdquo; |"
msgstr ""
"&bdquo;<!--darno--><a href=\"#ForFree\">Za&nbsp;darmo (for&nbsp;free)</"
"a>&rdquo;&nbsp;|"

#.  GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM 
#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid "&ldquo;<a href=\"#FOSS\">FOSS</a>&rdquo; |"
msgstr ""

#.  GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM 
#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid "&ldquo;<a href=\"#FreelyAvailable\">Freely available</a>&rdquo; |"
msgstr ""

#.  GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM 
#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
# | &ldquo;<a [-href=\"#ForFree\">For free</a>&rdquo;-]
# | {+href=\"#Freemium\">Freemium</a>&rdquo;+} |
#, fuzzy
#| msgid "&ldquo;<a href=\"#ForFree\">For free</a>&rdquo; |"
msgid "&ldquo;<a href=\"#Freemium\">Freemium</a>&rdquo; |"
msgstr ""
"&bdquo;<!--darno--><a href=\"#ForFree\">Za&nbsp;darmo (for&nbsp;free)</"
"a>&rdquo;&nbsp;|"

#.  GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM 
#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
# | &ldquo;<a [-href=\"#Freeware\">Freeware</a>&rdquo;-]
# | {+href=\"#FreeToPlay\">Free-to-play</a>&rdquo;+} |
#, fuzzy
#| msgid "&ldquo;<a href=\"#Freeware\">Freeware</a>&rdquo; |"
msgid "&ldquo;<a href=\"#FreeToPlay\">Free-to-play</a>&rdquo; |"
msgstr "&bdquo;<a href=\"#Freeware\">Freeware</a>&rdquo;&nbsp;|"

#.  GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM 
#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid "&ldquo;<a href=\"#Freeware\">Freeware</a>&rdquo; |"
msgstr "&bdquo;<a href=\"#Freeware\">Freeware</a>&rdquo;&nbsp;|"

#.  GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM 
#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid "&ldquo;<a href=\"#GiveAwaySoftware\">Give away software</a>&rdquo; |"
msgstr ""
"&bdquo;<a href=\"#GiveAwaySoftware\">Rozdawać&nbsp;programy</a>&rdquo;&nbsp;|"

#.  GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM 
#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid "&ldquo;<a href=\"#Google\">Google</a>&rdquo; |"
msgstr ""

#.  GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM 
#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid "&ldquo;<a href=\"#Hacker\">Hacker</a>&rdquo; |"
msgstr ""

#.  GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM 
#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid ""
"&ldquo;<a href=\"#IntellectualProperty\">Intellectual property</a>&rdquo; |"
msgstr ""
"&bdquo;<a href=\"#IntellectualProperty\">Własność&nbsp;intelektualna "
"(intellectual&nbsp;property)</a>&rdquo;&nbsp;|"

#.  GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM 
#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid "&ldquo;<a href=\"#InternetofThings\">Internet of Things</a>&rdquo; |"
msgstr ""

#.  GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM 
#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid "&ldquo;<a href=\"#LAMP\">LAMP system</a>&rdquo; |"
msgstr ""

#.  GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM 
#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid "&ldquo;<a href=\"#Linux\">Linux system</a>&rdquo; |"
msgstr ""

#.  GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM 
#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid "&ldquo;<a href=\"#Market\">Market</a>&rdquo; |"
msgstr ""

#.  GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM 
#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
# | &ldquo;<a [-href=\"#Creator\">Creator</a>&rdquo;-]
# | {+href=\"#Modern\">Modern</a>&rdquo;+} |
#, fuzzy
#| msgid "&ldquo;<a href=\"#Creator\">Creator</a>&rdquo; |"
msgid "&ldquo;<a href=\"#Modern\">Modern</a>&rdquo; |"
msgstr "&bdquo;<a href=\"#Creator\">Twórca</a>&rdquo;&nbsp;|"

#.  GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM 
#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid "&ldquo;<a href=\"#Monetize\">Monetize</a>&rdquo; |"
msgstr ""

#.  GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM 
#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid "&ldquo;<a href=\"#MP3Player\">MP3 player</a>&rdquo; |"
msgstr ""

#.  GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM 
#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid "&ldquo;<a href=\"#Open\">Open</a>&rdquo; |"
msgstr ""

#.  GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM 
#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
# | &ldquo;<a [-href=\"#Theft\">Theft</a>&rdquo;-] {+href=\"#OptOut\">Opt
# | out</a>&rdquo;+} |
#, fuzzy
#| msgid "&ldquo;<a href=\"#Theft\">Theft</a>&rdquo; |"
msgid "&ldquo;<a href=\"#OptOut\">Opt out</a>&rdquo; |"
msgstr "&bdquo;<a href=\"#Theft\">Kradzież</a>&rdquo;&nbsp;|"

#.  GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM 
#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid "&ldquo;<a href=\"#PC\">PC</a>&rdquo; |"
msgstr ""

#.  GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM 
#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid "&ldquo;<a href=\"#Photoshop\">Photoshop</a>&rdquo; |"
msgstr ""

#.  GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM 
#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid "&ldquo;<a href=\"#Piracy\">Piracy</a>&rdquo; |"
msgstr "&bdquo;<a href=\"#Piracy\">Piractwo</a>&rdquo;&nbsp;|"

#.  GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM 
#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
# | &ldquo;<a [-href=\"#Piracy\">Piracy</a>&rdquo;-]
# | {+href=\"#Players\">Players (said of businesses)</a>&rdquo;+} |
#, fuzzy
#| msgid "&ldquo;<a href=\"#Piracy\">Piracy</a>&rdquo; |"
msgid "&ldquo;<a href=\"#Players\">Players (said of businesses)</a>&rdquo; |"
msgstr "&bdquo;<a href=\"#Piracy\">Piractwo</a>&rdquo;&nbsp;|"

#.  GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM 
#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid "&ldquo;<a href=\"#PowerPoint\">PowerPoint</a>&rdquo; |"
msgstr ""

#.  GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM 
#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid "&ldquo;<a href=\"#Product\">Product</a>&rdquo; |"
msgstr ""

#.  GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM 
#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid "&ldquo;<a href=\"#Protection\">Protection</a>&rdquo; |"
msgstr "&bdquo;<a href=\"#Protection\">Ochrona</a>&rdquo;&nbsp;|"

#.  GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM 
#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid "&ldquo;<a href=\"#RAND\">RAND</a>&rdquo; |"
msgstr ""

#.  GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM 
#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid "&ldquo;<a href=\"#SaaS\">SaaS</a>&rdquo; |"
msgstr ""

#.  GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM 
#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid "&ldquo;<a href=\"#SellSoftware\">Sell software</a>&rdquo; |"
msgstr ""
"&bdquo;<a href=\"#SellSoftware\">Sprzedawać&nbsp;programy (sell&nbsp;"
"software)</a>&rdquo;&nbsp;|"

#.  GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM 
#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid ""
"&ldquo;<a href=\"#SharingPersonalData\">Sharing (personal data)</a>&rdquo; |"
msgstr ""

#.  GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM 
#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid "&ldquo;<a href=\"#SharingEconomy\">Sharing economy</a>&rdquo; |"
msgstr ""

#.  GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM 
#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid "&ldquo;<a href=\"#Skype\">Skype</a>&rdquo; |"
msgstr ""

#.  GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM 
#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
# | &ldquo;<a [-href=\"#Creator\">Creator</a>&rdquo;-]
# | {+href=\"#SmartSpeaker\">Smart speaker</a>&rdquo;+} |
#, fuzzy
#| msgid "&ldquo;<a href=\"#Creator\">Creator</a>&rdquo; |"
msgid "&ldquo;<a href=\"#SmartSpeaker\">Smart speaker</a>&rdquo; |"
msgstr "&bdquo;<a href=\"#Creator\">Twórca</a>&rdquo;&nbsp;|"

#.  GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM 
#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid "&ldquo;<a href=\"#SoftwareIndustry\">Software Industry</a>&rdquo; |"
msgstr ""

#.  GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM 
#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid "&ldquo;<a href=\"#SourceModel\">Source model</a>&rdquo; |"
msgstr ""

#.  GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM 
#. #if expr="$LANGUAGE_SUFFIX	= /^.(es)$/" 
#.  TRANSLATORS: translate if this word is used often in your
#.      language to refer to mobile computers; otherwise,
#.      fill the translation with a space. 
#.  GNUN-SORT-BEGIN-KEY 
#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid "&ldquo;<a href=\"#Terminal\">Terminal</a>&rdquo; |"
msgstr ""

#.  GNUN-SORT-END-KEY 
#. #endif
#.  
#.  GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM 
#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid "&ldquo;<a href=\"#Theft\">Theft</a>&rdquo; |"
msgstr "&bdquo;<a href=\"#Theft\">Kradzież</a>&rdquo;&nbsp;|"

#.  GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM 
#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid "&ldquo;<a href=\"#TrustedComputing\">Trusted Computing</a>&rdquo; |"
msgstr ""

#.  GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM 
#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid "&ldquo;<a href=\"#Vendor\">Vendor</a>&rdquo;"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid ""
"Also note <a href=\"/philosophy/categories.html\">Categories of Free "
"Software</a>, <a href=\"/philosophy/why-call-it-the-swindle.html\">Why Call "
"It The Swindle?</a>"
msgstr ""
"Zobacz też <a href=\"/philosophy/categories.html\">Kategorie wolnego "
"oprogramowania</a> i&nbsp;<a href=\"/philosophy/why-call-it-the-swindle.html"
"\">Dlaczego nazywać to Swindle</a>."

#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "&ldquo;Ad-blocker&rdquo;"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"When the purpose of some program is to block advertisements, &ldquo;ad-"
"blocker&rdquo; is a good term for it.  However, the GNU browser IceCat "
"blocks advertisements that track the user as consequence of broader measures "
"to prevent surveillance by web sites.  This is not an &ldquo;ad-blocker,"
"&rdquo; this is <em>surveillance protection</em>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "&ldquo;Access&rdquo;"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"It is a common misunderstanding to think free software means that the public "
"has &ldquo;access&rdquo; to a program.  That is not what free software means."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The <a href=\"/philosophy/free-sw.html\">criterion for free software</a> is "
"not about who has &ldquo;access&rdquo; to the program; the four essential "
"freedoms concern what a user that has a copy of the program is allowed to do "
"with it.  For instance, freedom 2 says that that user is free to make "
"another copy and give or sell it to you.  But no user is <em>obligated</em> "
"to do that for you; you do not have a <em>right</em> to demand a copy of "
"that program from any user."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"In particular, if you write a program yourself and never offer a copy to "
"anyone else, that program is free software albeit in a trivial way, because "
"every user that has a copy has the four essential freedoms (since the only "
"such user is you)."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"In practice, when many users have copies of a program, someone is sure to "
"post it on the internet, giving everyone access to it.  We think people "
"ought to do that, if the program is useful.  But that isn't a requirement of "
"free software."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"There is one specific point in which a question of having access is directly "
"pertinent to free software: the GNU GPL permits giving a particular user "
"access to download a program's source code as a substitute for physically "
"giving that user a copy of the source.  This applies to the special case in "
"which the user already has a copy of the program in non-source form."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <div><blockquote><p>
msgid ""
"Instead of <b>with free software, the public has access to the program</b>, "
"we say, <b>with free software, the users have the essential freedoms</b> and "
"<b>with free software, the users have control of what the program does for "
"them</b>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "&ldquo;Alternative&rdquo;"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"We don't describe free software in general as an &ldquo;alternative&rdquo; "
"to proprietary, because that word presumes all the &ldquo;"
"alternatives&rdquo; are legitimate and each additional one makes users "
"better off.  In effect, it assumes that free software ought to coexist with "
"software that does not respect users' freedom."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"We believe that distribution as free software is the only ethical way to "
"make software available for others to use.  The other methods, <a href=\"/"
"philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html\">nonfree software</a> and "
"<a href=\"/philosophy/who-does-that-server-really-serve.html\">Service as a "
"Software Substitute</a> subjugate their users.  We do not think it is good "
"to offer users those &ldquo;alternatives&rdquo; to free software."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Special circumstances can drive users toward running one particular program "
"for a certain job.  For instance, when a web page sends JavaScript client "
"code to the user's browser, that drives users toward running that specific "
"client program rather than any possible other.  In such a case, there is a "
"reason to describe any other code for that job as an alternative."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
# | [-&ldquo;Protection&rdquo;-]{+&ldquo;Artificial Intelligence&rdquo;+}
#, fuzzy
#| msgid "&ldquo;Protection&rdquo;"
msgid "&ldquo;Artificial Intelligence&rdquo;"
msgstr "&bdquo;Ochrona&rdquo;"

#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The moral panic over ChatGPT has led to confusion because people often speak "
"of it as &ldquo;artificial intelligence.&rdquo; Is ChatGPT properly "
"described as artificial intelligence? Should we call it that? Professor "
"Sussman of the MIT Artificial Intelligence Lab argues convincingly that we "
"should not."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Normally, &ldquo;intelligence&rdquo; means having knowledge and "
"understanding, at least about some kinds of things.  A true artificial "
"intelligence should have some knowledge and understanding.  General "
"artificial intelligence would be able to know and understand about all sorts "
"of things; that does not exist, but we do have systems of limited artificial "
"intelligence which can know and understand in certain limited fields."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"By contrast, ChatGPT knows nothing and understands nothing.  Its output is "
"merely smooth babbling.  Anything it states or implies about reality is "
"fabrication (unless &ldquo;fabrication&rdquo; implies more understanding "
"than that system really has).  Seeking a correct answer to any real question "
"in ChatGPT output is folly, as many have learned to their dismay."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"That is not a matter of implementation details.  It is an <a href=\"https://"
"www.mindprison.cc/p/the-question-that-no-llm-can-answer\">inherent "
"limitation due to the fundamental approach these systems use</a>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Here is how we recommend using terminology for systems based on trained "
"neural networks:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
msgid ""
"&ldquo;Artificial intelligence&rdquo; is a suitable term for systems that "
"have understanding and knowledge within some domain, whether small or large."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
msgid ""
"&ldquo;Bullshit generators&rdquo; is a suitable term for large language "
"models (&ldquo;LLMs&rdquo;) such as ChatGPT, that generate smooth-sounding "
"verbiage that appears to assert things about the world, without "
"understanding that verbiage semantically.  This conclusion has received "
"support from the paper titled <a href=\"https://link.springer.com/"
"article/10.1007/s10676-024-09775-5\"> <cite>ChatGPT is bullshit</cite></a> "
"by <a href=\"#ft1\">Hicks et al.</a>, (2024)."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
msgid ""
"&ldquo;Generative systems&rdquo; is a suitable term for systems that "
"generate artistic works for which &ldquo;truth&rdquo; and &ldquo;"
"falsehood&rdquo; are not applicable."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Those three categories of jobs are mostly implemented, nowadays, with &ldquo;"
"machine learning systems.&rdquo; That means they work with data consisting "
"of many numeric values, and adjust those numbers based on &ldquo;training "
"data.&rdquo; A machine learning system may be a bullshit generator, a "
"generative system, or artificial intelligence."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Most machine learning systems today are implemented as &ldquo;neural network "
"systems&rdquo; (&ldquo;NNS&rdquo;), meaning that they work by simulating a "
"network of &ldquo;neurons&rdquo;&mdash;highly simplified models of real "
"nerve cells.  However, there are other kinds of machine learning which work "
"differently."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"There is a specific term for the neural-network systems that generate "
"textual output which is plausible in terms of grammar and diction: &ldquo;"
"large language models&rdquo; (&ldquo;LLMs&rdquo;).  These systems cannot "
"begin to grasp the <em>meanings</em> of their textual outputs, so they are "
"invariably bullshit generators, never artificial intelligence."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"There are systems which use machine learning to recognize specific important "
"patterns in data.  Their output can reflect real knowledge (even if not with "
"perfect accuracy)&mdash;for instance, whether an image of tissue from an "
"organism shows a certain medical condition, <a href=\"https://www."
"theguardian.com/environment/2024/apr/03/early-warning-system-track-asian-"
"hornets-university-of-exeter\">whether an insect is a bee-eating Asian "
"hornet</a>, or <a href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/society/article/2024/"
"aug/19/ai-may-help-experts-identify-toddlers-at-risk-of-autism-researchers-"
"say\">whether a toddler may be at risk of becoming autistic</a>.  Scientists "
"validate the output by comparing the system's judgment against experimental "
"tests.  That justifies referring to these systems as &ldquo;artificial "
"intelligence.&rdquo; Likewise the systems that antisocial media use to "
"decide what to show or recommend to a user, since the companies validate "
"that they actually understand what will increase &ldquo;user engagement,"
"&rdquo; even though that manipulation of users may be harmful <em>to them "
"and to society as a whole</em>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Businesses and governments use similar systems to evaluate how to deal with "
"potential clients or people accused of various things.  These evaluation "
"results are often validated carelessly and the result can be systematic "
"injustice.  But since it purports to understand, it qualifies at least as "
"attempted artificial intelligence."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"As that example shows, artificial intelligence can be broken, or "
"systematically biased, or work badly, just as natural intelligence can.  "
"Here we are concerned with whether specific instances fit that term, not "
"with whether they do good or harm."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"There are also systems of artificial intelligence which <a href=\"https://"
"www.theguardian.com/technology/article/2024/jul/25/google-deepmind-takes-"
"step-closer-to-cracking-top-level-maths\">solve math problems</a>, using "
"machine learning to explore the space of possible solutions to find a valid "
"solution.  They qualify as artificial intelligence because they test the "
"validity of a candidate solution using rigorous mathematical methods."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"When bullshit generators output text that appears to make factual statements "
"but describe nonexistent people, places, and things, or events that did not "
"happen, it is fashionable to call those statements &ldquo;"
"hallucinations&rdquo; or say that the system &ldquo;made them up.&rdquo; "
"That fashion spreads a conceptual confusion, because it presumes that the "
"system has some sort of understanding of the meaning of its output, and that "
"its understanding was mistaken <em>in a specific case</em>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"That presumption is false: these systems have no semantic understanding "
"whatsoever."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "&ldquo;Assets&rdquo;"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"To refer to published works as &ldquo;assets,&rdquo; or &ldquo;digital "
"assets,&rdquo; is even worse than calling them <a href=\"#Content\">&ldquo;"
"content&rdquo;</a>&mdash;it dismisses their value to society aside from "
"commercial value."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "&ldquo;BSD-style&rdquo;"
msgstr "<!--BSD-->&bdquo;Typu BSD&rdquo;"

#. type: Content of: <div><p>
# | The expression &ldquo;BSD-style license&rdquo; leads to confusion because
# | it <a href=\"/licenses/bsd.html\">lumps together licenses that have
# | important differences</a>.  For instance, the original BSD license with
# | the advertising clause is incompatible with the [-GPL,-] {+GNU General
# | Public License,+} but the revised BSD license is compatible with the GPL.
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "The expression &ldquo;BSD-style license&rdquo; leads to confusion because "
#| "it <a href=\"/licenses/bsd.html\">lumps together licenses that have "
#| "important differences</a>.  For instance, the original BSD license with "
#| "the advertising clause is incompatible with the GPL, but the revised BSD "
#| "license is compatible with the GPL."
msgid ""
"The expression &ldquo;BSD-style license&rdquo; leads to confusion because it "
"<a href=\"/licenses/bsd.html\">lumps together licenses that have important "
"differences</a>.  For instance, the original BSD license with the "
"advertising clause is incompatible with the GNU General Public License, but "
"the revised BSD license is compatible with the GPL."
msgstr ""
"Określenie &bdquo;licencja typu BSD&rdquo; prowadzi do&nbsp;pomyłek, gdyż <a "
"href=\"/licenses/bsd.html\">scala w&nbsp;jedno dwie licencje, które znacząco "
"się od&nbsp;siebie różnią</a>. Na&nbsp;przykład, pierwotna licencja BSD "
"z&nbsp;klauzulą ogłoszeniową nie jest zgodna z&nbsp;GPL, ale&nbsp;poprawiona "
"BSD jest zgodna."

#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"To avoid confusion, it is best to name <a href=\"/licenses/license-list.html"
"\"> the specific license in question</a> and avoid the vague term &ldquo;BSD-"
"style.&rdquo;"
msgstr ""
"Żeby uniknąć zamieszania najlepiej używać właściwej nazwy konkretnej "
"licencji i&nbsp;unikać określenia &bdquo;typu BSD&rdquo;."

#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "&ldquo;Closed&rdquo;"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Describing nonfree software as &ldquo;closed&rdquo; clearly refers to the "
"term &ldquo;open source.&rdquo; In the free software movement, <a href=\"/"
"philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html\"> we do not want to be "
"confused with the open source camp</a>, so we are careful to avoid saying "
"things that would encourage people to lump us in with them.  For instance, "
"we avoid describing nonfree software as &ldquo;closed.&rdquo; We call it "
"&ldquo;nonfree&rdquo; or <a href=\"/philosophy/categories."
"html#ProprietarySoftware\"> &ldquo;proprietary&rdquo;</a>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "&ldquo;Cloud Computing&rdquo;"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The term &ldquo;cloud computing&rdquo; (or just &ldquo;cloud,&rdquo; in the "
"context of computing) is a marketing buzzword with no coherent meaning.  It "
"is used for a range of different activities whose only common characteristic "
"is that they use the Internet for something beyond transmitting files.  "
"Thus, the term spreads confusion.  If you base your thinking on it, your "
"thinking will be confused (or, could we say, &ldquo;cloudy&rdquo;?)."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"When thinking about or responding to a statement someone else has made using "
"this term, the first step is to clarify the topic.  What scenario is the "
"statement about? What is a good, clear term for that scenario? Once the "
"topic is clearly formulated, coherent thought about it becomes possible."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"One of the many meanings of &ldquo;cloud computing&rdquo; is storing your "
"data in online services.  In most scenarios, that is foolish because it "
"exposes you to <a href=\"https://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/2011/"
"apr/25/hackers-spooks-cloud-antiauthoritarian-dream\">surveillance</a>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Another meaning (which overlaps that but is not the same thing)  is <a href="
"\"/philosophy/who-does-that-server-really-serve.html\"> Service as a "
"Software Substitute</a>, which denies you control over your computing.  You "
"should never use SaaSS."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Another meaning is renting a remote physical server, or virtual server.  "
"These practices are ok under certain circumstances."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Another meaning is accessing your own server from your own mobile device.  "
"That raises no particular ethical issues."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The <a href=\"https://csrc.nist.gov/pubs/sp/800/145/final\"> NIST definition "
"of &ldquo;cloud computing&rdquo;</a> mentions three scenarios that raise "
"different ethical issues: Software as a Service, Platform as a Service, and "
"Infrastructure as a Service.  However, that definition does not match the "
"common use of &ldquo;cloud computing,&rdquo; since it does not include "
"storing data in online services.  Software as a Service as defined by NIST "
"overlaps considerably with Service as a Software Substitute, which mistreats "
"the user, but the two concepts are not equivalent."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"These different computing practices don't even belong in the same "
"discussion.  The best way to avoid the confusion the term &ldquo;cloud "
"computing&rdquo; spreads is not to use the term &ldquo;cloud&rdquo; in "
"connection with computing.  Talk about the scenario you mean, and call it by "
"a specific term."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Curiously, Larry Ellison, a proprietary software developer, also <a href="
"\"https://www.cnet.com/culture/oracles-ellison-nails-cloud-computing/\"> "
"noted the vacuity of the term &ldquo;cloud computing.&rdquo;</a> He decided "
"to use the term anyway because, as a proprietary software developer, he "
"isn't motivated by the same ideals as we are."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "&ldquo;Commercial&rdquo;"
msgstr "&bdquo;Komercyjny (commercial)&rdquo;"

#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Please don't use &ldquo;commercial&rdquo; as a synonym for &ldquo;nonfree."
"&rdquo; That confuses two entirely different issues."
msgstr ""
"Prosimy nie używać &bdquo;komercyjny&rdquo; jako synonimu &bdquo;nie będący "
"wolnym&rdquo;. Jest to mieszanie dwu zupełnie różnych kwestii."

#. type: Content of: <div><p>
# | A program is commercial if it is developed as a business activity.  A
# | commercial program can be free or nonfree, depending on its [-license.-]
# | {+manner of distribution.+}  Likewise, a program developed by a school or
# | an individual can be free or nonfree, depending on its [-license.-]
# | {+manner of distribution.+}  The two questions&mdash;what sort of entity
# | developed the program and what freedom its users have&mdash;are
# | independent.
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "A program is commercial if it is developed as a business activity.  A "
#| "commercial program can be free or nonfree, depending on its license.  "
#| "Likewise, a program developed by a school or an individual can be free or "
#| "nonfree, depending on its license.  The two questions&mdash;what sort of "
#| "entity developed the program and what freedom its users have&mdash;are "
#| "independent."
msgid ""
"A program is commercial if it is developed as a business activity.  A "
"commercial program can be free or nonfree, depending on its manner of "
"distribution.  Likewise, a program developed by a school or an individual "
"can be free or nonfree, depending on its manner of distribution.  The two "
"questions&mdash;what sort of entity developed the program and what freedom "
"its users have&mdash;are independent."
msgstr ""
"Program jest komercyjny jeśli został opracowany w&nbsp;ramach działalności "
"gospodarczej. Program komercyjny może być wolny albo nie, zależnie od&nbsp;"
"licencji. Podobnie, program opracowany przez uczelnię czy&nbsp;osobę "
"prywatną może być wolnym programem lub&nbsp;nie. Oba te zagadnienia &ndash; "
"jaki rodzaj podmiotu stworzył program i&nbsp;jakie wolności &ndash; prawa "
"mają jego użytkownicy, są od&nbsp;siebie niezależne."

#. type: Content of: <div><p>
# | In the first decade of the [-Free Software Movement,-] {+free software
# | movement,+} free software packages were almost always noncommercial; the
# | components of the GNU/Linux operating system were developed by individuals
# | or by nonprofit organizations such as the FSF and universities.  [-But-] 
# | {+Later,+} in the [-90's,-] {+1990s,+} free commercial software started to
# | appear.
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "In the first decade of the Free Software Movement, free software packages "
#| "were almost always noncommercial; the components of the GNU/Linux "
#| "operating system were developed by individuals or by nonprofit "
#| "organizations such as the FSF and universities.  But in the 90's, free "
#| "commercial software started to appear."
msgid ""
"In the first decade of the free software movement, free software packages "
"were almost always noncommercial; the components of the GNU/Linux operating "
"system were developed by individuals or by nonprofit organizations such as "
"the FSF and universities.  Later, in the 1990s, free commercial software "
"started to appear."
msgstr ""
"W pierwszym dziesięcioleciu działalności Ruchu Wolnego Oprogramowania, Free "
"Software Movement, pakiety wolnego oprogramowania były niemal zawsze "
"niekomercyjne. Składniki systemu operacyjnego GNU/Linux zostały stworzone "
"przez osoby prywatne lub&nbsp;organizacje nonprofit, takie jak FSF i&nbsp;"
"uniwersytety. Jednak w&nbsp;latach 90. zaczęło się pojawiać wolne "
"oprogramowanie komercyjne."

#. type: Content of: <div><p>
# | Free commercial software is a contribution to our community, so we should
# | encourage it.  But people who think that &ldquo;commercial&rdquo; means
# | &ldquo;nonfree&rdquo; will tend to think that {+the &ldquo;free
# | commercial&rdquo;+} combination is self-contradictory, and dismiss the
# | possibility.  Let's be careful not to use the word
# | &ldquo;commercial&rdquo; in that way.
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "Free commercial software is a contribution to our community, so we should "
#| "encourage it.  But people who think that &ldquo;commercial&rdquo; means "
#| "&ldquo;nonfree&rdquo; will tend to think that combination is self-"
#| "contradictory, and dismiss the possibility.  Let's be careful not to use "
#| "the word &ldquo;commercial&rdquo; in that way."
msgid ""
"Free commercial software is a contribution to our community, so we should "
"encourage it.  But people who think that &ldquo;commercial&rdquo; means "
"&ldquo;nonfree&rdquo; will tend to think that the &ldquo;free "
"commercial&rdquo; combination is self-contradictory, and dismiss the "
"possibility.  Let's be careful not to use the word &ldquo;commercial&rdquo; "
"in that way."
msgstr ""
"Wolne oprogramowanie komercyjne jest wkładem na&nbsp;rzecz naszej wspólnoty, "
"więc&nbsp;powinniśmy je popierać. Jednak można się spodziewać, iż ludzie, "
"którzy sądzą, że&nbsp;&bdquo;komercyjny&rdquo; znaczy &bdquo;nie jest "
"wolny&rdquo; przyjmą, że&nbsp;takie połączenie jest wewnętrznie sprzeczne, "
"i&nbsp;odrzucą tę możliwość. Uważajmy, by nie stosować słowa &bdquo;"
"komercyjny&rdquo; w&nbsp;taki sposób."

#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "&ldquo;Compensation&rdquo;"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"To speak of &ldquo;compensation for authors&rdquo; in connection with "
"copyright carries the assumptions that (1) copyright exists for the sake of "
"authors and (2) whenever we read something, we take on a debt to the author "
"which we must then repay.  The first assumption is simply <a href=\"/"
"philosophy/misinterpreting-copyright.html\">false</a>, and the second is "
"outrageous."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"&ldquo;Compensating the rights-holders&rdquo; adds a further swindle: you're "
"supposed to imagine that means paying the authors, and occasionally it does, "
"but most of the time it means a subsidy for the same publishing companies "
"that are pushing unjust laws on us."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "&ldquo;Consume&rdquo;"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"&ldquo;Consume&rdquo; refers to what we do with food: we ingest it, after "
"which the food as such no longer exists.  By analogy, we employ the same "
"word for other products whose use <em>uses them up</em>.  Applying it to "
"durable goods, such as clothing or appliances, is a stretch.  Applying it to "
"published works (programs, recordings on a disk or in a file, books on paper "
"or in a file), whose nature is to last indefinitely and which can be run, "
"played or read any number of times, is stretching the word so far that it "
"snaps.  Playing a recording, or running a program, does not consume it."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Those who use &ldquo;consume&rdquo; in this context will say they don't mean "
"it literally.  What, then, does it mean? It means to regard copies of "
"software and other works from a narrow economistic point of view.  &ldquo;"
"Consume&rdquo; is associated with the economics of material commodities, "
"such as the fuel or electricity that a car uses up.  Gasoline is a "
"commodity, and so is electricity.  Commodities are <em>fungible</em>: there "
"is nothing special about a drop of gasoline that your car burns today versus "
"another drop that it burned last week."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"What does it mean to think of works of authorship as a commodity, with the "
"assumption that there is nothing special about any one story, article, "
"program, or song? That is the twisted viewpoint of the owner or the "
"accountant of a publishing company, someone who doesn't appreciate the "
"published works as such.  It is no surprise that proprietary software "
"developers would like you to think of the use of software as a commodity.  "
"Their twisted viewpoint comes through clearly in <a href=\"https://www."
"businessinsider.com/former-google-exec-launches-sourcepoint-with-10-million-"
"series-a-funding-2015-6\">this article</a>, which also refers to "
"publications as &ldquo;<a href=\"#Content\">content</a>.&rdquo;"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The narrow thinking associated with the idea that we &ldquo;consume "
"content&rdquo; paves the way for laws such as the DMCA that forbid users to "
"break the <a href=\"https://DefectiveByDesign.org/\">Digital Restrictions "
"Management</a> (DRM) facilities in digital devices.  If users think what "
"they do with these devices is &ldquo;consume,&rdquo; they may see such "
"restrictions as natural."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"It also encourages the acceptance of &ldquo;streaming&rdquo; services, which "
"use DRM to perversely limit listening to music, or watching video, to "
"squeeze those activities into the assumptions of the word &ldquo;consume."
"&rdquo;"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Why is this perverse usage spreading? Some may feel that the term sounds "
"sophisticated, but rejecting it with cogent reasons can appear even more "
"sophisticated.  Some want to generalize about all kinds of media, but the "
"usual English verbs (&ldquo;read,&rdquo; &ldquo;listen to,&rdquo; &ldquo;"
"watch&rdquo;) don't do this.  Others may be acting from business interests "
"(their own, or their employers').  Their use of the term in prestigious "
"forums gives the impression that it's the &ldquo;correct&rdquo; term."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"To speak of &ldquo;consuming&rdquo; music, fiction, or any other artistic "
"works is to treat them as commodities rather than as art.  Do we want to "
"think of published works that way? Do we want to encourage the public to do "
"so?"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Those who answer no, please join me in shunning the term &ldquo;"
"consume&rdquo; for this."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"What to use instead? You can use specific verbs such as &ldquo;read,&rdquo; "
"&ldquo;listen to,&rdquo; &ldquo;watch&rdquo; or &ldquo;look at,&rdquo; since "
"they help to restrain the tendency to overgeneralize."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"If you insist on generalizing, you can use the expression &ldquo;attend to,"
"&rdquo; which requires less of a stretch than &ldquo;consume.&rdquo; For a "
"work meant for practical use, &ldquo;use&rdquo; is best."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid "See also the following entry."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "&ldquo;Consumer&rdquo;"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The term &ldquo;consumer,&rdquo; when used to refer to the users of "
"computing, is loaded with assumptions we should reject.  Some come from the "
"idea that using the program &ldquo;consumes&rdquo; the program (see <a href="
"\"#Consume\">the previous entry</a>), which leads people to impose on "
"copiable digital works the economic conclusions that were drawn about "
"uncopiable material products."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"In addition, describing the users of software as &ldquo;consumers&rdquo; "
"refers to a framing in which people are limited to selecting between "
"whatever &ldquo;products&rdquo; are available in the &ldquo;market.&rdquo; "
"There is no room in this framing for the idea that users can <a href=\"/"
"philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html\">directly exercise "
"control over what a program does</a>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"To describe people who are not limited to passive use of works, we suggest "
"terms such as &ldquo;individuals&rdquo; and &ldquo;citizens,&rdquo; rather "
"than &ldquo;consumers.&rdquo;"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"This problem with the word &ldquo;consumer&rdquo; has been <a href=\"https://"
"www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2013/aug/11/capitalism-language-raymond-"
"williams\">noted before</a>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "&ldquo;Content&rdquo;"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"If you want to describe a feeling of comfort and satisfaction, by all means "
"say you are &ldquo;content,&rdquo; but using the word as a noun to describe "
"works and communications through which people have expressed themselves "
"adopts an attitude you might rather avoid: it treats them as a commodity "
"whose purpose is to fill a box and make money.  In effect, it disparages all "
"the works by focusing on the box that is full.  To avoid taking that "
"attitude, you can call them &ldquo;works,&rdquo; &ldquo;publications,&rdquo; "
"&ldquo;messages,&rdquo; &ldquo;communications,&rdquo; as well as various "
"other words that are more specific."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Those who use the term &ldquo;content&rdquo; are often the publishers that "
"push for increased copyright power in the name of the authors (&ldquo;"
"creators,&rdquo; as they say) of the works.  The term &ldquo;content&rdquo; "
"reveals their real attitude towards these works and their authors."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The same word, &ldquo;content,&rdquo; has another usage which is different "
"enough in meaning that it does not raise this issue.  It appears in the "
"expression, &ldquo;technical content.&rdquo; The usage of that expression "
"generally relates to <em>one specific document</em> or publication, and "
"refers to &ldquo;the information <em>in that one</em>.&rdquo; This usage "
"doesn't embody any attitude towards publications and communications in "
"general."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Likewise, the word &ldquo;contents&rdquo; does not raise this issue.  It is "
"a form of the word &ldquo;content,&rdquo; but it has a different meaning.  "
"Talking about the &ldquo;contents&rdquo; of a file or the &ldquo;table of "
"contents&rdquo; of a book does not imply an attitude towards files in "
"general or books in general."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"We first condemned this usage of &ldquo;content&rdquo; in 2002.  Since then, "
"Tom Chatfield recognized the same point <a href=\"https://www.theguardian."
"com/culture/2016/aug/02/how-to-deal-with-trump-trolls-online\"> in <cite>The "
"Guardian</cite></a>:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <div><blockquote><p>
msgid ""
"Content itself is beside the point&mdash;as the very use of words like "
"content suggests. The moment you start labelling every single piece of "
"writing in the world &ldquo;content,&rdquo; you have conceded its "
"interchangeability: its primary purpose as mere grist to the metrical mill."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"In other words, &ldquo;content&rdquo; reduces publications and writings to a "
"sort of pap, fit to be metered and piped through the &ldquo;tubes&rdquo; of "
"the internet."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Later, <a href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/film/2022/aug/03/tax-concerns-"
"axed-batgirl-but-studios-will-suffer-if-they-become-too-cynical\"> Peter "
"Bradshaw noticed it too.</a>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <div><blockquote><p>
msgid ""
"This is what happens when studios treat movies as pure, undifferentiated "
"corporate &ldquo;content,&rdquo; a Gazprom pipeline of superhero mush which "
"can be turned off when the accountants say that it makes sense to do so."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"<a href=\"https://tedgioia.substack.com/p/14-warning-signs-that-you-are-"
"living\"> Martin Scorsese condemned the attitude of &ldquo;content&rdquo; in "
"regard to films</a>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The attitude implied by &ldquo;content&rdquo; is illustrated pointedly in "
"this critical description of <a href=\"https://anildash.com/2022/02/09/the-"
"stupid-tech-content-culture-cycle/\"> the development path of platforms run "
"by people who base their thinking on that concept</a>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The article uses this word over and over, along with &ldquo;consume&rdquo; "
"and &ldquo;creators.&rdquo; Perhaps that is meant to illustrate the way "
"those people like to think."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"See also <a href=\"https://www.salon.com/2000/06/14/love_7/\">Courtney "
"Love's open letter to Steve Case</a> and search for &ldquo;content "
"provider&rdquo; in that page.  Alas, Ms. Love is unaware that the term "
"&ldquo;intellectual property&rdquo; is also <a href=\"#IntellectualProperty"
"\"> biased and confusing</a>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"However, as long as other people use the term &ldquo;content provider,"
"&rdquo; political dissidents can well call themselves &ldquo;malcontent "
"providers.&rdquo;"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The term &ldquo;content management&rdquo; takes the prize for vacuity.  "
"&ldquo;Content&rdquo; means &ldquo;some sort of information,&rdquo; and "
"&ldquo;management&rdquo; in this context means &ldquo;doing something with "
"it.&rdquo; So a &ldquo;content management system&rdquo; is a system for "
"doing something to some sort of information.  Nearly all programs fit that "
"description."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"In most cases, that term really refers to a system for updating pages on a "
"web site.  For that, we recommend the term &ldquo;web site revision "
"system&rdquo; or &ldquo;website revision system&rdquo; (WRS)."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "&ldquo;Copyright Owner&rdquo;"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Copyright is an artificial privilege, handed out by the state to achieve a "
"public interest and lasting a period of time&mdash;not a natural right like "
"owning a house or a shirt.  Lawyers used to recognize this by referring to "
"the recipient of that privilege as a &ldquo;copyright holder.&rdquo;"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"A few decades ago, copyright holders began trying to reduce awareness of "
"this point.  In addition to citing frequently the bogus concept of <a href="
"\"#IntellectualProperty\">&ldquo;intellectual property,&rdquo;</a> they also "
"started calling themselves &ldquo;copyright owners.&rdquo; Please join us in "
"resisting by using the traditional term &ldquo;copyright holders&rdquo; "
"instead."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "&ldquo;Creative Commons licensed&rdquo;"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The most important licensing characteristic of a work is whether it is "
"free.  Creative Commons publishes seven licenses; three are free (CC BY, CC "
"BY-SA and CC0) and the rest are nonfree.  Thus, to describe a work as &ldquo;"
"Creative Commons licensed&rdquo; fails to say whether it is free, and "
"suggests that the question is not important.  The statement may be accurate, "
"but the omission is harmful."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"To encourage people to pay attention to the most important distinction, "
"always specify <em>which</em> Creative Commons license is used, as in &ldquo;"
"licensed under CC BY-SA.&rdquo; If you don't know which license a certain "
"work uses, find out and then make your statement."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "&ldquo;Creator&rdquo;"
msgstr "&bdquo;Twórca&rdquo;"

#. type: Content of: <div><p>
# | The term &ldquo;creator&rdquo; as applied to authors implicitly compares
# | them to a deity (&ldquo;the creator&rdquo;).  The term is used by
# | publishers to elevate [-the-] authors' moral [-stature-] {+standing+}
# | above that of ordinary [-people,-] {+people in order+} to justify {+giving
# | them+} increased copyright [-power that-] {+power, which+} the publishers
# | can {+then+} exercise in {+their name.  We recommend saying
# | &ldquo;author&rdquo; instead.  However, in many cases &ldquo;copyright
# | holder&rdquo; is what you really mean.  These two terms are not
# | equivalent: often+} the [-name of-] {+copyright holder is not+} the
# | author[-s-].
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "The term &ldquo;creator&rdquo; as applied to authors implicitly compares "
#| "them to a deity (&ldquo;the creator&rdquo;).  The term is used by "
#| "publishers to elevate the authors' moral stature above that of ordinary "
#| "people, to justify increased copyright power that the publishers can "
#| "exercise in the name of the authors."
msgid ""
"The term &ldquo;creator&rdquo; as applied to authors implicitly compares "
"them to a deity (&ldquo;the creator&rdquo;).  The term is used by publishers "
"to elevate authors' moral standing above that of ordinary people in order to "
"justify giving them increased copyright power, which the publishers can then "
"exercise in their name.  We recommend saying &ldquo;author&rdquo; instead.  "
"However, in many cases &ldquo;copyright holder&rdquo; is what you really "
"mean.  These two terms are not equivalent: often the copyright holder is not "
"the author."
msgstr ""
"Określenie &bdquo;twórca&rdquo; stosowane w&nbsp;odniesieniu do&nbsp;autorów "
"niejawnie porównuje ich z&nbsp;bóstwem (&bdquo;Stwórcą&rdquo;). Jest ono "
"używane przez wydawców do&nbsp;wywyższenia moralnie autorów ponad zwykłych "
"ludzi, żeby uzasadnić zwiększoną władzę praw autorskich, z&nbsp;jakiej "
"wydawcy mogą korzystać w&nbsp;imieniu autorów."

#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "&ldquo;Digital Goods&rdquo;"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The term &ldquo;digital goods,&rdquo; as applied to copies of works of "
"authorship, identifies them with physical goods&mdash;which cannot be "
"copied, and which therefore have to be manufactured in quantity and sold.  "
"This metaphor encourages people to judge issues about software or other "
"digital works based on their views and intuitions about physical goods.  It "
"also frames issues in terms of economics, whose shallow and limited values "
"don't include freedom and community."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "&ldquo;Digital Locks&rdquo;"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"&ldquo;Digital locks&rdquo; is used to refer to Digital Restrictions "
"Management by some who criticize it.  The problem with this term is that it "
"fails to do justice to the badness of DRM.  The people who adopted that term "
"did not think it through."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Locks are not necessarily oppressive or bad.  You probably own several "
"locks, and their keys or codes as well; you may find them useful or "
"troublesome, but they don't oppress you, because you can open and close "
"them.  Likewise, we find <a href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/"
"technology/2015/may/01/encryption-wont-work-if-it-has-a-back-door-only-the-"
"good-guys-have-keys-to-\">encryption</a> invaluable for protecting our "
"digital files.  That too is a kind of digital lock that you have control "
"over."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"DRM is like a lock placed on you by someone else, who refuses to give you "
"the key&mdash;in other words, like <em>handcuffs</em>.  Therefore, the "
"proper metaphor for DRM is &ldquo;digital handcuffs,&rdquo; not &ldquo;"
"digital locks.&rdquo;"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"A number of opposition campaigns have chosen the unwise term &ldquo;digital "
"locks&rdquo;; to get things back on the right track, we must firmly insist "
"on correcting this mistake.  The FSF can support a campaign that opposes "
"&ldquo;digital locks&rdquo; if we agree on the substance; however, when we "
"state our support, we conspicuously replace the term with &ldquo;digital "
"handcuffs&rdquo; and say why."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "&ldquo;Digital Rights Management&rdquo;"
msgstr ""
"&bdquo;Zarządzanie prawami cyfrowymi (Digital Rights Management)&rdquo;"

#. type: Content of: <div><p>
# | &ldquo;Digital Rights Management&rdquo; [-software is actually-]
# | {+(abbreviated &ldquo;DRM&rdquo;) refers to technical mechanisms+}
# | designed to impose restrictions on computer users.  The use of the word
# | &ldquo;rights&rdquo; in this term is propaganda, designed to lead you
# | unawares into seeing the [-the-] issue from the viewpoint of the few that
# | impose the restrictions, [-while-] {+and+} ignoring that of the [-many-]
# | {+general public on+} whom [-the-] {+these+} restrictions are [-imposed
# | on.-] {+imposed.+}
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "&ldquo;Digital Rights Management&rdquo; software is actually designed to "
#| "impose restrictions on computer users.  The use of the word &ldquo;"
#| "rights&rdquo; in this term is propaganda, designed to lead you unawares "
#| "into seeing the the issue from the viewpoint of the few that impose the "
#| "restrictions, while ignoring that of the many whom the restrictions are "
#| "imposed on."
msgid ""
"&ldquo;Digital Rights Management&rdquo; (abbreviated &ldquo;DRM&rdquo;) "
"refers to technical mechanisms designed to impose restrictions on computer "
"users.  The use of the word &ldquo;rights&rdquo; in this term is propaganda, "
"designed to lead you unawares into seeing the issue from the viewpoint of "
"the few that impose the restrictions, and ignoring that of the general "
"public on whom these restrictions are imposed."
msgstr ""
"Oprogramowanie Digital Rights Management (&bdquo;zarządzanie prawami "
"cyfrowymi&rdquo;) jest w&nbsp;rzeczywistości przeznaczone do&nbsp;narzucania "
"ograniczeń użytkownikom komputerów. Zastosowanie w&nbsp;tym określeniu słowa "
"&bdquo;prawa&rdquo; jest propagandą, która ma doprowadzić do&nbsp;tego, "
"byście nieświadomie rozpatrywali to zagadnienie z&nbsp;punktu widzenia "
"nielicznych, którzy narzucają ograniczenia, lekceważąc tych wielu, którym "
"się je narzuca."

#. type: Content of: <div><p>
# | Good alternatives include &ldquo;Digital Restrictions
# | Management{+,+}&rdquo; and [-&ldquo;handcuffware.&rdquo;-]
# | {+&ldquo;digital handcuffs.&rdquo;+}
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "Good alternatives include &ldquo;Digital Restrictions Management&rdquo; "
#| "and &ldquo;handcuffware.&rdquo;"
msgid ""
"Good alternatives include &ldquo;Digital Restrictions Management,&rdquo; and "
"&ldquo;digital handcuffs.&rdquo;"
msgstr ""
"Dobre alternatywy to, między innymi, &bdquo;cyfrowe zarządzanie "
"ograniczeniami&rdquo; (Digital Restrictions Management) albo &bdquo;"
"handcuffware&rdquo; &ndash; &bdquo;kajdankowce&rdquo;."

#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Please sign up to support our <a href=\"https://DefectiveByDesign.org/\"> "
"campaign to abolish DRM</a>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "&ldquo;Ecosystem&rdquo;"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"It is inadvisable to describe the free software community, or any human "
"community, as an &ldquo;ecosystem,&rdquo; because that word implies the "
"absence of ethical judgment."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The term &ldquo;ecosystem&rdquo; implicitly suggests an attitude of "
"nonjudgmental observation: don't ask how what <em>should</em> happen, just "
"study and understand what <em>does</em> happen.  In an ecosystem, some "
"organisms consume other organisms.  In ecology, we do not ask whether it is "
"right for an owl to eat a mouse or for a mouse to eat a seed, we only "
"observe that they do so.  Species' populations grow or shrink according to "
"the conditions; this is neither right nor wrong, merely an ecological "
"phenomenon, even if it goes so far as the extinction of a species."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"By contrast, beings that adopt an ethical stance towards their surroundings "
"can decide to preserve things that, without their intervention, might "
"vanish&mdash;such as civil society, democracy, human rights, peace, public "
"health, a stable climate, clean air and water, endangered species, "
"traditional arts&hellip;and computer users' freedom."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "&ldquo;FLOSS&rdquo;"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The term &ldquo;FLOSS,&rdquo; meaning &ldquo;Free/Libre and Open Source "
"Software,&rdquo; was coined as a way to <a href=\"/philosophy/floss-and-foss."
"html\">be neutral between free software and open source</a>.  If neutrality "
"is your goal, &ldquo;FLOSS&rdquo; is the best way to be neutral.  But if you "
"want to show you stand for freedom, don't use a neutral term."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "&ldquo;For free&rdquo;"
msgstr "&bdquo;Za darmo (for free)&rdquo;"

#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"If you want to say that a program is free software, please don't say that it "
"is available &ldquo;for free.&rdquo; That term specifically means &ldquo;for "
"zero price.&rdquo; Free software is a matter of freedom, not price."
msgstr ""
"Jeśli chcecie powiedzieć, że&nbsp;jakiś program jest wolnym oprogramowaniem, "
"nie mówcie, prosimy, że&nbsp;jest dostępny &bdquo;za darmo&rdquo;, &bdquo;"
"bezpłatnie&rdquo; (&bdquo;for free&rdquo;). Określenie to znaczy konkretnie "
"&bdquo;po cenie zerowej&rdquo; (&bdquo;for zero price&rdquo;). Wolne "
"oprogramowanie to kwestia wolności, nie ceny.<sup><a href=\"#TransNote1\" id="
"\"revTransNote1\">1</a></sup>"

#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Free software copies are often available for free&mdash;for example, by "
"downloading via FTP.  But free software copies are also available for a "
"price on CD-ROMs; meanwhile, proprietary software copies are occasionally "
"available for free in promotions, and some proprietary packages are normally "
"available at no charge to certain users."
msgstr ""
"Kopie wolnych programów są często dostępne za darmo &ndash; na&nbsp;"
"przykład, do&nbsp;ściągnięcia poprzez FTP. Jednak istnieją też kopie wolnego "
"oprogramowania rozprowadzane za pieniądze na&nbsp;CD-ROM-ach. Równocześnie "
"zdarzają się programy prawnie zastrzeżone (proprietary software) dostępne "
"dla niektórych użytkowników bez&nbsp;opłat."

#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"To avoid confusion, you can say that the program is available &ldquo;as free "
"software.&rdquo;"
msgstr ""
"Dla uniknięcia nieporozumień mówimy, że&nbsp;program jest dostępny &bdquo;"
"jako wolne oprogramowanie&rdquo; (&bdquo;as free software&rdquo;)."

#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "&ldquo;FOSS&rdquo;"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The term &ldquo;FOSS,&rdquo; meaning &ldquo;Free and Open Source Software,"
"&rdquo; was coined as a way to <a href=\"/philosophy/floss-and-foss.html"
"\">be neutral between free software and open source</a>, but it doesn't "
"really do that.  If neutrality is your goal, &ldquo;FLOSS&rdquo; is better.  "
"But if you want to show you stand for freedom, don't use a neutral term."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <div><blockquote><p>
msgid ""
"Instead of <b>FOSS</b>, we say, <b>free software</b> or <b>free (libre) "
"software</b>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "&ldquo;Freely available&rdquo;"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Don't use &ldquo;freely available software&rdquo; as a synonym for &ldquo;"
"free software.&rdquo; The terms are not equivalent.  Software is &ldquo;"
"freely available&rdquo; if anyone can easily get a copy.  &ldquo;Free "
"software&rdquo; is defined in terms of the freedom of users that have a copy "
"of it.  These are answers to different questions."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
# | [-&ldquo;Freeware&rdquo;-]{+&ldquo;Freemium&rdquo;+}
#, fuzzy
#| msgid "&ldquo;Freeware&rdquo;"
msgid "&ldquo;Freemium&rdquo;"
msgstr "&bdquo;Freeware&rdquo;"

#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The confusing term &ldquo;freemium&rdquo; is used in marketing to describe "
"<em>nonfree</em> software whose standard version is gratis, with paid "
"<em>nonfree</em> add-ons available."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Using this term works against the free software movement, because it leads "
"people to think of &ldquo;free&rdquo; as meaning &ldquo;zero price.&rdquo;"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
# | [-&ldquo;Freeware&rdquo;-]{+&ldquo;Free-to-play&rdquo;+}
#, fuzzy
#| msgid "&ldquo;Freeware&rdquo;"
msgid "&ldquo;Free-to-play&rdquo;"
msgstr "&bdquo;Freeware&rdquo;"

#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The confusing term &ldquo;free-to-play&rdquo; (acronym &ldquo;F2P&rdquo;) is "
"used in marketing to describe <em>nonfree</em> games which don't require a "
"payment before a user starts to play.  In many of these games, doing well in "
"the game requires paying later, so the term &ldquo;gratis-to-start&rdquo; is "
"a more accurate description."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "&ldquo;Freeware&rdquo;"
msgstr "&bdquo;Freeware&rdquo;"

#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Please don't use the term &ldquo;freeware&rdquo; as a synonym for &ldquo;"
"free software.&rdquo; The term &ldquo;freeware&rdquo; was used often in the "
"1980s for programs released only as executables, with source code not "
"available.  Today it has no particular agreed-on definition."
msgstr ""
"Prosimy nie używać terminu &bdquo;freeware&rdquo; jako synominu pojęcia "
"&bdquo;free software&rdquo;. W&nbsp;latach 80. słowa &bdquo;freeware&rdquo; "
"często używano na&nbsp;określenie programów wydanych jedynie w&nbsp;postaci "
"wykonywalnej, bez&nbsp;dostępnego kodu źródłowego. Obecnie termin ten nie ma "
"żadnej konkretnej, uzgodnionej definicji."

#. type: Content of: <div><p>
# | [-Also, if you use other-]{+When using+} languages {+other+} than English,
# | please [-try to-] avoid borrowing English [-words-] {+terms+} such as
# | &ldquo;free software&rdquo; or &ldquo;freeware.&rdquo; [-Try-] {+It is
# | better+} to [-use-] {+translate+} the [-often less ambiguous wording-]
# | {+term &ldquo;free software&rdquo; into+} <a
# | [-href=\"/philosophy/fs-translations.html\">that your language
# | offers</a>.-] {+href=\"/philosophy/fs-translations.html\">your
# | language</a>.+}
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "Also, if you use other languages than English, please try to avoid "
#| "borrowing English words such as &ldquo;free software&rdquo; or &ldquo;"
#| "freeware.&rdquo; Try to use the often less ambiguous wording <a href=\"/"
#| "philosophy/fs-translations.html\">that your language offers</a>."
msgid ""
"When using languages other than English, please avoid borrowing English "
"terms such as &ldquo;free software&rdquo; or &ldquo;freeware.&rdquo; It is "
"better to translate the term &ldquo;free software&rdquo; into <a href=\"/"
"philosophy/fs-translations.html\">your language</a>."
msgstr ""
"Ponadto, jeśli używacie języka innego niż angielski, spróbujcie unikać "
"zapożyczania angielskich słów, jak np. &bdquo;free software&rdquo; czy&nbsp;"
"&bdquo;freeware&rdquo;. Próbujcie korzystać z&nbsp;mniej niejednoznacznych "
"określeń, <a href=\"/philosophy/fs-translations.html\">jakie występują "
"w&nbsp;waszym języku</a>."

#. type: Content of: <div><p>
# | By [-forming-] {+using+} a word in [-your-] {+<a
# | href=\"/philosophy/fs-translations.html\">your+} own [-language,-]
# | {+language</a>,+} you show that you are really referring to freedom and
# | not just parroting some mysterious foreign marketing concept.  The
# | reference to freedom may at first seem strange or disturbing to your
# | [-countrymen,-] {+compatriots,+} but once they see that it means exactly
# | what it says, they will really understand what the issue is.
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "By forming a word in your own language, you show that you are really "
#| "referring to freedom and not just parroting some mysterious foreign "
#| "marketing concept.  The reference to freedom may at first seem strange or "
#| "disturbing to your countrymen, but once they see that it means exactly "
#| "what it says, they will really understand what the issue is."
msgid ""
"By using a word in <a href=\"/philosophy/fs-translations.html\">your own "
"language</a>, you show that you are really referring to freedom and not just "
"parroting some mysterious foreign marketing concept.  The reference to "
"freedom may at first seem strange or disturbing to your compatriots, but "
"once they see that it means exactly what it says, they will really "
"understand what the issue is."
msgstr ""
"Korzystając z&nbsp;nazwy utworzonej języku pokazujecie, że&nbsp;naprawdę "
"odwołujecie się do&nbsp;wolności, a&nbsp;nie tylko bezmyślnie powtarzacie "
"jakieś obce pojęcia marketingowe. Odwoływanie się do&nbsp;wolności może dla "
"waszych rodaków na&nbsp;pierwszy rzut oka wyglądać dziwnie czy&nbsp;"
"niepokojąco, ale&nbsp;gdy tylko dostrzegą, że&nbsp;znaczenie jest dokładnie "
"takie, na&nbsp;jakie wskazuje słowo, wówczas naprawdę zrozumieją o co chodzi."

#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "&ldquo;Give away software&rdquo;"
msgstr "&bdquo;Rozdawać programy&rdquo;"

#. type: Content of: <div><p>
# | It's misleading to use the term &ldquo;give away&rdquo; to mean
# | &ldquo;distribute a program as free software.&rdquo; [-It-] {+This
# | locution+} has the same problem as &ldquo;for free&rdquo;: it implies the
# | issue is price, not freedom.  One way to avoid the confusion is to say
# | &ldquo;release as free software.&rdquo;
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "It's misleading to use the term &ldquo;give away&rdquo; to mean &ldquo;"
#| "distribute a program as free software.&rdquo; It has the same problem as "
#| "&ldquo;for free&rdquo;: it implies the issue is price, not freedom.  One "
#| "way to avoid the confusion is to say &ldquo;release as free software."
#| "&rdquo;"
msgid ""
"It's misleading to use the term &ldquo;give away&rdquo; to mean &ldquo;"
"distribute a program as free software.&rdquo; This locution has the same "
"problem as &ldquo;for free&rdquo;: it implies the issue is price, not "
"freedom.  One way to avoid the confusion is to say &ldquo;release as free "
"software.&rdquo;"
msgstr ""
"Używanie czasownika &bdquo;rozdawać&rdquo; w&nbsp;znaczeniu &bdquo;"
"rozpowszechniać program jako wolne oprogramowanie&rdquo; wprowadza w&nbsp;"
"błąd. Występuje tu ten sam problem, co przy &bdquo;darmowości&rdquo;: słowo "
"sugeruje, że&nbsp;chodzi nam o cenę, nie o wolność. Można uniknąć mylącego "
"terminu mówiąc &bdquo;wypuścić jako wolny program&rdquo;."

#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "&ldquo;Google&rdquo;"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Please avoid using the term &ldquo;google&rdquo; as a verb, meaning to "
"search for something on the internet. &ldquo;Google&rdquo; is just the name "
"of one particular search engine among others. We suggest to use the term "
"&ldquo;search the web&rdquo; or (in some contexts) just &ldquo;search."
"&rdquo; Try to use a search engine that respects your privacy; for instance, "
"<a href=\"https://duckduckgo.com/\">DuckDuckGo</a> claims not to track its "
"users.  (There is no way for outsiders to verify claims of that kind.)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "&ldquo;Hacker&rdquo;"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"A hacker is someone who <a href=\"https://stallman.org/articles/on-hacking."
"html\"> enjoys playful cleverness</a>&mdash;not necessarily with computers.  "
"The programmers in the old <abbr title=\"Massachusetts Institute of "
"Technology\">MIT</abbr> free software community of the 60s and 70s referred "
"to themselves as hackers.  Around 1980, journalists who discovered the "
"hacker community mistakenly took the term to mean &ldquo;security breaker."
"&rdquo;"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Please don't spread this mistake.  People who break security are &ldquo;"
"crackers.&rdquo;"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "&ldquo;Intellectual property&rdquo;"
msgstr "&bdquo;Własność intelektualna (intellectual property)&rdquo;"

#. type: Content of: <div><p>
# | Publishers and lawyers like to describe copyright as &ldquo;intellectual
# | [-property.&rdquo; This-] {+property&rdquo;&mdash;a+} term [-carries a
# | hidden assumption&mdash;that the most natural way-] {+also applied+} to
# | [-think about the issue of copying is based on an analogy with physical
# | objects,-] {+patents, trademarks,+} and [-our ideas-] {+other more obscure
# | areas+} of [-them as property.-] {+law.  These laws have so little in
# | common, and differ so much, that it is ill-advised to generalize about
# | them.  It is best to talk specifically about &ldquo;copyright,&rdquo; or
# | about &ldquo;patents,&rdquo; or about &ldquo;trademarks.&rdquo;+}
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "Publishers and lawyers like to describe copyright as &ldquo;intellectual "
#| "property.&rdquo; This term carries a hidden assumption&mdash;that the "
#| "most natural way to think about the issue of copying is based on an "
#| "analogy with physical objects, and our ideas of them as property."
msgid ""
"Publishers and lawyers like to describe copyright as &ldquo;intellectual "
"property&rdquo;&mdash;a term also applied to patents, trademarks, and other "
"more obscure areas of law.  These laws have so little in common, and differ "
"so much, that it is ill-advised to generalize about them.  It is best to "
"talk specifically about &ldquo;copyright,&rdquo; or about &ldquo;patents,"
"&rdquo; or about &ldquo;trademarks.&rdquo;"
msgstr ""
"Wydawcy i&nbsp;prawnicy lubią opisywać prawo autorskie jako &bdquo;własność "
"intelektualną&rdquo;. To określenie ten zawiera ukryte założenie: że&nbsp;"
"najbardziej naturalny sposób rozważania kwestii praw autorskich opiera się "
"na&nbsp;analogii z&nbsp;materialnymi obiektami i&nbsp;naszym pojmowaniu ich "
"jako własności."

#. type: Content of: <div><p>
# | [-But this analogy overlooks-]{+The term &ldquo;intellectual
# | property&rdquo; carries a hidden assumption&mdash;that+} the [-crucial
# | difference between material objects and information: information can be
# | copied and shared almost effortlessly, while material objects can't be. 
# | Basing your thinking-] {+way to think about all these disparate issues is
# | based+} on [-this-] {+an+} analogy [-is tantamount to ignoring that
# | difference.-] {+with physical objects, and our conception of them as
# | physical property.+}
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "But this analogy overlooks the crucial difference between material "
#| "objects and information: information can be copied and shared almost "
#| "effortlessly, while material objects can't be.  Basing your thinking on "
#| "this analogy is tantamount to ignoring that difference."
msgid ""
"The term &ldquo;intellectual property&rdquo; carries a hidden "
"assumption&mdash;that the way to think about all these disparate issues is "
"based on an analogy with physical objects, and our conception of them as "
"physical property."
msgstr ""
"Jednak w&nbsp;przywoływanej analogii umyka dostrzega zasadnicza różnica "
"pomiędzy obiektami materialnymi a&nbsp;informacją: informację można powielać "
"i&nbsp;dzielić się nią niemal bez&nbsp;żadnego wysiłku, podczas gdy nie da "
"się tak zrobić z&nbsp;przedmiotami. Oparcie swojego rozumowania na&nbsp;"
"podobnej analogii jest równoznaczne z&nbsp;ignorowaniem tej różnicy."

#. type: Content of: <div><p>
# | [-Even the US legal system does not entirely accept this analogy,
# | since-]{+When+} it [-does not treat copyrights like physical object
# | property rights.-] {+comes to copying, this analogy disregards the crucial
# | difference between material objects and information: information can be
# | copied and shared almost effortlessly, while material objects can't be.+}
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "Even the US legal system does not entirely accept this analogy, since it "
#| "does not treat copyrights like physical object property rights."
msgid ""
"When it comes to copying, this analogy disregards the crucial difference "
"between material objects and information: information can be copied and "
"shared almost effortlessly, while material objects can't be."
msgstr ""
"Nawet system prawny USA nie akceptuje w&nbsp;pełni tej analogii, gdyż nie "
"traktuje praw autorskich tak samo, jak praw własności do&nbsp;obiektów "
"materialnych."

#. type: Content of: <div><p>
# | [-If you don't want to limit yourself to this way of thinking,-]{+To avoid
# | spreading unnecessary bias and confusion,+} it is best to {+adopt a firm
# | policy+} <a href=\"/philosophy/not-ipr.html\"> [-avoid using the term
# | &ldquo;intellectual property&rdquo;</a>-] {+not to speak or even think+}
# | in [-your words and thoughts.-] {+terms of &ldquo;intellectual
# | property&rdquo;</a>.+}
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "If you don't want to limit yourself to this way of thinking, it is best "
#| "to <a href=\"/philosophy/not-ipr.html\"> avoid using the term &ldquo;"
#| "intellectual property&rdquo;</a> in your words and thoughts."
msgid ""
"To avoid spreading unnecessary bias and confusion, it is best to adopt a "
"firm policy <a href=\"/philosophy/not-ipr.html\"> not to speak or even think "
"in terms of &ldquo;intellectual property&rdquo;</a>."
msgstr ""
"Jeśli nie chcecie ograniczać się do&nbsp;tego sposobu myślenia, najlepiej <a "
"href=\"/philosophy/not-ipr.html\">unikać stosowania określenia &bdquo;"
"własność intelektualna&rdquo; zarówno w&nbsp;słowach</a>, jak i&nbsp;w&nbsp;"
"myślach."

#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The hypocrisy of calling these powers &ldquo;rights&rdquo; is <a href=\"/"
"philosophy/wipo-PublicAwarenessOfCopyright-2002.html\"> starting to make the "
"World &ldquo;Intellectual Property&rdquo; Organization embarrassed</a>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "&ldquo;Internet of Things&rdquo;"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"When companies decided to make computerized appliances that would connect "
"over the internet to the manufacturer's server, and therefore could easily "
"snoop on their users, they realized that this would not sound very nice.  So "
"they came up with a cute, appealing name: the &ldquo;Internet of Things."
"&rdquo;"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Experience shows that these products often do <a href=\"https://www.locusmag."
"com/Perspectives/2015/09/cory-doctorow-what-if-people-were-sensors-not-"
"things-to-be-sensed/\"> spy on their users</a>.  They are also tailor-made "
"for <a href=\"https://archive.ieet.org/articles/rinesi20150806.html\">giving "
"people biased advice</a>.  In addition, the manufacturer can <a href=\"/"
"proprietary/proprietary-sabotage.html\"> sabotage the product</a> by turning "
"off the server it depends on."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid "We call them the &ldquo;Internet of Stings.&rdquo;"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "&ldquo;LAMP system&rdquo;"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"&ldquo;LAMP&rdquo; stands for &ldquo;Linux, Apache, MySQL and PHP&rdquo;"
"&mdash;a common combination of software to use on a web server, except that "
"&ldquo;Linux&rdquo; in this context really refers to the GNU/Linux system.  "
"So instead of &ldquo;LAMP&rdquo; it should be &ldquo;GLAMP&rdquo;: &ldquo;"
"GNU, Linux, Apache, MySQL and PHP.&rdquo;"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "&ldquo;Linux system&rdquo;"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Linux is the name of the kernel that Linus Torvalds developed starting in "
"1991.  The operating system in which Linux is used is basically GNU with "
"Linux added.  To call the whole system &ldquo;Linux&rdquo; is both unfair "
"and confusing.  Please call the complete system <a href=\"/gnu/linux-and-gnu."
"html\"> GNU/Linux</a>, both to give the GNU Project credit and to "
"distinguish the whole system from the kernel alone."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "&ldquo;Market&rdquo;"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"It is misleading to describe the users of free software, or the software "
"users in general, as a &ldquo;market.&rdquo;"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"This is not to say there is no room for markets in the free software "
"community.  If you have a free software support business, then you have "
"clients, and you trade with them in a market.  As long as you respect their "
"freedom, we wish you success in your market."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"But the free software movement is a social movement, not a business, and the "
"success it aims for is not a market success.  We are trying to serve the "
"public by giving it freedom&mdash;not competing to draw business away from a "
"rival.  To equate this campaign for freedom to a business's efforts for mere "
"success is to deny the importance of freedom and legitimize proprietary "
"software."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
# | [-&ldquo;Creator&rdquo;-]{+&ldquo;Modern&rdquo;+}
#, fuzzy
#| msgid "&ldquo;Creator&rdquo;"
msgid "&ldquo;Modern&rdquo;"
msgstr "&bdquo;Twórca&rdquo;"

#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The term &ldquo;modern&rdquo; makes sense from a descriptive "
"perspective&mdash;for instance, solely to distinguish newer periods and ways "
"from older ones."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"It becomes a problem when it carries the presumption that older ways are "
"&ldquo;old-fashioned&rdquo;; that is, presumed to be worse.  In "
"technological fields where businesses make the choices and impose them on "
"users, the reverse is often true."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "&ldquo;Monetize&rdquo;"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The proper definition of &ldquo;monetize&rdquo; is &ldquo;to use something "
"as currency.&rdquo; For instance, human societies have monetized gold, "
"silver, copper, printed paper, special kinds of seashells, and large rocks.  "
"However, we now see a tendency to use the word in another way, meaning "
"&ldquo;to use something as a basis for profit.&rdquo;"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"That usage casts the profit as primary, and the thing used to get the profit "
"as secondary.  That attitude applied to a software project is objectionable "
"because it would lead the developers to make the program proprietary, if "
"they conclude that making it free/libre isn't sufficiently profitable."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"A productive and ethical business can make money, but if it subordinates all "
"else to profit, it is not likely to remain ethical."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "&ldquo;MP3 Player&rdquo;"
msgstr ""

#.  The MP3 patents will reportedly expire by 2018.  
#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"In the late 1990s it became feasible to make portable, solid-state digital "
"audio players.  Most players supported the patented MP3 codec, and that is "
"still the case.  Some players also supported the patent-free audio codecs "
"Ogg Vorbis and FLAC, and a few couldn't play MP3-encoded files at all "
"because their developers needed to protect themselves from the patents on "
"MP3 format."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Using the term &ldquo;MP3 players&rdquo; for audio players in general has "
"the effect of promoting the MP3 format and discouraging the other formats "
"(some of which are technically superior as well).  Even though the MP3 "
"patents have expired, it is still undesirable to do that."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"We suggest the term &ldquo;digital audio player,&rdquo; or simply &ldquo;"
"audio player&rdquo; when that's clear enough, instead of &ldquo;MP3 player."
"&rdquo;"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "&ldquo;Open&rdquo;"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Please avoid using the term &ldquo;open&rdquo; or &ldquo;open source&rdquo; "
"as a substitute for &ldquo;free software.&rdquo; Those terms refer to a <a "
"href=\"/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html\"> different set of "
"views</a> based on different values.  The free software movement campaigns "
"for your freedom in your computing, as a matter of justice.  The open source "
"non-movement does not campaign for anything in this way."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"When referring to the open source views, it's correct to use that name, but "
"please do not use that term when talking about us, our software, or our "
"views&mdash;that leads people to suppose our views are similar to theirs."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <div><blockquote><p>
msgid ""
"Instead of <b>open source</b>, we say, <b>free software</b> or <b>free "
"(libre) software</b>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
# | [-&ldquo;Creator&rdquo;-]{+&ldquo;Opt out&rdquo;+}
#, fuzzy
#| msgid "&ldquo;Creator&rdquo;"
msgid "&ldquo;Opt out&rdquo;"
msgstr "&bdquo;Twórca&rdquo;"

#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"When applied to any form of computational mistreatment, &ldquo;opt "
"out&rdquo; implies the choice is a minor matter of convenience. We recommend "
"&ldquo;reject,&rdquo; &ldquo;shun&rdquo; or &ldquo;escape from.&rdquo;"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "&ldquo;PC&rdquo;"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"It's OK to use the abbreviation &ldquo;PC&rdquo; to refer to a certain kind "
"of computer hardware, but please don't use it with the implication that the "
"computer is running Microsoft Windows.  If you install GNU/Linux on the same "
"computer, it is still a PC."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The term &ldquo;WC&rdquo; has been suggested for a computer running Windows."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "&ldquo;Photoshop&rdquo;"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Please avoid using the term &ldquo;photoshop&rdquo; as a verb, meaning any "
"kind of photo manipulation or image editing in general.  Photoshop is just "
"the name of one particular image editing program, which should be avoided "
"since it is proprietary.  There are plenty of free programs for editing "
"images, such as the <a href=\"https://www.gimp.org/\">GIMP</a>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "&ldquo;Players&rdquo; (said of businesses)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"To describe businesses as &ldquo;players&rdquo; presumes that they are "
"motivated purely and simply by &ldquo;winning&rdquo; what they treat as a "
"poker-like game&mdash;in effect, subordinating all else to profit.  Often "
"businesses (and their executives) do act that way, but not always, and we "
"often pressure them to respect other values as well."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The moral cynicism of &ldquo;players&rdquo; resonates with a general "
"condemnation of business, which to some extent business in general deserves; "
"at the same time, it tends to dissuade the attempt to judge any business's "
"acts or practices in moral terms.  Even to raise the question of whether a "
"certain business treats people unjustly is dissuaded by the &ldquo;"
"players&rdquo; metaphor's murmuring, in the background, &ldquo;Why bother "
"asking?&rdquo; let's avoid that metaphor."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "&ldquo;Piracy&rdquo;"
msgstr "&bdquo;Piractwo&rdquo;"

#. type: Content of: <div><p>
# | Publishers often refer to [-prohibited-] copying {+they don't approve of+}
# | as &ldquo;piracy.&rdquo; In this way, they imply that [-illegal copying-]
# | {+it+} is ethically equivalent to attacking ships on the high seas,
# | kidnap{+p+}ing and murdering the people on them.  {+Based on such
# | propaganda, they have procured laws in most of the world to forbid copying
# | in most (or sometimes all) circumstances.  (They are still pressuring to
# | make these prohibitions more complete.)+}
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "Publishers often refer to prohibited copying as &ldquo;piracy.&rdquo; In "
#| "this way, they imply that illegal copying is ethically equivalent to "
#| "attacking ships on the high seas, kidnaping and murdering the people on "
#| "them."
msgid ""
"Publishers often refer to copying they don't approve of as &ldquo;piracy."
"&rdquo; In this way, they imply that it is ethically equivalent to attacking "
"ships on the high seas, kidnapping and murdering the people on them.  Based "
"on such propaganda, they have procured laws in most of the world to forbid "
"copying in most (or sometimes all) circumstances.  (They are still "
"pressuring to make these prohibitions more complete.)"
msgstr ""
"Wydawcy często nazywają zabronione kopiowanie &bdquo;piractwem&rdquo;. Tym "
"samym insynuują, że&nbsp;nielegalne kopiowanie jest etycznie równoważne "
"atakowaniu statków na&nbsp;morzach, porywaniu i&nbsp;mordowaniu ludzi nimi "
"płynących."

#. type: Content of: <div><p>
# | If you don't believe that [-illegal-] copying {+not approved by the
# | publisher+} is just like kidnap{+p+}ing and murder, you might prefer not
# | to use the word &ldquo;piracy&rdquo; to describe it.  Neutral terms such
# | as [-&ldquo;prohibited copying&rdquo; or-] &ldquo;unauthorized
# | copying&rdquo; {+(or &ldquo;prohibited copying&rdquo; for the situation
# | where it is illegal)+} are available for use instead.  Some of us might
# | even prefer to use a positive term such as &ldquo;sharing information with
# | your neighbor.&rdquo;
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "If you don't believe that illegal copying is just like kidnaping and "
#| "murder, you might prefer not to use the word &ldquo;piracy&rdquo; to "
#| "describe it.  Neutral terms such as &ldquo;prohibited copying&rdquo; or "
#| "&ldquo;unauthorized copying&rdquo; are available for use instead.  Some "
#| "of us might even prefer to use a positive term such as &ldquo;sharing "
#| "information with your neighbor.&rdquo;"
msgid ""
"If you don't believe that copying not approved by the publisher is just like "
"kidnapping and murder, you might prefer not to use the word &ldquo;"
"piracy&rdquo; to describe it.  Neutral terms such as &ldquo;unauthorized "
"copying&rdquo; (or &ldquo;prohibited copying&rdquo; for the situation where "
"it is illegal) are available for use instead.  Some of us might even prefer "
"to use a positive term such as &ldquo;sharing information with your neighbor."
"&rdquo;"
msgstr ""
"Jeśli nie uważacie nielegalnego kopiowania za to samo, co porwanie czy&nbsp;"
"morderstwo, zapewne wolelibyście nie używać do&nbsp;jego opisania słowa "
"&bdquo;piractwo&rdquo;, by je opisać. Istnieją zamiast niego określenia "
"neutralne, jak &bdquo;zabronione kopiowanie&rdquo; (&bdquo;prohibited "
"copying&rdquo;) czy&nbsp;&bdquo;bezprawne kopiowanie&rdquo; (&bdquo;"
"unauthorized copying&rdquo;). Niektórzy z&nbsp;nas może wolą nawet "
"skorzystać z&nbsp;pozytywnie nacechowanego określenia, jak na&nbsp;przykład "
"&bdquo;podzielić się informacją z&nbsp;sąsiadem&rdquo;."

#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"A US judge, presiding over a trial for copyright infringement, recognized "
"that <a href=\"https://torrentfreak.com/mpaa-banned-from-using-piracy-and-"
"theft-terms-in-hotfile-trial-131129/\">&ldquo;piracy&rdquo; and &ldquo;"
"theft&rdquo; are smear words</a>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "&ldquo;PowerPoint&rdquo;"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Please avoid using the term &ldquo;PowerPoint&rdquo; to mean any kind of "
"slide presentation.  &ldquo;PowerPoint&rdquo; is just the name of one "
"particular proprietary program to make presentations.  For your freedom's "
"sake, you should use only free software to make your presentations&mdash;"
"which means, <em>not PowerPoint</em>.  Recommended options include LaTeX's "
"<code>beamer</code> class and LibreOffice Impress."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "&ldquo;Product&rdquo;"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"If you're talking about a product, by all means call it that.  However, when "
"referring to a service, please do not call it a &ldquo;product.&rdquo; If a "
"service provider calls the service a &ldquo;product,&rdquo; please firmly "
"insist on calling it a &ldquo;service.&rdquo; If a service provider calls a "
"package deal a &ldquo;product,&rdquo; please firmly insist on calling it a "
"&ldquo;deal.&rdquo;"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "&ldquo;Protection&rdquo;"
msgstr "&bdquo;Ochrona&rdquo;"

#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Publishers' lawyers love to use the term &ldquo;protection&rdquo; to "
"describe copyright.  This word carries the implication of preventing "
"destruction or suffering; therefore, it encourages people to identify with "
"the owner and publisher who benefit from copyright, rather than with the "
"users who are restricted by it."
msgstr ""
"Prawnicy wydawców opisując prawa autorskie uwielbiają używać terminu &bdquo;"
"ochrona&rdquo;. To słowo przywodzi na&nbsp;myśl zapobieganie zniszczeniu "
"lub&nbsp;cierpieniom, a&nbsp;tym samym zachęca ludzi do&nbsp;identyfikowania "
"się z&nbsp;właścicielem i&nbsp;wydawcą, którzy czerpią korzyści z&nbsp;praw "
"autorskich, nie zaś z&nbsp;użytkownikami, którzy są przez nie ograniczani."

#. type: Content of: <div><p>
# | It is easy to avoid &ldquo;protection&rdquo; and use neutral terms
# | instead.  For example, instead of {+saying,+} &ldquo;Copyright protection
# | lasts a very long time,&rdquo; you can say, &ldquo;Copyright lasts a very
# | long time.&rdquo;
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "It is easy to avoid &ldquo;protection&rdquo; and use neutral terms "
#| "instead.  For example, instead of &ldquo;Copyright protection lasts a "
#| "very long time,&rdquo; you can say, &ldquo;Copyright lasts a very long "
#| "time.&rdquo;"
msgid ""
"It is easy to avoid &ldquo;protection&rdquo; and use neutral terms instead.  "
"For example, instead of saying, &ldquo;Copyright protection lasts a very "
"long time,&rdquo; you can say, &ldquo;Copyright lasts a very long time."
"&rdquo;"
msgstr ""
"Łatwo uniknąć &bdquo;ochrony&rdquo; i&nbsp;korzystać w zamian z neutralnych "
"określeń. Na&nbsp;przykład, zamiast &bdquo;ochrona praw autorskich działa "
"bardzo długo&rdquo; (&bdquo;copyright protection lasts a very long "
"time&rdquo;), można powiedzieć &bdquo;prawa autorskie działają bardzo "
"długo&rdquo; (&bdquo;copyright lasts a very long time&rdquo;)."

#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Likewise, instead of saying, &ldquo;protected by copyright,&rdquo; you can "
"say, &ldquo;covered by copyright&rdquo; or just &ldquo;copyrighted.&rdquo;"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <div><p>
# | If you want to criticize copyright [-instead of supporting it,-] {+rather
# | than be neutral,+} you can use the term &ldquo;copyright
# | restrictions.&rdquo; {+Thus, you can say, &ldquo;Copyright restrictions
# | last a very long time.&rdquo;+}
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "If you want to criticize copyright instead of supporting it, you can use "
#| "the term &ldquo;copyright restrictions.&rdquo;"
msgid ""
"If you want to criticize copyright rather than be neutral, you can use the "
"term &ldquo;copyright restrictions.&rdquo; Thus, you can say, &ldquo;"
"Copyright restrictions last a very long time.&rdquo;"
msgstr ""
"Jeśli zamierzacie skrytykować prawa autorskie, a&nbsp;nie je popierać, "
"możecie użyć sformułowania &bdquo;ograniczenia wynikające z [systemu] praw "
"autorskich&rdquo; (&bdquo;copyright restrictions&rdquo;)."

#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The term &ldquo;protection&rdquo; is also used to describe malicious "
"features.  For instance, &ldquo;copy protection&rdquo; is a feature that "
"interferes with copying.  From the user's point of view, this is "
"obstruction.  So we could call that malicious feature &ldquo;copy "
"obstruction.&rdquo; More often it is called Digital Restrictions Management "
"(DRM)&mdash;see the <a href=\"https://DefectiveByDesign.org\"> Defective by "
"Design</a> campaign."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "&ldquo;RAND (Reasonable and Non-Discriminatory)&rdquo;"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Standards bodies that promulgate patent-restricted standards that prohibit "
"free software typically have a policy of obtaining patent licenses that "
"require a fixed fee per copy of a conforming program.  They often refer to "
"such licenses by the term &ldquo;RAND,&rdquo; which stands for &ldquo;"
"reasonable and non-discriminatory.&rdquo;"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"That term whitewashes a class of patent licenses that are normally neither "
"reasonable nor nondiscriminatory.  It is true that these licenses do not "
"discriminate against any specific person, but they do discriminate against "
"the free software community, and that makes them unreasonable.  Thus, half "
"of the term &ldquo;RAND&rdquo; is deceptive and the other half is prejudiced."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Standards bodies should recognize that these licenses are discriminatory, "
"and drop the use of the term &ldquo;reasonable and non-discriminatory&rdquo; "
"or &ldquo;RAND&rdquo; to describe them.  Until they do so, writers who do "
"not wish to join in the whitewashing would do well to reject that term.  To "
"accept and use it merely because patent-wielding companies have made it "
"widespread is to let those companies dictate the views you express."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"We suggest the term &ldquo;uniform fee only,&rdquo; or &ldquo;UFO&rdquo; for "
"short, as a replacement.  It is accurate because the only condition in these "
"licenses is a uniform royalty fee."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "&ldquo;SaaS&rdquo; or &ldquo;Software as a Service&rdquo;"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"We used to say that SaaS (short for &ldquo;Software as a Service&rdquo;) is "
"an injustice, but then we found that there was a lot of variation in "
"people's understanding of which activities count as SaaS.  So we switched to "
"a new term, &ldquo;Service as a Software Substitute&rdquo; or &ldquo;SaaSS."
"&rdquo; This term has two advantages: it wasn't used before, so our "
"definition is the only one, and it explains what the injustice consists of."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"See <a href=\"/philosophy/who-does-that-server-really-serve.html\">Who Does "
"That Server Really Serve?</a> for discussion of this issue."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"In Spanish we continue to use the term &ldquo;software como servicio&rdquo; "
"because the joke of &ldquo;software como ser vicio&rdquo; (&ldquo;software, "
"as being pernicious&rdquo;) is too good to give up."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "&ldquo;Sell software&rdquo;"
msgstr "&bdquo;Sprzedawać programy (sell software)&rdquo;"

#. type: Content of: <div><p>
# | The term &ldquo;sell software&rdquo; is ambiguous.  Strictly speaking,
# | exchanging a copy of a free program for a sum of money is [-&ldquo;<a-]
# | {+<a+} href=\"/philosophy/selling.html\"> [-selling</a>&rdquo;; but-]
# | {+selling the program</a>, and there is nothing wrong with doing that. 
# | However,+} people usually associate the term [-&ldquo;sell&rdquo;-]
# | {+&ldquo;selling software&rdquo;+} with proprietary restrictions on the
# | subsequent use of the software.  You can be [-more precise,-] {+clear,+}
# | and prevent confusion, by saying either &ldquo;distributing copies of a
# | program for a fee&rdquo; or &ldquo;imposing proprietary restrictions on
# | the use of a [-program&bdquo;&rdquo; depending on what you mean.-]
# | {+program.&rdquo;+}
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "The term &ldquo;sell software&rdquo; is ambiguous.  Strictly speaking, "
#| "exchanging a copy of a free program for a sum of money is &ldquo;<a href="
#| "\"/philosophy/selling.html\"> selling</a>&rdquo;; but people usually "
#| "associate the term &ldquo;sell&rdquo; with proprietary restrictions on "
#| "the subsequent use of the software.  You can be more precise, and prevent "
#| "confusion, by saying either &ldquo;distributing copies of a program for a "
#| "fee&rdquo; or &ldquo;imposing proprietary restrictions on the use of a "
#| "program&bdquo;&rdquo; depending on what you mean."
msgid ""
"The term &ldquo;sell software&rdquo; is ambiguous.  Strictly speaking, "
"exchanging a copy of a free program for a sum of money is <a href=\"/"
"philosophy/selling.html\"> selling the program</a>, and there is nothing "
"wrong with doing that.  However, people usually associate the term &ldquo;"
"selling software&rdquo; with proprietary restrictions on the subsequent use "
"of the software.  You can be clear, and prevent confusion, by saying either "
"&ldquo;distributing copies of a program for a fee&rdquo; or &ldquo;imposing "
"proprietary restrictions on the use of a program.&rdquo;"
msgstr ""
"Termin &bdquo;sprzedawać oprogramowanie&rdquo; jest niejednoznaczny. Ściśle "
"mówiąc, wymiana kopii wolnego programu na&nbsp;pewną sumę pieniędzy jest "
"&bdquo;<a href=\"/philosophy/selling.html\">sprzedażą</a>&rdquo;. Jednak "
"ludzie zwykle kojarzą pojęcie &bdquo;sprzedaży&rdquo; z&nbsp;nakładanymi "
"zastrzeżeniem praw ograniczeniami w&nbsp;dalszym użytkowaniu programu. "
"Możecie być precyzyjniejsi, i&nbsp;zapobiegać nieporozumieniom, mówiąc albo "
"o &bdquo;rozpowszechnianiu kopii programu za opłatą&rdquo; (&bdquo;"
"distributing copies of a program for a fee&rdquo;) albo o &bdquo;wymaganiu "
"opłaty za nałożone zastrzeżeniem praw ograniczenia w&nbsp;korzystaniu z&nbsp;"
"programu&rdquo; (&bdquo;imposing proprietary restrictions on the use of a "
"program&rdquo;), zależnie od&nbsp;tego, co macie na&nbsp;myśli."

#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"See <a href=\"/philosophy/selling.html\">Selling Free Software</a> for "
"further discussion of this issue."
msgstr ""
"Dokładniej omówiono to zagadnienie w&nbsp;artykule &bdquo;<a href=\"/"
"philosophy/selling.html\">Sprzedaż wolnego oprogramowania</a>&rdquo;."

#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "&ldquo;Sharing (personal data)&rdquo;"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"When companies manipulate or lure people into revealing personal data and "
"thus ceding their privacy, please don't refer to this as &ldquo;sharing."
"&rdquo; We use the term &ldquo;sharing&rdquo; to refer to noncommercial "
"cooperation, including noncommercial redistribution of exact copies of "
"published works, and we say this is <em>good</em>.  Please don't apply that "
"word to a practice which is harmful and dangerous."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"When one company redistributes collected personal data to another company, "
"that is even less deserving of the term &ldquo;sharing.&rdquo;"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "&ldquo;Sharing economy&rdquo;"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The term &ldquo;sharing economy&rdquo; is not a good way to refer to "
"services such as Uber and Airbnb that arrange business transactions between "
"people.  We use the term &ldquo;sharing&rdquo; to refer to noncommercial "
"cooperation, including noncommercial redistribution of exact copies of "
"published works.  Stretching the word &ldquo;sharing&rdquo; to include these "
"transactions undermines its meaning, so we don't use it in this context."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"A more suitable term for businesses like Uber is the &ldquo;piecework "
"service economy&rdquo; or &ldquo;gig economy.&rdquo;"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "&ldquo;Skype&rdquo;"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Please avoid using the term &ldquo;skype&rdquo; as a verb, meaning any kind "
"of video communication or telephony over the Internet in general.  &ldquo;"
"Skype&rdquo; is just the name of one particular proprietary program, one "
"that <a href=\"/philosophy/proprietary/proprietary-surveillance."
"html#SpywareInSkype\"> spies on its users</a>. If you want to make video and "
"voice calls over the Internet in a way that respects both your freedom and "
"your privacy, try one of the <a href=\"https://libreplanet.org/wiki/Group:"
"Skype_Replacement\"> numerous free Skype replacements</a>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
# | [-&ldquo;Creator&rdquo;-]{+&ldquo;Smart speaker&rdquo;+}
#, fuzzy
#| msgid "&ldquo;Creator&rdquo;"
msgid "&ldquo;Smart speaker&rdquo;"
msgstr "&bdquo;Twórca&rdquo;"

#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"This term is totally absurd. It refers to products that listen and "
"understand voice commands; they also have a speaker for speaking output from "
"those commands. Their primary function is to listen to commands. Let's call "
"them &ldquo;voice command listeners.&rdquo;"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "&ldquo;Software Industry&rdquo;"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The term &ldquo;software industry&rdquo; encourages people to imagine that "
"software is always developed by a sort of factory and then delivered to "
"&ldquo;consumers.&rdquo; The free software community shows this is not the "
"case.  Software businesses exist, and various businesses develop free and/or "
"nonfree software, but those that develop free software are not run like "
"factories."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The term &ldquo;industry&rdquo; is being used as propaganda by advocates of "
"software patents.  They call software development &ldquo;industry&rdquo; and "
"then try to argue that this means it should be subject to patent "
"monopolies.  <a href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20071215073111/http://"
"eupat.ffii.org/papers/europarl0309/\" title=\"archived version of http://"
"eupat.ffii.org/papers/europarl0309/\">The European Parliament, rejecting "
"software patents in 2003, voted to define &ldquo;industry&rdquo; as &ldquo;"
"automated production of material goods.&rdquo;</a>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "&ldquo;Source model&rdquo;"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Wikipedia uses the term &ldquo;source model&rdquo; in a confused and "
"ambiguous way.  Ostensibly it refers to how a program's source is "
"distributed, but the text confuses this with the development methodology.  "
"It distinguishes &ldquo;open source&rdquo; and &rdquo;shared source&rdquo; "
"as answers, but they overlap&mdash;Microsoft uses the latter as a marketing "
"term to cover a range of practices, some of which are &ldquo;open source."
"&rdquo; Thus, this term really conveys no coherent information, but it "
"provides an opportunity to say &ldquo;open source&rdquo; in pages describing "
"free software programs."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "&ldquo;Terminal&rdquo;"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Mobile phones and tablets are computers, and people should be able to do "
"their computing on them using free software.  To call them &ldquo;"
"terminals&rdquo; supposes that all they are good for is to connect to "
"servers, which is a bad way to do your own computing."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "&ldquo;Theft&rdquo;"
msgstr "&bdquo;Kradzież&rdquo;"

#. type: Content of: <div><p>
# | [-Copyright apologists-]{+The supporters of a too-strict, repressive form
# | of copyright+} often use words like &ldquo;stolen&rdquo; and
# | &ldquo;theft&rdquo; to [-describe-] {+refer to+} copyright infringement. 
# | [-At the same time,-]  {+This is spin, but+} they [-ask us-] {+would like
# | you+} to [-treat the legal system as an authority on ethics: if copying is
# | forbidden,-] {+take+} it [-must be wrong.-] {+for objective truth.+}
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "Copyright apologists often use words like &ldquo;stolen&rdquo; and &ldquo;"
#| "theft&rdquo; to describe copyright infringement.  At the same time, they "
#| "ask us to treat the legal system as an authority on ethics: if copying is "
#| "forbidden, it must be wrong."
msgid ""
"The supporters of a too-strict, repressive form of copyright often use words "
"like &ldquo;stolen&rdquo; and &ldquo;theft&rdquo; to refer to copyright "
"infringement.  This is spin, but they would like you to take it for "
"objective truth."
msgstr ""
"Apologeci praw autorskich do&nbsp;opisania naruszenia praw autorskich często "
"używają słów takich jak &bdquo;ukradziony&rdquo; czy&nbsp;&bdquo;"
"kradzież&rdquo;. Równocześnie chcą, żebyśmy uważali system prawny za "
"autorytet etyczny: jeśli kopiowanie jest zakazane, to musi być złe."

#. type: Content of: <div><p>
# | [-So it is pertinent to mention that-]{+Under+} the {+US+} legal
# | [-system&mdash;at least in the US&mdash;<a
# | href=\"http://caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/scripts/getcase.pl?court=us&amp;vol=473&amp;invol=207\">rejects
# | the idea that-] {+system,+} copyright infringement is
# | [-&ldquo;theft&rdquo;</a>. Copyright apologists-] {+not theft.  <a
# | href=\"https://caselaw.findlaw.com/us-supreme-court/473/207.html\"> Laws
# | about theft are not applicable to copyright infringement</a>.  The
# | supporters of repressive copyright+} are making an appeal to
# | [-authority...and-] {+authority&mdash;and+} misrepresenting what [-the-]
# | authority says.
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "So it is pertinent to mention that the legal system&mdash;at least in the "
#| "US&mdash;<a href=\"http://caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/scripts/getcase.pl?"
#| "court=us&amp;vol=473&amp;invol=207\">rejects the idea that copyright "
#| "infringement is &ldquo;theft&rdquo;</a>. Copyright apologists are making "
#| "an appeal to authority...and misrepresenting what the authority says."
msgid ""
"Under the US legal system, copyright infringement is not theft.  <a href="
"\"https://caselaw.findlaw.com/us-supreme-court/473/207.html\"> Laws about "
"theft are not applicable to copyright infringement</a>.  The supporters of "
"repressive copyright are making an appeal to authority&mdash;and "
"misrepresenting what authority says."
msgstr ""
"W&nbsp;związku z&nbsp;tym należy zauważyć, że&nbsp;system prawny (co "
"najmniej w&nbsp;USA) <a href=\"http://caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/scripts/getcase."
"pl?court=us&amp;vol=473&amp;invol=207\">odrzuca ideę, jakoby złamanie praw "
"autorskich było &bdquo;kradzieżą&rdquo;</a>. Obrońcy praw autorskich "
"używający terminów w&nbsp;rodzaju &bdquo;skradziony&rdquo; powołują się "
"na&nbsp;autorytet&hellip; i&nbsp;fałszywie przedstawiają jego zdanie."

#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"To refute them, you can point to this <a href=\"https://www.guardian.co.uk/"
"books/2013/may/04/harper-lee-kill-mockingbird-copyright\"> real case</a> "
"which shows what can properly be described as &ldquo;copyright theft.&rdquo;"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <div><p>
# | [-The idea that laws decide what is right or wrong-]{+Unauthorized
# | copying+} is [-mistaken-] {+forbidden by copyright law+} in [-general. 
# | Laws are,-] {+many circumstances (not all!), but being forbidden doesn't
# | make it wrong.  In general, laws don't define right and wrong.  Laws,+} at
# | their best, [-an-] attempt to [-achieve justice; to say that-] {+implement
# | justice.  If the+} laws [-define justice or ethical conduct is turning
# | things upside down.-] {+(the implementation) don't fit our ideas of right
# | and wrong (the spec), the laws are what should change.+}
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "The idea that laws decide what is right or wrong is mistaken in general.  "
#| "Laws are, at their best, an attempt to achieve justice; to say that laws "
#| "define justice or ethical conduct is turning things upside down."
msgid ""
"Unauthorized copying is forbidden by copyright law in many circumstances "
"(not all!), but being forbidden doesn't make it wrong.  In general, laws "
"don't define right and wrong.  Laws, at their best, attempt to implement "
"justice.  If the laws (the implementation) don't fit our ideas of right and "
"wrong (the spec), the laws are what should change."
msgstr ""
"Pogląd, że&nbsp;prawo decyduje o tym, co dobre, a&nbsp;co złe, jest z&nbsp;"
"gruntu błędny. Prawa są, w&nbsp;najlepszym razie, próbą osiągnięcia "
"sprawiedliwości. Mówienie, że&nbsp;prawa wyznaczają sprawiedliwość czy&nbsp;"
"normy etyczne jest stawianiem rzeczy na&nbsp;głowie."

#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"A US judge, presiding over a trial for copyright infringement, recognized "
"that <a href=\"https://torrentfreak.com/mpaa-banned-from-using-piracy-and-"
"theft-terms-in-hotfile-trial-131129/\">&ldquo;piracy&rdquo; and &ldquo;"
"theft&rdquo; are smear-words</a>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "&ldquo;Trusted Computing&rdquo;"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"<a href=\"/philosophy/can-you-trust.html\">&ldquo;Trusted computing&rdquo;</"
"a> is the proponents' name for a scheme to redesign computers so that "
"application developers can trust your computer to obey them instead of you.  "
"From their point of view, it is &ldquo;trusted&rdquo;; from your point of "
"view, it is &ldquo;treacherous.&rdquo;"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "&ldquo;Vendor&rdquo;"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Please don't use the term &ldquo;vendor&rdquo; to refer generally to anyone "
"that develops or packages software.  Many programs are developed in order to "
"sell copies, and their developers are therefore their vendors; this even "
"includes some free software packages.  However, many programs are developed "
"by volunteers or organizations which do not intend to sell copies.  These "
"developers are not vendors.  Likewise, only some of the packagers of GNU/"
"Linux distributions are vendors.  We recommend the general term &ldquo;"
"supplier&rdquo; instead."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <div><h4>
msgid "Bibliography"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
msgid ""
"Hicks, M.T., Humphries, J. &amp; Slater, J. ChatGPT is bullshit.  <em>Ethics "
"Inf Technol</em> <b>26</b>, 38 (2024).  <a href=\"https://link.springer.com/"
"article/10.1007/s10676-024-09775-5\">link.springer.com/article/10.1007/"
"s10676-024-09775-5</a>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
# | This essay is published in <a
# | href=\"http{+s+}://shop.fsf.org/product/free-software-free-society/\"><cite>Free
# | Software, Free Society: The Selected Essays of Richard M.
# | Stallman</cite></a>.
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "This essay is published in <a href=\"http://shop.fsf.org/product/free-"
#| "software-free-society/\"><cite>Free Software, Free Society: The Selected "
#| "Essays of Richard M. Stallman</cite></a>."
msgid ""
"This essay is published in <a href=\"https://shop.fsf.org/product/free-"
"software-free-society/\"><cite>Free Software, Free Society: The Selected "
"Essays of Richard M. Stallman</cite></a>."
msgstr ""
"Ten esej jest opublikowany w&nbsp;<a href=\"http://shop.fsf.org/product/free-"
"software-free-society/\"><cite>Free Software, Free Society: The Selected "
"Essays of Richard M. Stallman</cite></a>."

#. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes.
#. type: Content of: <div>
msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S NOTES*"
msgstr ""
"<hr /><b>Przypis tłumacza</b>\n"
"<ol><li><a id=\"TransNote1\" href=\"#revTransNote1\" class=\"nounderline"
"\">&#8593;</a>&nbsp;\n"
"Opisany niżej problem nie występuje w&nbsp;języku polskim, gdyż słowa &bdquo;"
"wolny&rdquo;, &bdquo;swobodny&rdquo; nigdy nie oznaczają &bdquo;"
"bezpłatny&rdquo;, &bdquo;darmowy&rdquo;. Niemniej, w&nbsp;związku z&nbsp;"
"nagminnym nazywaniem wolnego oprogramowania programami darmowymi i&nbsp;"
"pojawiającymi się stąd oskarżeniami, że&nbsp;programistów chce się pozbawić "
"pieniędzy na&nbsp;chleb, warto przeczytać.</li>\n"
"</ol>"

#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid ""
"Please send general FSF &amp; GNU inquiries to <a href=\"mailto:gnu@gnu.org"
"\">&lt;gnu@gnu.org&gt;</a>.  There are also <a href=\"/contact/\">other ways "
"to contact</a> the FSF.  Broken links and other corrections or suggestions "
"can be sent to <a href=\"mailto:webmasters@gnu.org\">&lt;webmasters@gnu."
"org&gt;</a>."
msgstr ""
"Wszelkie pytania dotyczące GNU i&nbsp;FSF prosimy kierować na&nbsp;adres <a "
"href=\"mailto:gnu@gnu.org\">&lt;gnu@gnu.org&gt;</a>. Inne metody kontaktu "
"z&nbsp;FSF można znaleźć na&nbsp;stronie <a href=\"/contact/contact.html"
"\">kontakt</a> <br /> Informacje o niedziałających odnośnikach oraz&nbsp;"
"inne poprawki (lub propozycje) prosimy wysyłać na&nbsp;adres <a href="
"\"mailto:web-translators@gnu.org\">&lt;web-translators@gnu.org&gt;</a>."

#.  TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph,
#.         replace it with the translation of these two:
#.         We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality
#.         translations.  However, we are not exempt from imperfection.
#.         Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard
#.         to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org">
#.         &lt;web-translators@gnu.org&gt;</a>.</p>
#.         <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of
#.         our web pages, see <a
#.         href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
#.         README</a>. 
#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
# || No change detected.  The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "Please see the <a href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html"
#| "\">Translations README</a> for information on coordinating and "
#| "contributing translations of this article."
msgid ""
"Please see the <a href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html"
"\">Translations README</a> for information on coordinating and contributing "
"translations of this article."
msgstr ""
"Staramy się, aby&nbsp;tłumaczenia były wierne i&nbsp;wysokiej jakości, "
"ale&nbsp;nie jesteśmy zwolnieni z&nbsp;niedoskonałości. Komentarze odnośnie "
"tłumaczenia polskiego oraz&nbsp;zgłoszenia dotyczące chęci współpracy w&nbsp;"
"tłumaczeniu prosimy kierować na&nbsp;adres <a href=\"mailto:www-pl-trans@gnu."
"org\">www-pl-trans@gnu.org</a>. <br /> Więcej informacji na&nbsp;temat "
"koordynacji oraz&nbsp;zgłaszania propozycji tłumaczeń artykułów znajdziecie "
"na&nbsp;<a href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html\">stronie "
"tłumaczeń</a>."

#. type: Content of: <div><p>
# | Copyright &copy; [-2014, 2015-] {+1996-2018, 2020, 2021, 2022, 2023,
# | 2024+} Free Software Foundation, Inc.
#, fuzzy
#| msgid "Copyright &copy; 2014, 2015 Free Software Foundation, Inc."
msgid ""
"Copyright &copy; 1996-2018, 2020, 2021, 2022, 2023, 2024 Free Software "
"Foundation, Inc."
msgstr "Copyright &copy; 2014, 2015 Free Software Foundation, Inc."

#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"This page is licensed under a <a rel=\"license\" href=\"http://"
"creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/\">Creative Commons Attribution-"
"NoDerivatives 4.0 International License</a>."
msgstr ""
"Ta strona jest dostępna na&nbsp;<a rel=\"license\" href=\"http://"
"creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/deed.pl\">licencji Creative Commons "
"Uznanie autorstwa&nbsp;&ndash; Bez&nbsp;utworów zależnych 4.0 "
"Międzynarodowe</a>."

#. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits.
#. type: Content of: <div><div>
msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S CREDITS*"
msgstr "Tłumaczenie: Wojciech Kotwica 2001, 2002."

#.  timestamp start 
#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid "Updated:"
msgstr "Aktualizowane:"

#, fuzzy
#~| msgid ""
#~| "Copyright &copy; 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2001, 2002 Free Software "
#~| "Foundation, Inc."
#~ msgid ""
#~ "Copyright &copy; 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2007, "
#~ "2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2020, 2021 Free "
#~ "Software Foundation, Inc."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "Copyright &copy; 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2001, 2002 Free Software "
#~ "Foundation, Inc."

#~ msgid "Some Confusing or Loaded Words and Phrases that are Worth Avoiding"
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "Mylące lub&nbsp;nacechowane słowa i&nbsp;sformułowania, których lepiej "
#~ "unikać"

#~ msgid ""
#~ "&ldquo;<a href=\"#BSD-style\">BSD-style</a>&rdquo; | &ldquo;<a href="
#~ "\"#Commercial\">Commercial</a>&rdquo; | &ldquo;<a href=\"#Creator"
#~ "\">Creator</a>&rdquo; | &ldquo;<a href=\"#DigitalRightsManagement"
#~ "\">Digital Rights Management</a>&rdquo; | &ldquo;<a href=\"#ForFree\">For "
#~ "free</a>&rdquo; | &ldquo;<a href=\"#Freeware\">Freeware</a>&rdquo; | "
#~ "&ldquo;<a href=\"#GiveAwaySoftware\">Give away software</a>&rdquo; | "
#~ "&ldquo;<a href=\"#IntellectualProperty\">Intellectual property</a>&rdquo; "
#~ "| &ldquo;<a href=\"#Piracy\">Piracy</a>&rdquo; | &ldquo;<a href="
#~ "\"#Protection\">Protection</a>&rdquo; | &ldquo;<a href=\"#SellSoftware"
#~ "\">Sell software</a>&rdquo; | &ldquo;<a href=\"#Theft\">Theft</a>&rdquo;"
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "&bdquo;<a href=\"#BSD-style\">Typu BSD</a>&rdquo;&bnsp;| &bdquo;<a href="
#~ "\"#Commercial\">Komercyjny</a>&rdquo;&bnsp;| &bdquo;<a href=\"#Creator"
#~ "\">Twórca</a>&rdquo;&bnsp;| &bdquo;<a href=\"#DigitalRightsManagement"
#~ "\">Administrowanie prawami do&nbsp;dokumentów cyfrowych</a>&rdquo;&bnsp;| "
#~ "&bdquo;<a href=\"#ForFree\">Za darmo</a>&rdquo;&bnsp;| &bdquo;<a href="
#~ "\"#Freeware\">Freeware</a>&rdquo;&bnsp;| &bdquo;<a href="
#~ "\"#GiveAwaySoftware\">Rozdawać&bnsp;programy</a>&rdquo;&bnsp;| &bdquo;<a "
#~ "href=\"#IntellectualProperty\">Własność&bnsp;intelektualna</a>&rdquo;"
#~ "&bnsp;| &bdquo;<a href=\"#Piracy\">Piractwo</a>&rdquo;&bnsp;| &bdquo;<a "
#~ "href=\"#Protection\">Ochrona</a>&rdquo;&bnsp;| &bdquo;<a href="
#~ "\"#SellSoftware\">Sprzedawać&bnsp;programy</a>&rdquo;&bnsp;| &bdquo;<a "
#~ "href=\"#Theft\">Kradzież</a>&rdquo;"

#~ msgid ""
#~ "Even the US legal system does not entirely accept this analogy, since it "
#~ "does not treat copyrights like physical object property rights."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "Nawet system prawny USA nie akceptuje w&nbsp;pełni tej analogii, gdyż nie "
#~ "traktuje praw autorskich tak samo, jak praw własności do&nbsp;obiektów "
#~ "materialnych."

#~ msgid ""
#~ "If you don't want to limit yourself to this way of thinking, it is best "
#~ "to avoid using the term &ldquo;intellectual property&rdquo; in your words "
#~ "and thoughts."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "Jeśli nie chcecie ograniczać się do&nbsp;tego sposobu myślenia, najlepiej "
#~ "unikać stosowania określenia &bdquo;własność intelektualna&rdquo; zarówno "
#~ "w&nbsp;słowach, jak i&nbsp;w&nbsp;myślach."

#~ msgid ""
#~ "There is another problem with &ldquo;intellectual property&rdquo;: it is "
#~ "a catch-all that lumps together several disparate legal systems, "
#~ "including copyright, patents, trademarks, and others, which have very "
#~ "little in common.  These systems of law originated separately, cover "
#~ "different activities, operate in different ways, and raise different "
#~ "public policy issues.  For instance, if you learn a fact about copyright "
#~ "law, you would do&nbsp;well to assume it is <em>not</em> true for patent "
#~ "law, since that is almost always true."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "Z&nbsp;&bdquo;własnością intelektualną&rdquo; jest jeszcze jeden kłopot: "
#~ "jest to wrzucanie do&nbsp;jednego worka kilku odrębnych systemów "
#~ "prawnych, między innymi praw autorskich, patentów, znaków handlowych, "
#~ "które mają ze sobą bardzo mało wspólnego. Te systemy praw powstały "
#~ "osobno, odnoszą się do&nbsp;odmiennych rodzajów ludzkich działań, "
#~ "działają w&nbsp;odmienny sposób i&nbsp;pociągają za sobą odmienne "
#~ "problemy społeczne. Na&nbsp;przykład, kiedy dowiecie się czegoś o prawie "
#~ "autorskim, lepiej przyjąć, że&nbsp;to samo <em>nie</em> jest prawdą "
#~ "w&nbsp;przypadku prawa patentowego, bo prawie zawsze tak jest."

#~ msgid ""
#~ "Since these laws are so different, the term &ldquo;intellectual "
#~ "property&rdquo; is an invitation to simplistic overgeneralization.  Any "
#~ "opinion about &ldquo;intellectual property&rdquo; is almost surely "
#~ "foolish.  At that broad level, you can't even see the specific public "
#~ "policy issues raised by copyright law, or the different issues raised by "
#~ "patent law, or any of the others."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "Ponieważ te przepisy są tak różne od&nbsp;siebie, termin &bdquo;własność "
#~ "intelektualna&rdquo; stanowi zachętę do&nbsp;upraszczających uogólnień. "
#~ "Każda opinia na&nbsp;temat &bdquo;własności intelektualnej&rdquo; jest "
#~ "niemal na&nbsp;pewno pochopna. Przy tak wysokim stopniu ogólności nie "
#~ "można nawet dostrzec specyficznych kwestii społecznych wynikających "
#~ "z&nbsp;praw autorskich, odmiennych problemów wynikających z&nbsp;prawa "
#~ "patentowego, czy&nbsp;któregokolwiek z&nbsp;pozostałych."

#~ msgid ""
#~ "The term &ldquo;intellectual property&rdquo; leads people to focus on the "
#~ "meager common aspect of these disparate laws, which is that they "
#~ "establish various abstractions that can be bought and sold, and ignore "
#~ "the important aspect, which is the restrictions they place on the public "
#~ "and what good or harm those restrictions cause."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "Termin &bdquo;własność intelektualna&rdquo; skłania ludzi do&nbsp;"
#~ "koncentrowania się na&nbsp;wspólnym aspekcie tych nieporównywalnych ze "
#~ "sobą przepisów, tym, że&nbsp;ustanawiają one rozmaite abstrakcyjne byty, "
#~ "które można kupować i&nbsp;sprzedawać, zaś ignorują inny ważny aspekt, "
#~ "dotyczący ograniczeń nakładanych przez nie na&nbsp;społeczeństwo oraz "
#~ "pożytków i&nbsp;szkód, jakie przynoszą."

#~ msgid ""
#~ "If you want to think clearly about the issues raised by patents, "
#~ "copyrights and trademarks, or even learn what these laws require, the "
#~ "first step is to forget that you ever heard the term &ldquo;intellectual "
#~ "property&rdquo; and treat them as unrelated subjects.  To give clear "
#~ "information and encourage clear thinking, never speak or write about "
#~ "&ldquo;intellectual property&rdquo;; instead, present the topic as "
#~ "copyright, patents, or whichever specific law you are discussing."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "Jeśli chcecie w&nbsp;klarowny sposób rozważać kwestie wypływające z&nbsp;"
#~ "funkcjonowania patentów, prawa autorskiego czy&nbsp;znaków towarowych, "
#~ "lub&nbsp;choćby poznać ich wymogi, pierwszym krokiem do&nbsp;tego jest "
#~ "zapomnieć, że&nbsp;kiedykolwiek słyszeliście o &bdquo;własności "
#~ "intelektualnej&rdquo; i&nbsp;traktować je jako niezwiązane ze sobą "
#~ "tematy. Jeżeli zależy wam na&nbsp;przekazaniu jasnej informacji i&nbsp;"
#~ "zachęcaniu innych do&nbsp;klarownego myślenia, nigdy nie mówcie ani nie "
#~ "piszcie o &bdquo;własności intelektualnej&rdquo;, lecz jako temat "
#~ "dyskusji wskazujcie: prawo autorskie, patenty, czy&nbsp;inne konkretne "
#~ "przepisy."

#~ msgid ""
#~ "According to Professor Mark Lemley of the University of Texas Law School, "
#~ "the widespread use of term \"intellectual property\" is a recent fad, "
#~ "arising from the 1967 founding of the World Intellectual Property "
#~ "Organization.  (See footnote 123 in his March 1997 book review, in the "
#~ "Texas Law Review, of <em>Romantic Authorship and the Rhetoric of "
#~ "Property</em> by James Boyle.)  WIPO represents the interests of the "
#~ "holders of copyrights, patents and trademarks, and lobbies governments to "
#~ "increase their power.  One WIPO treaty follows the lines of the Digital "
#~ "Millennium Copyright Act, which has been used to censor useful free "
#~ "software packages in the US.  See <a href=\"http://www.ekosweb.com/wipout/"
#~ "\"> http://www.ekosweb.com/wipout/</a> for a counter-WIPO campaign."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "Według profesora Marka Lemleya z&nbsp;Wydziału Prawa Uniwersytetu w&nbsp;"
#~ "Teksasie rozpowszechnione stosowanie terminu &bdquo;własność "
#~ "intelektualna&rdquo; jest niedawnym dziwactwem, wynikającym z&nbsp;"
#~ "założenia w&nbsp;1967 roku Światowej Organizacji Własności Intelektualnej "
#~ "(World Intellectual Property Organization, WIPO). (Zob. przypis 123 jego "
#~ "recenzji książek w&nbsp;Teksańskim Przeglądzie Prawniczym z&nbsp;marca "
#~ "1997 roku, dotyczący pozycji Romantic Authorship and the Rhetoric of "
#~ "Property autorstwa Jamesa Boyle'a.) WIPO reprezentuje interesy posiadaczy "
#~ "praw autorskich, patentów i&nbsp;znaków towarowych, i&nbsp;aby zwiększyć "
#~ "ich władzę prowadzi działania lobbystyczne wobec rządów. Jeden z&nbsp;"
#~ "traktatów WIPO idzie w&nbsp;ślady ustawy Digital Millenium Copyright Act, "
#~ "której użyto do&nbsp;cenzurowania użytecznych pakietów wolnego "
#~ "oprogramowania w&nbsp;USA. Z&nbsp;kampanią prowadzoną przeciw WIPO można "
#~ "zapoznać się na&nbsp;stronie <a href=\"http://www.ekosweb.com/wipout/"
#~ "\">http://www.ekosweb.com/wipout/</a>."

#~ msgid ""
#~ "So it is pertinent to mention that the legal system&mdash;at least in the "
#~ "US&mdash;rejects the idea that copyright infringement is &ldquo;theft."
#~ "&rdquo; Copyright apologists are making an appeal to authority...and "
#~ "misrepresenting what the authority says."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "W&nbsp;związku z&nbsp;tym należy zauważyć, że&nbsp;system prawny (co "
#~ "najmniej w&nbsp;USA) odrzuca ideę, jakoby złamanie praw autorskich było "
#~ "&bdquo;kradzieżą&rdquo;. Obrońcy praw autorskich używający terminów "
#~ "w&nbsp;rodzaju &bdquo;skradziony&rdquo; powołują się na&nbsp;"
#~ "autorytet&hellip; i&nbsp;fałszywie przedstawiają jego zdanie."

#~ msgid ""
#~ "The idea that laws decide what is right or wrong is mistaken in general.  "
#~ "Laws are, at their best, an attempt to achieve justice; to say that laws "
#~ "define justice or ethical conduct is turning things upside down."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "Pogląd, że&nbsp;prawo decyduje o tym, co dobre, a&nbsp;co złe, jest "
#~ "z&nbsp;gruntu błędny. Prawa są, w&nbsp;najlepszym razie, próbą "
#~ "osiągnięcia sprawiedliwości. Mówienie, że&nbsp;prawa wyznaczają "
#~ "sprawiedliwość czy&nbsp;normy etyczne jest stawianiem rzeczy na&nbsp;"
#~ "głowie."
